CN111763941A - Coating process, composite material, application and surface treatment method of metal-based material - Google Patents
Coating process, composite material, application and surface treatment method of metal-based material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111763941A CN111763941A CN202010640099.7A CN202010640099A CN111763941A CN 111763941 A CN111763941 A CN 111763941A CN 202010640099 A CN202010640099 A CN 202010640099A CN 111763941 A CN111763941 A CN 111763941A
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical class [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zinc Chemical compound [Cu].[Zn] TVZPLCNGKSPOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001325 element alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/5127—Cu, e.g. Cu-CuO eutectic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/5133—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/51—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
- C04B41/5144—Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal with a composition mainly composed of one or more of the metals of the iron group
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a coating process, a composite material, an application and a surface treatment method of a metal-based material. The coating process comprises the following steps: processing a plurality of grooves on the surface of the ceramic substrate; filling metal-based materials in the inner part and the edge surface of the groove; and sequentially adopting various types of laser to treat the surface of the metal-based material so as to ensure that the metal-based material is coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate after being melted. The surface of the metal-based material is processed by combining the lasers with different parameters, so that the metal-based material can be directly coated on the surface of the ceramic, the problem of poor surface quality after the metal-based material is melted is solved, and the surface quality of the coated material is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a coating process, a composite material, an application and a surface treatment method of a metal-based material.
Background
The laser coating technology can obviously improve the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the surface of the base material. In this respect, the use of laser coating technology in industrial fields is becoming increasingly favored. However, in the industrial field, the combination of multiple materials is often required to realize the functional application in industry, for example, 45 steel is selected as the base material in the mold industry, the upper surface of the base material is coated with Co/Cr/Mo alloy to improve the wear resistance of the mold so as to improve the service life, and the lower surface of the base material is coated with pure copper material and 3D printed with a functionalized structure so as to improve the cooling efficiency.
At present, the laser coating technology generally selects continuous single-parameter laser to meet the application of unit materials/alloys in the industrial field, in particular to the bonding of multi-element alloy materials, for example, in order to realize the bonding of Co and Cu, a nickel-based material is added in the middle. The ceramic has the characteristics of stable chemical property, good thermal stability, good insulating property and the like, and is widely applied in the industrial field, but because the ceramic and the metal copper are different in physical/chemical characteristics and are completely different heterogeneous materials, a mode for realizing effective bonding of the ceramic and the metal by laser does not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a coating process, a composite material, an application and a surface treatment method of a metal-based material.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a coating process, comprising: etching a microstructure on the surface of the ceramic substrate; filling metal-based materials in the interior and on the edge surface of the microstructure; and sequentially adopting laser with different parameters to treat the surface of the metal-based material so as to ensure that the metal-based material is coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate after being melted.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a composite material comprising: ceramic substrate, metal-based material coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate by the coating process as described above.
In a third aspect, the invention also provides the use of a composite material in a mould.
In a fourth aspect, the invention also provides a method for processing the metal finish of the surface of the metal-based material, which comprises the following steps: carrying out selective laser cladding on the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser so as to enable the metal-based material and the ceramic substrate to form a cladding structure; forming a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal-based material by adopting the surface appearance of the ultrafast laser sputtering cladding structure; and (3) carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse wide nanosecond laser so as to restore the metal finish on the surface of the metal-based material.
The coating process, the composite material, the application and the surface treatment method of the metal-based material have the advantages that the microstructure is etched on the surface of the base material, the metal-based material is covered in the microstructure and on the edge surface, the surface of the metal-based material is treated in a mode of combining lasers with different parameters, the metal-based material can be directly coated on the surface of the ceramic, meanwhile, the problem of poor surface quality after the metal-based material is melted is solved, and the surface quality of the coating material is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a process for preparing a composite material of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a metal-based material filled microstructure of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a real electron micrograph of a metal-based material filled microstructure of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of the structure of the flat bottom groove of the present invention;
FIG. 2d is a schematic view of the structure of the arc bottom groove of the present invention;
fig. 3a is a schematic view of a cladding structure formed of a metal-based material of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is an electron microscope photograph of a metal-based material of the present invention forming a cladding structure;
fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of a micro-nano structure formed on the surface layer of the metal-based material of the invention;
FIG. 4b is a real electron microscope photograph of the micro-nano structure formed on the surface layer of the metal-based material of the present invention;
fig. 5a is a schematic view of the surface of the metal-based material of the present invention undergoing a second melting;
fig. 5b is an electron microscope photograph of the surface of the metal-based material of the present invention subjected to secondary melting.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A first part: elucidating the specific technical scheme
Since ceramics and metallic copper are very different in physical/chemical properties and are very different heterogeneous materials, it is difficult to achieve effective bonding of ceramics and metals by laser processing. Thus, referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a coating process comprising: etching a microstructure on the surface of the ceramic substrate; filling metal-based materials in the interior and on the edge surface of the microstructure; and sequentially adopting laser with different parameters to treat the surface of the metal-based material so as to ensure that the metal-based material is coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate after being melted. In order to ensure the coating effect of the metal-based material, as shown in fig. 2a, no gap is generally left between the metal-based materials on the edge surface of the microstructure, and the overall coverage is maintained by macroscopic or visual observation.
Optionally, the metal-based material is granular, and the particle size is 10-100 um, optionally 20um, 50 um, 80 um. The metal-based materials include, but are not limited to: iron-based materials (316L, 17-4 PH), nickel-based materials (In 718, In 625), titanium-based materials (TA 0, TC 4), copper-based materials (such as copper-tin alloy, copper-zinc alloy, copper-nickel alloy) and the like.
As an alternative to etching microstructures on the substrate surface.
Referring to fig. 2a, the microstructure comprises a plurality of grooves which are regularly arranged, and the width of the groove opening of each groove is 1-1.5 times of the diameter of the maximum particle in the metal-based material, so that powder of the metal-based material can be filled into the groove opening; and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 0.8-2 times of the width of the notch.
Specifically, the operation steps of etching the microstructure on the surface of the substrate are as follows:
first, the width of the machining groove is determined according to the particle diameter distribution of the metal-based material. Typically, the width of the notch of the groove is 1.2 times the maximum particle diameter to ensure that the metal powder particles can enter the groove. Depending on the width of the machined groove, the scanning pitch (i.e., the pitch of two adjacent grooves) was determined, and the scanning pitch was set to 1.5 times the groove width. Secondly, placing the ceramic substrate at the laser focus position, and performing groove processing through optical motion modules such as a galvanometer and the like, namely a microstructure etching process; wherein the actual area of the laser scanning machined groove is equal to or greater than the area of the slice of the first layer of the additive manufactured part (i.e., the area required for use). And finally, stopping laser scanning to process the groove when the depth of the groove is more than or equal to 2 times of the average diameter of the particles, and scanning and processing the groove structure by pulse laser through optical elements such as a galvanometer and the like.
Optionally, the groove may be a flat-bottomed groove in a necking shape (as shown in fig. 2 c) or an arc-bottomed groove (as shown in fig. 2 d), which can ensure the coating amount of the metal-based material, and can play a role in preventing the metal-based material from coming off after the metal-based material is melted and solidified into a whole.
As an alternative embodiment of the laser treatment with different parameters.
The laser treatment of the surface of the metal-based material with different parameters comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 3a, 4a and 5a, selective laser cladding is performed on a metal-based material by using long-pulse-width pulse laser, so that the metal-based material forms a cladding structure; ultra-fast laser sputtering the surface of the metal base material to form a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal base material; and (3) carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse wide nanosecond laser so as to restore the metal finish of the surface of the metal-based material. The selective laser cladding can be realized by controlling software and optical elements, selectively scanning laser on the shape of a region to be fused, and fusing and molding the material of the scanned region by the action of the laser.
The parameters of the long pulse width pulse laser are that the pulse width is more than or equal to 100ns, and the frequency is more than or equal to 100 KHz. And as the metal-based material has larger particles, the long-pulse-width pulse laser can melt and sinter the particles of the metal-based material to form an integrated cladding structure in the metal-based material, and meanwhile, the bonding surface of the metal-based material and the ceramic substrate forms a composite structure, so that the particle fusion of the metal-based material can be realized, the composition of the metal-based material and the ceramic substrate can also be realized, but the surface appearance of the metal-based material is rough and uneven.
The parameters of the ultrafast laser are that the pulse width is 600-1200 fs, and the frequency is 100-300 KHz. Referring to fig. 4b, after the long pulse width pulse laser processing, the metal-based material is processed by ultrafast laser sputtering, so that a micro-nano structure is formed on the surface of the metal-based material coating layer, and the surface of the metal-based material is ensured to be flat and uniform, but the surface smoothness of the metal-based material is poor.
The parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: the pulse width is more than or equal to 100ns, and the frequency is more than or equal to 100 KHz. Referring to fig. 5b, after the ultrafast laser treatment, the metal-based material is treated by the long pulse width nanosecond laser, so that the surface of the coating layer of the metal-based material is secondarily melted, and the metal finish degree of the surface of the coating layer is recovered, thereby meeting the use requirements of industrial application.
According to the embodiment, the surface of the metal-based material is sequentially treated by adopting lasers with different parameters, and selective laser cladding is firstly carried out on the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser, so that particle fusion of the metal-based material can be realized, and compounding of the metal-based material and a ceramic substrate can also be realized, but the surface appearance of the metal-based material is rough and uneven, and then the surface of a coating layer of the metal-based material is subjected to ultrafast laser sputtering treatment to form a micro-nano structure on the surface of the metal-based material, so that the rough and uneven surface appearance of the metal-based; and finally, carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the coating layer of the metal-based material by using long-pulse wide nanosecond laser to recover the metal finish of the surface of the coating layer. The laser with three parameters is processed in sequence to play different roles, so that the composition of the metal base material and the ceramic base material can be realized, and the metal finish degree of the surface of the coating layer can be ensured, thereby meeting the use requirements of industrial application.
Further, referring to fig. 5b, the present invention provides a composite material comprising: ceramic substrate, metal-based material coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate by the coating process as described above.
Furthermore, the invention also provides an application of the composite material in a mould.
Alternatively, the composite material can be used as a substrate of a mold or a 3D printer, such as a mold shell material and a core material.
Further, the invention also provides a treatment method of the metal finish of the surface of the metal-based material, which comprises the following steps: carrying out selective laser cladding on the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser so as to enable the metal-based material and the ceramic substrate to form a cladding structure; forming a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal-based material by adopting the surface appearance of the ultrafast laser sputtering cladding structure; and (3) carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse wide nanosecond laser so as to restore the metal finish on the surface of the metal-based material.
A second part: some examples are given below
Example 1
Selecting a copper-tin alloy material with the particle size of 10 mu m, etching a plurality of grooves arranged on the surface of the ceramic substrate in a laser etching mode according to the use required area, wherein the width of a notch is 1 time of the diameter of the maximum particle in the metal-based material, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 0.8 time of the width of the notch; distributing metal-based materials inside the groove and on the edge surface of the notch by a powder feeding system; the method comprises the following steps of sequentially adopting lasers with three parameters to process the metal-based material, wherein the parameters of the long-pulse-width pulse laser are as follows: pulse width 100ns, frequency 100 KHz; the parameters of the ultrafast laser are as follows: the pulse width is 600fs and the frequency is 150 KHz. The parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: pulse width 100ns, frequency 100 KHz.
Example 2
Selecting a 316L material with the grain diameter of 50 mu m, etching a plurality of grooves arranged on the surface of the ceramic substrate in a laser etching mode according to the use required area, wherein the width of a notch is 1.5 times of the diameter of the maximum grain in the metal-based material, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 2 times of the width of the notch; distributing metal-based materials inside the groove and on the edge surface of the notch by a powder feeding system; the method comprises the following steps of sequentially adopting lasers with three parameters to process the metal-based material, wherein the parameters of the long-pulse-width pulse laser are as follows: pulse width 200ns, frequency 200 KHz; the parameters of the ultrafast laser are as follows: the pulse width is 1000fs and the frequency is 200 KHz. The parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: pulse width 150ns, frequency 200 KHz.
Example 3
Selecting an In718 material with the particle size of 80 microns, etching a plurality of grooves arranged on the surface of the ceramic base material In a laser etching mode according to the use required area, wherein the width of a notch is 1.2 times of the diameter of the maximum particle In the metal base material, and the distance between every two adjacent grooves is 1.5 times of the width of the notch; distributing metal-based materials inside the groove and on the edge surface of the notch by a powder feeding system; the method comprises the following steps of sequentially adopting lasers with three parameters to process the metal-based material, wherein the parameters of the long-pulse-width pulse laser are as follows: pulse width 300ns, frequency 300 KHz; the parameters of the ultrafast laser are as follows: the pulse width is 1200fs and the frequency is 300 KHz. The parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: pulse width 200ns, frequency 150 KHz.
Example 4
Selecting a TC4 material with the grain diameter of 100 mu m, etching a plurality of grooves arranged on the surface of the ceramic substrate in a laser etching mode according to the use required area, wherein the width of a notch is 1 time of the diameter of the maximum grain in the metal-based material, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 2 times of the width of the notch; distributing metal-based materials inside the groove and on the edge surface of the notch by a powder feeding system; the method comprises the following steps of sequentially adopting lasers with three parameters to process the metal-based material, wherein the parameters of the long-pulse-width pulse laser are as follows: the pulse width is 100ns, and the frequency is 200 KHz; the parameters of the ultrafast laser are as follows: the pulse width is 800fs and the frequency is 250 KHz. The parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: pulse width 200ns, frequency 150 KHz.
In conclusion, the coating process, the composite material, the application and the surface treatment method of the metal-based material cover the metal-based material on the inner part and the edge surface of the microstructure, and the surface of the metal-based material is treated by combining the lasers with different parameters, so that the metal-based material can be directly coated on the ceramic surface, the problem of poor surface quality after the metal-based material is melted is solved, and the surface quality of the coating material is improved; the mode of combining the lasers with different parameters is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out selective laser cladding on a metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser, realizing particle fusion of the metal-based material and compounding of the metal-based material and a ceramic substrate, wherein the surface appearance of the metal-based material is rough and uneven, and then forming a micro-nano structure on the surface of a metal-based material coating layer by ultra-fast laser sputtering treatment, so that the rough and uneven surface appearance of the metal-based material is eliminated, but the surface smoothness of the metal-based material is poor; and finally, carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the coating layer of the metal-based material by using long-pulse wide nanosecond laser to recover the metal finish of the surface of the coating layer. The laser with three parameters is processed in sequence to play different roles, so that the composition of the metal base material and the ceramic base material can be realized, and the metal finish degree of the surface of the coating layer can be ensured, thereby meeting the use requirements of industrial application.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A coating process, comprising:
etching a microstructure on the surface of the ceramic substrate;
filling metal-based materials in the interior and on the edge surface of the microstructure;
and sequentially adopting laser with different parameters to treat the surface of the metal-based material so as to ensure that the metal-based material is coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate after being melted.
2. The coating process according to claim 1,
the laser treatment of the surface of the metal-based material with different parameters comprises the following steps:
carrying out selective laser cladding on the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser so as to enable the metal-based material to form a cladding structure;
ultra-fast laser sputtering the surface of the metal base material to form a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal base material;
and (3) carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse wide nanosecond laser so as to restore the metal finish of the surface of the metal-based material.
3. The coating process according to claim 2,
the parameters of the long pulse width pulse laser are as follows: the pulse width is more than or equal to 100ns, and the frequency is more than or equal to 100 KHz.
4. The coating process according to claim 2,
the parameters of the ultrafast laser are as follows: the pulse width is 600-1200 fs, and the frequency is 100-300 KHz.
5. The coating process according to claim 2,
the parameters of the long pulse width nanosecond laser are as follows: the pulse width is more than or equal to 100ns, and the frequency is more than or equal to 100 KHz.
6. The coating process according to claim 1,
the metal-based material is granular, and the particle size of the metal-based material is 10-100 um.
7. The coating process according to claim 6,
the microstructure comprises a plurality of grooves which are regularly arranged, and the width of the groove opening of each groove is 1-1.5 times of the diameter of the maximum particle in the metal-based material; and
the distance between two adjacent grooves is 0.8-2 times of the width of the notch.
8. A composite material, comprising:
ceramic substrate, metal-based material coated on the surface of the ceramic substrate by a coating process according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of a composite material in a mould.
10. A method for processing the metal finish of the surface of a metal-based material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out selective laser cladding on the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse-width pulse laser so as to enable the metal-based material and the ceramic substrate to form a cladding structure;
forming a micro-nano structure on the surface layer of the metal-based material by adopting the surface appearance of the ultrafast laser sputtering cladding structure;
and (3) carrying out secondary melting on the surface of the metal-based material by adopting long-pulse wide nanosecond laser so as to restore the metal finish on the surface of the metal-based material.
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