RU2783662C1 - Method for generating a command to launch a protective munition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio location.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar equipment and can be used in creating systems for active protection of objects, including vehicles, helicopters, and planes. In the claimed method, a radio location system is used to scan the area and detect a target; the target is automatically tracked, the coordinates of the target are measured accurately, and the predicted trajectory of the target is calculated; when the predicted trajectory of the target enters the contour of the protected object, the time of launch of the protective munition is calculated, and a protective munition is selected depending on the direction of approach of the target. A phased antenna array (PAA) with electric scanning of the directivity pattern is used as an antenna in the radio location system. The scan of the area and target detection are combined with automatic tracking of the targets. The radio location system is operated with time division of the scanning and tracking channel intervals, alternating the scanning channel intervals with the tracking channel intervals, wherein the PAA directional pattern in the tracking channel intervals is aimed alternately at the tracked targets; the target types are recognised and determined. If the target is attributed to the dangerous type, then a command to launch the selected protective munition is issued at the calculated time; otherwise, the launch of the protective munition is prohibited, and the type of protective munition is additionally selected depending on the type of target.

EFFECT: possibility of hitting attack ammunition when used in groups, reduced probability of false launch of a protective munition, and increase in the effectiveness of hitting an attack munition.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radar technology and can be used to create complexes of active protection (KAZ) objects, including vehicles, helicopters, aircraft.

Ammunition designed to hit targets equipped with active protection systems has now been developed.

Known hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher RPG-30 "Hook", designed to deal with all modern main tanks, equipped with active protection. It has a bicaliber design using a dummy target to overcome active defenses. Developed by NPO Baslt [www.topwar.ru>27439-rpg-30-kryuk].

The main tandem cumulative rocket-propelled anti-tank grenade is placed in a large tube. In a smaller diameter pipe there is a rocket projectile - a target simulator. When launched at a tank, the smaller projectile comes out first, and after that, with a slight delay (0.2-0.4 s), the main grenade comes out.

A target simulator approaching the tank is detected by the active protection system, is recognized as dangerous because it enters the contour of the protected object, and causes the active protection complex to operate and the protective ammunition to be launched, which destroys the target simulator with a directed field of fragments or a blast wave.

The cloud of fragments and explosion plasma remaining after the destruction of the target simulator reflects the radio waves of the KAZ detector, thereby masking the approaching main anti-tank grenade. Re-detection of a grenade is possible only after it leaves the cloud of fragments at distances significantly shorter than those necessary to counter the threat with active defense systems. Therefore, the main grenade reaches the target and the usual active defense system is not able to hit it.

Known complex active protection "Drozd" [Ivanov V. Active protection of tanks// Military parade: magazine. - 1997. - September-October (T. 23, No. 5). - S. 40-41.]. It uses anti-missiles installed in mortars that cover the sector in 80° azimuth and 20° in elevation as protective ammunition. These ammunition are effective against attacking projectiles flying into the front hemisphere, for example, RPG-30 grenades. Currently, the Javelin ATGM is widely used, which has an infrared homing head and hits a tank in the upper hemisphere. Anti-missiles installed in mortars are ineffective against Javelin ATGMs, since its trajectory passes above the sector of responsibility of mortars.

Thus, it is an urgent task to develop a method for generating a command to launch a protective ammunition, which makes it possible to provide protection against ammunition intended to destroy objects equipped with active protection systems.

Known radar sight designed to detect targets in the rear hemisphere of the aircraft, measuring their coordinates, aiming at the selected target and control means of protection using a computing device [Vasin V.V., Vlasov O.V. Radar devices (theory and principles of construction), M.: Soviet Radio, 1970, p. 589], which implements the following method for detecting an attacking ammunition and controlling protective equipment.

With the help of a radar operating in the overview mode, targets are detected, a rough determination of the coordinates of targets is carried out, a target is selected for tracking, the radar is switched to auto-tracking mode, the antenna is pointed at the selected target, and accurate measurement of the coordinates and relative angular velocity of the target, based on which the computer generates aiming data for controlling the weapon, using the weapon control system, control signals are generated to set the weapon in accordance with the given aiming angles, fire is opened when the target is reached a given distance, the computer also generates data for the use of other means of protection, for example, a transmitter interference, dropping chaff.

The disadvantage of this method of detecting an attacking ammunition and controlling the means of protection is that when the target is automatically tracked, the search for new targets is stopped, as a result of which successively launched attacking ammunition can be missed. In addition, during auto-tracking, only one target can be tracked at which the antenna is pointed, and when attacking from two or more directions simultaneously, attacking ammunition can be missed.

Known self-defense system of the vehicle [RU 2102678 C1]. The self-defense system contains a radar station (RLS) for detecting and measuring the trajectory parameters of an attacking weapon, a prediction unit in which the entrance of an attacking asset into the system’s affected area is determined, a block for selecting protective ammunition and issuing commands to shoot and detonate it, a set of protective ammunition that forms all-round defense .

In the self-defense system of the vehicle, the following method of generating a command to launch protective ammunition is implemented. Initially, the radar is turned on in review mode. When an attacking means enters the radar coverage area, a signal from its entrance is transmitted to the prediction unit. In the prediction block, the received signals are analyzed and the radar is switched to the measurement mode. Information about the parameters of the attacking means (range, speed, azimuth, elevation) is again fed into the prediction block.

During the measurement process, the operation of the radar station is controlled using the prediction unit, and according to the data obtained during the measurement process, the point of impact of the attacking means in the affected area of the system is calculated.

If the calculated trajectory is not included in the contour of the protected object, the calculations are stopped and the radar station is switched to the detection mode. If the trajectory of the attacking projectile falls into the contour of the protected object, then the desired ammunition is selected and a command is issued to shoot it.

The disadvantage of this method of generating a command to launch a protective munition is that in the measurement mode, the detection of new targets is stopped, as a result of which attacking munitions that are sequentially launched with a short time interval can be missed. In addition, only one target can be tracked in the measurement mode, and when attacking two or more directions at the same time, the attacking ammunition can be missed. Also, in this method, there is no assessment of the danger of the attacking ammunition depending on its type and the possibility of prohibiting the issuance of a command to shoot protective ammunition if the type of attacking ammunition is not dangerous.

The technical result of the method of forming a command to launch a protective ammunition is the possibility of hitting attacking ammunition when they are used in groups, reducing the likelihood of a false launch of protective ammunition, as well as increasing the effectiveness of counteracting attacking ammunition intended to destroy objects equipped with active protection systems.

The technical result is achieved by using a phased antenna array with electric beam scanning as an antenna, combining operating modes in the radar - detection and automatic tracking of targets, providing recognition of the type of target in the radar.

In the method of generating a command to launch a protective ammunition using a radar, a survey of the space and detection of a target are carried out, automatic target tracking is carried out, an accurate measurement of the target coordinates is provided and the predicted target trajectory is calculated, when the predicted target trajectory enters the contour of the protected object, the moment of launching the protective ammunition is calculated, depending on the direction of approach, the target chooses a protective ammunition, while using a phased antenna array (PAR) as an antenna in the radar with electric scanning of the radiation pattern, combines the survey of space and detection of targets with automatic target tracking, the operation of the radar is carried out with a time division of the channel intervals of the review and tracking, alternating the channel intervals of the survey with the channel intervals of tracking, while in the channel intervals of the tracking, the directivity pattern of the HEADLIGHTS is guided in turn to the tracked targets. and, they recognize and determine the types of targets, if the type of target is dangerous, then at the calculated time they issue a command to launch the selected protective ammunition, otherwise the launch of the protective ammunition is prohibited.

In addition to the method of generating a command to launch a protective ammunition, the type of protective ammunition is selected depending on the type of target, the formation of a command to launch a protective ammunition.

Evidence of the possibility of implementing a method for generating a command to launch a protective ammunition is given below on a specific example of a radar station for generating a command to launch a protective ammunition. This typical example of using the method of generating a command to launch a protective ammunition in a particular radar station in no way limits its scope of legal protection. This example only provides a specific illustration of the proposed implementation of the method of generating a command to launch a protective ammunition in the radar for generating a command to launch a protective ammunition.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the radar station for the formation of commands to launch a protective munition.

The radar for generating a command to launch a protective ammunition contains a phased antenna array 1, which is an angular discriminator of a sum-difference monopulse system [Leonov A.I., Fomichev K.I. Monopulse radar, - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional - M.: Radio and communication, 1984.], which includes emitters 2, to which controlled phase shifters 3 are connected, the outputs of which are connected to the beam-forming system 4, the total output and the outputs of the azimuth difference signal and the difference signal of the elevation angle of the beam-forming system 4 are connected to the first, second and third inputs of the receiver 6. The output of the receiver 6 is connected to the first input of the processor 7, the navigation system 9 is connected to the second input of the processor 7, the transmitter 5 is connected to the first output of the processor 7, the output of the transmitter 5 is connected to the input of the probing signal of the beamforming system 4 , the second output of the processor 7 is the output of the command to launch the protective ammunition, the third output of the processor 7 is the output of the command to select the protective ammunition, depending on the direction of approach and the type of attacking ammunition. The processor 6 includes a timer 8.

Operates radar command formation to launch protective ammunition as follows.

The processor 7 controls the phased antenna array 1, which includes radiators 2, to which controlled phase shifters 3 are connected, in such a way as to carry out a consistent overview of the detection directions in the volume of airspace. At the same time, the volume of the observed space is located in the electric scanning sector of the PAA 1 radiation pattern, the typical size of this sector is ±45° in azimuth and elevation.

To combine the survey of space and detection of targets with automatic tracking of targets, the operation of the radar is carried out with a time division of the channel intervals of the review and tracking, and the channel intervals of the review alternate with the channel intervals of tracking in such a way as to provide an overview of the space and automatic tracking of targets [D.A. Etington, P. J. Carilas, J. D. Wright "Multifunctional Rotating Electronic Scanning Radars for Air Surveillance", TIER, vol. 73, No. 2, February, 1985, Mir, Moscow].

As an example, let's take the duration of the channel interval equal to 1 ms, the width of the radiation pattern of PAA 1 at half power in azimuth 6°, in elevation 12°. The survey of space is carried out in a sector of 90° in azimuth and 12° in elevation. To view the space, the PAR 1 beam is successively directed in 15 angular directions, and 15 channel intervals are required to view the entire sector. To provide a combined overview of space and target detection, odd timeslots are used to detect targets, and even timeslots are used to track detected targets. Based on the channel interval duration of 1 ms, the survey period in the detection mode will be 30 ms, the target access period when tracking one target will be 2 ms, in the case of tracking two targets - 4 ms, three - 6 ms.

In each time interval, at the command of the processor 7, the transmitter 5 generates a burst of probing pulse signals that are emitted by the HEADLIGHTS 1 in a certain direction of the detection zone or in the direction of the tracked target. The signals reflected from the objects are received by the emitters 2 of the HEADLIGHTS 1, through the phase shifters 3 they are fed to the beam-forming system 4, at the output of which the total signal and two difference channels of the sum-difference amplitude monopulse system are formed - the azimuth channel and the elevation angle channel. These signals are fed to the receiver 6, where they are amplified, filtered, frequency converted and analog-to-digital conversion, after which the signals are fed to the processor 7.

In processor 7, the primary processing of radar signals takes place:

- coordinated filtering of signals from each probing pulse;

- coherent accumulation of signals received from a burst of probing pulses, with determination of the Doppler frequency and selection of moving targets;

- threshold processing of signals with the selection of marks from targets against the background

noise;

- determination of signal amplitude and coordinates of primary marks (azimuth, elevation, range, radial Doppler velocity).

Moreover, to measure the azimuth and elevation angle, the angular coordinates of the PAA 1 radiation pattern directed to the next direction, and the angular coordinates of the mark from the target inside the PAA 1 radiation pattern measured by the monopulse method are used, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measuring the coordinates of the targets.

The range to the target is determined by the time delay of the reflected pulse signal relative to the probing pulse. The determination of the time delay of the signals is carried out in the processor 7 using the built-in timer 8.

Coherent accumulation of a signal from a burst of probing pulses is carried out by fast Fourier transform (FFT) of signals in each element of resolution in range. The resulting spectra are used to select moving targets and to determine the Doppler radial velocity of the target.

Using data from primary marks from targets, processor 7 performs secondary processing of radar signals:

- connection of routes and route tracking of targets;

- filtering of coordinates and prediction of target movement trajectories;

- target type recognition.

The tying of tracks and track tracking of targets is carried out using the order and time of detection of primary marks in the directions of detection, as well as data on the angular position and angular rates of rotation of the radar coming to the processor from the navigation system 9, including when the radar carrier is moving. Also, the data of the navigation system 9 is used to control the position of the phased antenna array 1 to stabilize the directions of detection in the volume of airspace.

The prediction of the trajectories of movement of targets can be carried out by filtering the coordinates of the primary marks and extrapolating the phase coordinates of the target using, for example, the Kalman filter [Farina A., Studer F. Digital processing of radar information. - M.: Radio and communication, 1993]. The processor also recognizes the type of target, for example, based on the evaluation of the EPR (according to the dependence of the signal amplitude on the range), speed, acceleration and other trajectory parameters [Nebabin V.G., Sergeev V.V. Methods and technique of radar recognition. - M.: Radio and communication, 1984]. Recognition can be carried out, for example, by the following types of targets: 1) bullets and projectiles with a caliber of less than 30 mm, 2) projectiles with a caliber of at least 30 mm, 3) high-speed sub-caliber projectiles, 4) grenades, 5) anti-tank guided missiles, 6 ) type is not defined. For example, targets with types 2, 3, 4, 5 are recognized as dangerous.

The modes of review of space and automatic tracking of targets are combined in the processor programmatically using the time division of the channel intervals of review and tracking.

For each of the tracked targets, based on the predicted trajectory of the target (attacking ammunition) and its approach speed to the protected object, the processor 7 calculates the miss of the attacking ammunition relative to the protected object, calculates the time for issuing the launch command and the command to detonate the protective ammunition, selects the protective ammunition depending on the direction of approach of the attacking munition to the protected object (if each of the protective munitions is directed to its own sector of responsibility). The processor 7 evaluates the danger of the target, taking into account the type of target and the possible miss relative to the protected object. If the target is recognized as dangerous, then upon reaching the estimated time, commands are issued to launch the selected protective ammunition. If the type of target is not dangerous, the launch of protective ammunition is prohibited.

Additionally, before issuing a command to launch, not only protective ammunition is selected depending on the direction of the approach of the target, but also the type of protective ammunition depending on the type of attacking ammunition (for example, protective fragmentation ammunition is used for target types 2, 4, 5, and for target type 3 - explosive type). At the same time, in each corner sector of responsibility, for example, two different types of protective ammunition are preliminarily installed.

The combination of the mode of viewing space and detecting targets and the mode of automatic tracking of targets, which is achieved by using a phased antenna array with electric scanning of the radiation pattern and time separation of the channel intervals of review and tracking as a radar antenna, leads to a technical result: the ability to destroy attacking ammunition when they are used in groups .

The use of target type recognition to determine the danger of an attacking ammunition leads to a technical result: a decrease in the probability of a false launch of a protective ammunition.

The choice of the type of ammunition depending on the type of target leads to a technical result: an increase in the effectiveness of the destruction of the attacking ammunition.

Claims (1)

A method for generating a command to launch a protective munition in a complex of active protection of objects, based on the use of a radar system, in which, using a radar, they survey the space and detect a target, carry out automatic target tracking, provide accurate measurement of the target's coordinates and calculate the predicted target trajectory, when the predicted target hits trajectories of the target into the contour of the protected object, the moment of launching the protective ammunition is calculated, depending on the direction of the approach of the target, a protective ammunition is selected, characterized in that the radar uses a phased antenna array with electric beam scanning as an antenna, combines the survey of space and detection of targets with automatic tracking of targets, the operation of the radar is carried out with a time division of the channel intervals of the review and tracking, alternating the channel intervals of the review with the channel intervals of tracking, while in the channel intervals in the tracking system, they point the HEADLIGHTS pattern alternately at the tracked targets, recognize and determine the types of targets, if the type of target is dangerous, then at the estimated time they issue a command to launch the selected protective ammunition, otherwise the launch of the protective ammunition is prohibited, while the type of protective ammunition is selected depending on the type of target.

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