RU2780206C2 - Method for growing root crops according to v. d. devyatkin, and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods and devices for growing root crops; it is intended for farms and gardening with a lack of land. The device for growing root crops contains a tube closed with a mesh from two sides, and a box for input of a lower end of the tube. The tube has a lid, and its is installed on height-adjustable supports. Height-movable irrigation hoses with divisions located at a distance of 20-30 cm are installed in the lid. The method for growing root crops consists in that, at the first vegetation stage, roots and leaves are grown. Planting is carried out in the upper part of the tube filled with the soil, and the lower end of the tube is placed in the box with the soil. A tube bell is installed above the horizon at an angle to the box, and irrigation is carried out alternately through hoses to the tube, staring from the first hose. At the second stage, a root crop is grown, at the same time placing the tube bell below the horizon at an angle to the box, and carrying out the irrigation through the soil to the box.

EFFECT: creation of optimal conditions for growth of root crops, provision of a possibility of control and active impact on their formation, increase in the yield, increase in size and quality of root crops due to free development of a root crop in tubes.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods and devices for growing giant root crops by creating optimal conditions for their growth, as well as controlling and actively influencing their shaping, used for daikon, celery, carrots, parsnips and other root crops and is intended for farming farms and gardening with a lack of land.

A known method of growing carrots (patent RU 2010490 C1) consists in sowing seeds before autumn according to a five-line tape pattern with selective harvesting of large root crops before winter and leaving small ones for the winter.

Its disadvantage is the increased consumption of seeds.

Known "Method of growing carrots and other plants", described in application No. 2014125289, including a cultivation column with an entrance inside.

Its disadvantage is that it is complex in structure.

Known "Penal method of growing large root crops ...", described in the patent RU 2 733 654, which consists in planting carrots in an inclined position in the compartments of the canisters.

Its disadvantage is that it does not allow you to control and regulate the shape and size of root crops.

Methods and devices that allow to control the growth of giant root crops during the growing season, as well as to regulate the shape and size of them, have not been identified.

The objective of the invention is to create a method and device that allows you to create optimal conditions for growth and active influence on the process of formation of large root crops.

The technical result of the invention is a new property, namely: an active influence on sap flow, control of the growth of root crops along the entire length, as well as the possibility of actively influencing the process of formation of the root body.

The method consists in planting root crops in inclined pipes with a split lid, which are partially filled with soil and covered with a reflective film on top, while planting seeds or seedlings is carried out at the entrance (bell), the formation of the root crop is carried out by targeted watering and top dressing along the location of the roots in according to the hose guides. The rate of development of the root crop (sap flow) is regulated by the angle of the pipe. The period from planting to the formation of the root crop according to the method of care is divided into two periods, the period of formation of roots and leaves (one third of the time) and the period of formation of the root crop (two thirds of the time).

The device consists of a pipe laid on a support at an angle with a detachable cover, at the bottom of which soil is laid along the length, covered with a film with movable hoses coming out through the holes in the cover. The support is adjustable in height, which allows you to change the angle of the pipe. Through the hoses, watering and fertilizing the plants are carried out, and the process of shaping the root crops is determined by the height of the raising of the hoses by division.

In FIG. 1 - installation during root formation; in fig. 2 - scheme of filling the pipe with soil, section A-A in Fig. one; in fig. 3 (a, b) - the scheme of the formation of root crops; in fig. 4 - installation during fruit formation.

An example of a device for carrots

The device for applying the method is prepared as follows. At the site, a height-adjustable support 1 is installed on it at an angle (for example, 15-20 degrees), a round pipe 2 with a diameter, for example, 300-400 mm and a length of 1-2 meters, is laid up with a socket, metal meshes are installed at the inlet and outlet of pipe 2 3 for protection against rodents with a cell of 10×10 mm (Fig. 1). Pipes 2 can be located on the support 1 in one or two or more rows. For each planted variety of carrots, one of the pipes 2 is equipped with means for controlling the growth and development of roots and root crops. To do this, part of the pipe 2 is cut from above and a removable cover 4 is inserted into the cut to remove the ripened root crops 5 from the pipe 2 and to control the growth process of the root crops 5 (Fig. 3). Inside the pipe 2, an opaque film 6 is laid along the entire length, which fits the inner surface of the pipe 2, preventing light from entering the pipe 2. Soil 7, for example, about 10 cm thick, is laid inside the opaque film 6 (Fig. 2). Holes are made above the soil 7 in the film 6, in which hoses 8 are fixed, which movably enter the openings of the cover 4. Divisions 9 are applied on hoses 8, and watering funnels 10 are installed on top. Hoses 8 are located at a distance of 20-30 cm (average length of roots , for example, carrots growing in 10 days). In front of the socket of the pipe 2 (upper end), a box 11 with soil for growing onions 12 is installed, which repels carrot pests. Under the pipe 2 in the space above the ground, a container 13 with water is placed, which serves to accumulate daytime solar heat and release it at night. The lower end of the pipe 2 enters a box 14 filled with soil 15, in which the roots of the plant are located. The walls, bottom and top of the box 14 are covered with a metal mesh 3 from rodents. The entire device is closed with a removable dome 16 made of a light-penetrating film 17, which creates a greenhouse effect and allows you to heat the pipes 2, the soil 15 in the box 14 and the water in the tank 13 to the optimum temperature, for example, for carrots + 20-22 degrees C. Heating temperature can be determined with a thermometer or pyrometer.

The method is carried out as follows.

For example, the cultivation of a giant carrot root crop is carried out in two stages, at the first stage, roots and leaves are grown (the period lasts about 1/3 of the entire growing season), at the second stage, the root crop is grown.

At the first stage (development of the root system and leaves), in the early spring, a dome 16 is installed above the device, due to which the root zone in the pipe 2, the soil in the box 14, the water in the tank 13 are heated, this reduces the adverse effect on the plant of fluctuations in weather conditions and daily temperatures . Seeds or seedlings are planted in the upper part of pipe 2 (bell) in soil 7, thanks to the greenhouse effect, roots in warm soil grow faster than in soil with a temperature below +18 degrees C (The optimum temperature for growth and development and for the formation of root crops varies within + 18-20 degrees C, see "Botanical characteristics and varieties of carrots", Perezhogina V., www.floriaprice.ru). First, watering is carried out through the upper end of the pipe 2 and the first hose 8, then watering is carried out through other hoses 8 alternately every 10 days until the roots grow to the box 14 with soil 15. Watered with a liquid containing top dressing and growth stimulants of roots and tops, for example, for carrots, iodine solution (see agronom.expert "What is the best way to apply to the soil when planting carrots: the secrets of a rich harvest"). The growth rate of roots 5 in length (up to box 14) is also regulated by changing the angle of inclination of pipe 2 using support 1, reducing or increasing its height. By varying the angle of inclination of the pipe 2 and the location of the soil irrigation zone 7 through the hoses 8, their optimal combination is determined for growing the planted variety of carrots. This is determined by opening the cover 4 with hoses 8 and film 6, while the surface of the soil in the pipe 2 opens, the soil 7 is carefully raked with a brush until the roots 5 of the carrot are found, the state of the root, diameter, length is determined, then everything is covered with soil and closed with a cover 4. According to the results of the inspection, the angle of inclination of the pipe 2, the mode of watering and feeding the plant are adjusted.

At the second stage, when the carrot roots pass the soil 7 of the pipe 2 and enter the soil 15 of the box 14, after the leaves (tops) and carrot roots are formed, the soil 15 is watered through the grid 3 of the box 14. At the beginning of the second stage, root formation is stimulated by squeezing the upper tips leaves. Stimulation is performed several times, for example, after a period of 10 days. Stimulation of the formation of the root crop is also carried out with the help of fertilizers, for example, "Organo-mineral fertilizer for carrots, beets and root crops" (see market.yandex.ru) or other 5 additives that increase the growth of the root crop. Watering and fertilizing the plant is carried out through the grid 3 into the soil 15 of the box 14. Such watering through the soil 15 does not cause waterlogging of the soil 7 in which the root crop 5 is formed. The soil 7 in pipe 2 becomes dry, which reduces the likelihood of root 5 rotting. During this period, pipe 2 using support 1, it is installed with a minimum angle of inclination, while the socket of the pipe 2 can be lower than the roots located in the box 14. This reduces the energy costs for the promotion of nutrients from the roots (sap flow) located in the soil 15 to the root crop 5 (energy costs for overcoming gravity) and contributes to an increase in the size of the root crop 5.

Planting in the box 11 onions 12 under the film 17 creates a concentration of onion odor in the growth zone of carrots, which is used as an insecticide that repels pests of carrots - a carrot fly.

Control over the shaping of the root crop 5 is carried out by the height of the raising of the hoses 8 by the root crops 5, according to divisions 9 on them. Irregularities on root crops 5 are eliminated by additional watering through watering funnels 10, hoses 8 to the places of unevenness of root crops 5 with nutrient solutions.

This method of planting will increase the yield, size and quality of root crops due to the free development of the root crop in the pipes, reducing the cost of transporting nutrients from the roots to the root crop (sap flow), as well as heating the root zone and creating the optimal temperature for plant development.

Claims (7)

1. A device for growing root crops, characterized in that it contains a pipe closed on both sides with a grid, and a box for entering the lower end of the pipe; divisions, located at a distance of 20-30 cm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe can deviate from the horizontal up and down. 3. A method of growing root crops using the device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the first stage of vegetation, roots and leaves are first grown, planting is carried out in the upper part of the pipe filled with soil, and the lower end of the pipe is placed in a box with soil, and the pipe socket set above the horizon at an angle to the box, watering is carried out through the hoses into the pipe alternately, starting from the first hose, at the second stage the root crop is grown, while placing the pipe socket below the horizon at an angle to the box and irrigating through the soil into the box. 4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that at the first stage of vegetation, watering through hoses into the pipe is carried out with a liquid containing top dressing with growth stimulants. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the period of time between the change of watering from one hose to another is equal to the time of root growth in length from the location of one hose to the location of the next hose. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that at the second stage of vegetation, root formation is stimulated by periodically squeezing the upper tips of the leaves. 7. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the control over the formation of the diameter of the root crop is carried out according to the height of the raising of the irrigation hoses with divisions.

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