CN109926584A - A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method and device - Google Patents
A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109926584A CN109926584A CN201910169132.XA CN201910169132A CN109926584A CN 109926584 A CN109926584 A CN 109926584A CN 201910169132 A CN201910169132 A CN 201910169132A CN 109926584 A CN109926584 A CN 109926584A
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Abstract
A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method and device, in the layer-by-layer molding process of increasing material manufacturing part, after it is cladding layer that the powder in space selected in a certain lamella is by laser melt-forming, ultrafast laser first is carried out to the lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface of the cladding layer and scans polishing treatment, eliminate the excess stock on lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface in selection area, the cladding layer laser formation processing of next lamella is carried out again, until the excess stock elimination in the lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface of entire increasing material manufacturing part in all selection areas finishes.This method can directly remove metal surface material and discharge residual stress caused by increasing material manufacturing；The process route of increasing material manufacturing technique progress synchronous with processing of surface polishing, material product inner surface can be increased to any complicated cavity metal to be processed by shot blasting with outer surface, overcome subsequent laser polishing or machining can not be to the technical problem that member cavities inner surface is polished.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing process field more particularly to a kind of increasing material manufacturings and surface to throw
Phototiming processing method and device.
Background technique
Increasing material manufacturing refers to the process of engineering component by way of layer-by-layer added material to produce.Firstly, designing zero
Part model is simultaneously decomposed into many lamellas being laminated upwards by the threedimensional model of part, then is generated to the model of each lamella specified
Path and send instructions to increasing material manufacturing equipment, then control each layer of laser beam selective melting powder be melted and molded be cladding
Layer, and successively it is superimposed as 3 d part.In the process being successively superimposed, it is super that the profile lap-joint of each layer can generate a part
The right angle step of contoured surface out, referred to as step effect, it is the main reason for influencing increasing material manufacturing Part Surface Roughness.Together
When, melting increases the nodularization of material powder at the contoured surface of each layer and adherency is also to be very difficult to avoid completely, and is equally so that increasing material
The high key factor of manufacture parts surface roughness.The surface roughness Ra of laser gain material product is probably in 5~20 μ at present
M, and the workpiece surface roughness Ra of traditional precision-investment casting preparation can be down to 3.2 μm or so, therefore, poor increasing material product
Surface quality is the Industry standards call for being difficult to meet high-end part, and surface roughness, which has become, interferes the application of increasing material manufacturing material
One of the major reasons.
Laser polishing is 21 century most promising and most effective polishing technology, and ultrafast laser (also known as it is ultrashort sharp
Light refers to pulsewidth in nanosecond laser below) polishing technology be current material surface micro Process in terms of research hotspot.Wherein picosecond
Laser and femtosecond laser are most representative ultrafast laser polishing technologies, and main advantage is that laser pulse reaches picosecond and flies
Second-time, it is very short to the action time of material, but peak power is high, the chemical bond of material can be directly struck off, to the hot shadow of material
Sound is minimum, and etching precision is high, it can be achieved that the precise polished of complex profile, microcell and constituency polish, not by the strength of materials, hardness etc.
The influence of performance.For certain complex-shaped laser gain material products and hot investment casting part, as long as laser beam can be straight
The piece surface region being irradiated to is connect, ultrafast laser polishing technology is can use and surface polishing treatment is carried out to it, and it is mechanical
Polishing is difficult to realize complex-curved polishing；But the cavity structure part fine for complexity, such as hollow blade, capillary metal tube,
Since machine-shaping rear interior cavity surface is closed in part, subsequent polishing either mechanical polishing or laser polishing are all
It is not used to inner surface polishing.Therefore, the surface smoothness that complicated cavity metal increases material product, especially inner surface how to be improved
Finish is a technical problem urgently to be resolved always.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method and
Device realizes that during increasing material manufacturing, synchronization is polished using inside and outside contour face of the ultrafast laser to each cladding layer
Scanning eliminates the step effect and powder adherency in inside and outside contour face, improves the quality of final part overall surface.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that:
In the layer-by-layer molding process of increasing material manufacturing part, when the powder for selecting space in a certain lamella is melted by laser
After change is shaped to cladding layer, ultrafast laser first is carried out to the lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface of the cladding layer and scans polishing treatment,
Eliminate the excess stock on lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface in selection area, then carry out the cladding layer laser of next lamella at
Type processing, until the excess stock on the lubrication groove profile surface of entire increasing material manufacturing part and/or outer surface in all selection areas
Elimination finishes.
Further, the number of the ultrafast laser scanning polishing of every layer of cladding layer is around lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer profile
1~6 time of face progress.When cladding layer is thicker, the surface smoothness of a possible laser polishing is inadequate, needs repeatedly to be swashed
Light polishing can be only achieved requirement, and polishing number depends on lamellar spacing, and laser lap rate is controlled 70~90%；It polishes simultaneously secondary
Number can be adjusted flexibly according to scene needs.
Further, the excess stock includes the lamella step and/or various sizes of adhering powder of different angle.Piece
Layer step is increasing material manufacturing in the process because step effect generates, and adhering powder is then not complete at the contoured surface of each cladding layer
Full-fusing increases the nodularization of material powder and adheres to generation, is all lamella step, adherency powder an important factor for influencing surface smoothness
End is identical with cladding composition of layer.
Further, the powder is metal powder, semiconductor material powder, ceramic powder, functionally gradient material (FGM) powder
Or the increasing material powder of other suitable increasing material manufacturings.
Further, the metal powder is titanium alloy metal powder, high temperature alloy metal powder, ferrous alloy metal powder
The gold at end, almag metal powder, refractory alloy metal powder, amorphous alloy metal powder or other suitable increasing material manufacturings
Belong to powder.
Further, the ultrafast laser is picosecond laser, femtosecond laser.
A kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that:
Full of the inert protective gas by inertia protection gas source feed in working chamber；
It shapes on indoor horizontal table configured with the moulding cylinder that can be vertically moved up or down by driving；
Powder storage cylinder and powder collection cylinder are respectively equipped on the table surface of moulding cylinder two sides, powder storage cylinder can
It is vertically moved up or down by driving；
Being equipped in working chamber above work top can be driven between powder storage cylinder and powder collection cylinder back and forth
Mobile powdering brush, powdering brush are flat-pushing on moulding cylinder by the powder in powder storage cylinder, or the powder on moulding cylinder is put down
It is pushed into powder collection cylinder；
AM Laser emission end and ultrafast laser transmitting terminal, two Laser emission end peaces are equipped in working chamber above moulding cylinder
On guide rail, it can be moved horizontally within the scope of machining area under driving along guide rail；Two Laser emission ends pass through respectively
Optical fiber is connect with AM laser and ultrafast laser；
Moulding cylinder, powder storage cylinder, AM laser, ultrafast laser, AM Laser emission end, ultrafast laser transmitting terminal and paving
Painting is electrically connected with control module respectively, control module and calculating mechatronics.
In specific process, (it is also possible to other with similar function using the CAD software in computer with CAM software
Can modelling software) design wants increasing material manufacturing part model and corresponding processing program, part model is cut
Piece layered shaping obtains the profile parameters of each lamella, and generates corresponding machined parameters, such as support, thickness and scan path
Deng；Then, for control powdering brush first in the flat-pushing machine table to formation cylinder of increasing material powder, extra powder is collected in powder receipts
Collect in cylinder, then, operator is precisely controlled AM laser and AM Laser emission end by computer, control module,
Will selection determine in space increasing material powder fusing, when increase material powder melting layer forming after, by control ultrafast laser and
Ultrafast laser transmitting terminal is scanned polishing to the selection area on the cladding layer lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface, eliminates wheel
The excess stock of selection area in profile surface, such as lamella step and adhering powder；After the polishing treatment of current cladding layer, forming
Cylinder declines the distance of certain thickness, and powder storage cylinder rises certain altitude, and powdering brush is again by the increasing material powder in powder storage cylinder
Flat-pushing on manufactured cladding layer, control module calls in the process data of next layer of profile, and it is molten to carry out next layer of powder
It covers and is polished with profile scan, so processed layer by layer, until entire part completion of processing.It is (especially golden in order to avoid increasing material powder
Belong to powder) high temperature melting molding and scanning polishing when be oxidized, whole process be full of inert protective gas working chamber in
Middle progress, the intake of inert protective gas is by inertia protection gas source control.
Further, the control module is motion control card or motion controller.Motion control card is usually that PCI is inserted
Slot or 104 boards, need to be mounted on the mainboard of computer, and motion controller has independent installation panel, have face
A variety of external forms such as template, instrument type and guide rail mount type.Although being all to control servo motor or stepping electricity by pulse signal
Machine, but the program of motion controller is written, is largely that itself is programmed by intrinsic programming mode on the controller, or
Person passes program by host computer to execute following order, and the programming mode of motion control card is then more flexible than wide, only
Bottom layer driving and programming code are provided the user with, user can make various suitable boundaries according to the software development capabilities of oneself
Face.And function.
Further, the guide rail be square rail, triangular guide, sphere of movements for the elephants shape guide rail or other flat guides,
To facilitate two Laser emission ends that can move horizontally in the range of work under driving, comprehensively premised on the covering range of work.
Further, the incident angle of the ultrafast laser transmitting terminal transmitting laser is adjustable.Ultrafast laser transmitting terminal issues
The incident angle of laser is adjusted according to the angle of cladding layer contoured surface, to realize the extra of the differently contoured face of quantitative cleavage
Material, such as the lamella step and various sizes of adhering powder of different angle.
Further, the type of the AM laser transmitting laser is continuous laser, wavelength 1064nm, power 100
~1000W, spot diameter are 50~200 μm, and scanning speed is 50~2000mm/s；Ultrafast laser transmitting laser type be
Pulse laser, frequency are 1kHz~1000kHz, and power is 0~180W, 1~10mm/s of scanning speed, wavelength 1030nm.Root
According to early period about femtosecond laser to the outer surface for increasing material product be processed by shot blasting the study found that when the frequency of femtosecond laser is
50kHz, scanning speed 5mm/s, wavelength 1030nm, when sweep spacing is 5 μm, the article surface roughness by polishing is bright
Aobvious to reduce, surface roughness Ra value is reduced to 4.4 μm by 15.6 μm, decreases by 71%, therefore is the preferred side in actual processing
Case.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, ultrafast laser is very short to the action time of material, and peak power is high, can non-contact type directly remove metal watch
Face excess stock, and do not generate heat effect influence on material, while can discharge to a certain extent residual caused by increasing material manufacturing
Residue stress；
2, two kinds of high technology processing technologies flexible (metal increasing material manufacturing and ultrafast laser polishing treatment) are combined
Process route may be implemented to be processed by shot blasting any complicated cavity metal increasing material product inner surface with outer surface, overcome
Subsequent laser polishing or machining can not finally realize one-stop the technical problem that member cavities inner surface is polished
High efficiency, high-precision, high-performance increase the preparation of material product.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the lamella step of increasing material manufacturing piece surface and powder adhere to schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the operation schematic diagram of a kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing device (when ultrafast laser scans)
Fig. 3 is operation schematic diagram (be omitted powdering brush and guide rail) of the device when increasing material molding in Fig. 2
Fig. 4 is the lamella step in cavity metal increasing material manufacturing parts profile face and the surface polishing that ultrafast laser successively scans
Method schematic
In Fig. 1~4: 1 protects gas source for inertia；2 be working chamber；3 be optical fiber；4 be guide rail；5 be AM Laser emission end；6
For ultrafast laser transmitting terminal；7 be powder collection cylinder；8 be increasing material manufacturing part, and 801 be lubrication groove profile surface, and 802 be outer surface；9
It is machine table for formation cylinder, 901；10 be powder storage cylinder；11 be powdering brush；12 be AM laser；13 be ultrafast laser；14
For control module；15 be computer；16 be lamella step, and 17 be adhering powder, and 18 be ultrafast laser, and 19 be increasing material powder.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, theoretically it is believed that the surface roughness Ra of increasing material manufacturing part 8 should be equal to lamella step 16 3
Angular high h, according to geometric dimension relationship h=H*cos α (H is lamellar spacing, and α is piece surface tilt angle), it is seen that
When 16 thickness of lamella step, one timing, at cosine curve relationship, i.e. surface is inclined for surface roughness Ra and piece surface tilt angle
Rake angle is smaller, and surface roughness is bigger；And one timing of surficial inclination, surface roughness Ra and the linear increasing of lamellar spacing
Important Relations.
As shown in figure 4, in the layer-by-layer molding process of increasing material manufacturing part, when the increasing for selecting space in a certain lamella
Material powder 19 is melted and molded after cladding layer, first to carry out the lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface of the cladding layer ultrafast by laser
Selection area on lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface (the lubrication groove profile surface 801 that designs, foreign steamer are eliminated in laser scanning polishing treatment
Region between profile surface 802 and step surface) in excess stock to improve final part surface quality, then carry out next lamella
Cladding layer laser formation processing, until all selection areas on the lubrication groove profile surface of entire increasing material manufacturing part and/or outer surface
Interior excess stock elimination finishes.
Increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing device as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, interior be full of in working chamber 2 are protected by inertia
The inert protective gas that gas source 1 supplies；Configured with the molding that can be vertically moved up or down by driving on horizontal table in working chamber 2
Cylinder 9；Powder storage cylinder 10 and powder collection cylinder 7,10 energy of powder storage cylinder are respectively equipped on the table surface of 9 two sides of moulding cylinder
It is enough to be vertically moved up or down by driving；Powder storage cylinder 10 and powder receipts can be driven in by being equipped in working chamber 2 above work top
The powdering brush 11 that moves back and forth between collection cylinder 7, powdering brush 11 is flat-pushing on moulding cylinder 9 by the powder in powder storage cylinder 10, or
Person is flat-pushing in powder collection cylinder 7 by the powder on moulding cylinder 9.
AM Laser emission end 5 and ultrafast laser transmitting terminal 6, two Laser emissions are equipped in the working chamber 2 of 9 top of moulding cylinder
End is mounted on guide rail 4, can move horizontally within the scope of machining area under driving along guide rail 4；Two Laser emission ends point
Not Tong Guo optical fiber 3 connect with AM laser 12 and ultrafast laser 13, laser is issued by laser, imported into transmitting by optical fiber
End is precisely controlled transmitting terminal, to realize controllableization and automation of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing process；It is different
Laser pass through respective optical fiber 3 respectively and transmitting terminal is incident on machining area, movable AM Laser emission end 5 can be to any
The increasing material manufacturing part 8 of shape is successively constructed；And movable ultrafast laser transmitting terminal 6 can be to the contoured surface of each cladding layer
It is processed by shot blasting, the surface quality of one-piece parts may finally be improved.
Moulding cylinder 9, powder storage cylinder 10, AM laser 12, ultrafast laser 13, AM Laser emission end 5, ultrafast laser hair
It penetrates end 6 and powdering brush 11 is electrically connected with control module 14 respectively, control module 14 and calculating mechatronics.
In the present embodiment, control module 14 is motion control card or motion controller.
Guide rail 4 is sphere of movements for the elephants shape guide rail, facilitates the main ultrafast laser transmitting terminal 6 in AM Laser emission end 5 horizontal in the range of work
Mobile to, vertical equity, the incident angle that ultrafast laser transmitting terminal 6 emits laser can be according to the angle tune of cladding layer contoured surface
Section, the excess stock in the quantitative differently contoured face of ablation, step effect and various sizes of adhering powder such as different angle.It utilizes
The excess stock of the ultrafast laser ablation contoured surface of high-energy, it is ablated fall material be equally tiny powder, ingredient is not
It changes, will not influence subsequent increasing type powder filling and material global tissue and performance.
The type that AM laser 12 emits laser is continuous laser, and wavelength 1064nm, power is 100~1000W, hot spot
Diameter is 50~200 μm, and scanning speed is 50~2000mm/s；The type that ultrafast laser 13 emits laser is pulse laser,
Frequency is 1kHz~1000kHz, and power is 0~180W, 1~10mm/s of scanning speed, wavelength 1030nm.
In the present embodiment, the number of the ultrafast laser scanning polishing of every layer of cladding layer is around lubrication groove profile surface and/or foreign steamer
1~6 time of profile surface progress；Increasing material powder 19 is titanium alloy metal powder.
In specific process, (it is also possible to other with similar using the CAD software in computer 15 with CAM software
The modelling software of function) design wants increasing material manufacturing part model and corresponding processing program, part model carried out
Slicing delamination processing, obtains the profile parameters of each lamella, and generate corresponding machined parameters, such as support, thickness and scanning road
Diameter etc.；Then, control powdering brush 11 first in the flat-pushing machine table 901 to formation cylinder 9 of increasing material powder 19, received by extra powder
It combines in powder collection cylinder 7, then, operator sends out AM laser 12 and AM laser by computer 15, control module 14
It penetrates end 5 to be precisely controlled, the increasing material powder 19 in space is determined into selection and is melted, finished when increasing the forming of 19 cladding layer of material powder
Afterwards, by control ultrafast laser 13 and ultrafast laser transmitting terminal 6 to the choosing on the cladding layer lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface
Determine region and is scanned polishing, the excess stock of selection area on contour elimination face, such as lamella step 16 and adhering powder 17；When
After the polishing treatment of preceding cladding layer, formation cylinder 9 declines the distance of certain thickness, and powder storage cylinder 10 rises certain altitude,
Powdering brush 11 is flat-pushing on manufactured cladding layer by the increasing material powder 19 in powder storage cylinder 10 again, and control module 14 is called in
The process data of next layer of profile carries out next layer of powder melting and profile scan polishing, so processes layer by layer, until entire
Part completion of processing.It is oxidized when the molding of (especially metal powder) high temperature melting of material powder 19 in order to avoid increasing, whole process
It is the middle progress in the working chamber 2 full of inert protective gas, inert protective gas provides anaerobic for whole process and adds
The intake of work environment, inert protective gas is controlled by inertia protection gas source 1.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that:
In the layer-by-layer molding process of increasing material manufacturing part, when the increasing material powder (19) for selecting space in a certain lamella is swashed
Light is melted and molded after cladding layer, first to carry out ultrafast laser scanning polishing to the lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface of the cladding layer
The excess stock on lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface in selection area is eliminated in processing, then is carried out the cladding layer of next lamella and swashed
Seterolithography processing, until extra in all selection areas on the lubrication groove profile surface of entire increasing material manufacturing part and/or outer surface
Material elimination finishes.
2. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1 and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that: every layer of cladding layer
Ultrafast laser scanning polishing number be around lubrication groove profile surface and/or outer surface progress 1~6 time.
3. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1 and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that: the extra material
Material includes the lamella step (16) and/or various sizes of adhering powder (17) of different angle.
4. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1 and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that: the increasing material powder
Last (19) are metal powder, semiconductor material powder, ceramic powder or functionally gradient material (FGM) powder；It is if increasing material powder (19)
Metal powder, the metal powder are titanium alloy metal powder, high temperature alloy metal powder, ferrous alloy metal powder, magnalium
Alloyed metal powder, refractory alloy metal powder or amorphous alloy metal powder.
5. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1 and surface polishing synchronous processing method, it is characterised in that: described ultrafast sharp
Light is picosecond laser, femtosecond laser.
6. a kind of increasing material manufacturing and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that:
Full of the inert protective gas by inertia protection gas source (1) gas supply in working chamber (2)；
Configured with the moulding cylinder (9) that can be vertically moved up or down by driving on horizontal table in working chamber (2)；
Powder storage cylinder (10) and powder collection cylinder (7), powder storage are respectively equipped on the table surface of moulding cylinder (9) two sides
Cylinder (10) can be vertically moved up or down by driving；
Be equipped in working chamber (2) above work top can be driven in powder storage cylinder (10) and powder collection cylinder (7) it
Between the powdering brush (11) that moves back and forth, powdering brush (11) is flat-pushing on moulding cylinder (9) by the powder in powder storage cylinder (10), or
Person is flat-pushing interior to powder collection cylinder (7) by the powder on moulding cylinder (9)；
AM Laser emission end (5) and ultrafast laser transmitting terminal (6), two laser are equipped in working chamber (2) above moulding cylinder (9)
Transmitting terminal is mounted on guide rail (4), can move horizontally within the scope of machining area under driving along guide rail (4)；Two laser
Transmitting terminal passes through optical fiber (3) respectively and connect with AM laser (12) and ultrafast laser (13)；
It is moulding cylinder (9), powder storage cylinder (10), AM laser (12), ultrafast laser (13), AM Laser emission end (5), ultrafast
Laser emission end (6) and powdering brush (11) are electrically connected with control module (14) respectively, control module (14) and calculating mechatronics.
7. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that: the control mould
Block (14) is motion control card or motion controller.
8. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that: the guide rail
It (4) is square rail, triangular guide or sphere of movements for the elephants shape guide rail.
9. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that: described ultrafast sharp
The incident angle that light emitting end (6) emits laser is adjustable.
10. increasing material manufacturing according to claim 6 and surface polishing synchronous processing device, it is characterised in that: the AM swashs
Light device (12) emit laser type be continuous laser, wavelength 1064nm, power be 100~1000W, spot diameter be 50~
200 μm, scanning speed is 50~2000mm/s；The type that ultrafast laser (13) emits laser is pulse laser, and frequency is
1kHz~1000kHz, power are 0~180W, 1~10mm/s of scanning speed, wavelength 1030nm.
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