RU2774169C1 - Separate method for harvesting fiber flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A separate method for harvesting fiber flax includes the cutting of plants by pulling machines, and simultaneously with the cutting of plants, the stems are flattened along their entire technical length, for which the pulling machine is equipped with a flattening device, while the upper edge of the flattening rollers along the length of the stems is located at the level of the upper limit of the technical length of the plants, and the rollers carry out uniform flattening of the stems only on the part of the plants where the long fiber is contained, so another part of the total length of the plant remains outside the flattening zone, on which the seed pods are located, the crushed and flattened plants are spread out in a ribbon on the field for drying flax and ripening seeds, as the flax plants dry out in the flattened stems, the process of keeping the flax straw begins, after drying and ripening the seeds of the plant ribbons are selected and the seed part of the crop is separated from the stems, the ribbon of stems treated this way is spread on the flax to continue the laying in the flax straw, in the process of laying the tape stems are wrapped, as soon as the product is ready, it is collected in packages and taken away for processing.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to shorten the preparation time of flax straw, improve the quality and increase the yield of long fiber.

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Description

The method is intended for agriculture and can be used for harvesting fiber flax.

The separate method of flax harvesting includes the following operations: pulling flax plants with spreading them on the field in a tape, drying plants in a tape with seed ripening, picking up a tape with simultaneous separation from the stems and collecting the seed part of the crop. The threshed flax straw is left in a belt to obtain trusts on a flax.

Distinguish between the total and technical length of the fiber flax plant. The total length of the plant is the distance from the place of attachment of the cotyledon leaves to the place of attachment of the uppermost seed pod of the inflorescence (70–125 cm or more). The technical length of a plant is the distance from the place of attachment of the cotyledon leaves to the beginning of the branching of the inflorescence (50...110 cm or more) [1 p. 7]. The technical part of the stem is considered the most valuable, as it gives a long fiber - the main product for which fiber flax is cultivated. The higher the stem and the longer its technical part, the more long fiber it contains. Production experience shows that even with the most thorough harvesting, flax straw cannot be uniformly cured along the entire technical length of the stems. This is due to the uneven impact of the working bodies of flax harvesters on different parts of the stems. When processing such flax straw, the yield and quality of the most valuable long fiber are reduced. Eliminate the heterogeneity of the trust along the technical length of the stem, and therefore increase the yield and improve the quality of flax fiber, is possible when harvesting flax by flattening the stems with roller flattening machines [2 p. 13].

There is a known method of harvesting fiber flax [3], including pulling plants, separating the seed part of the crop from the stems, flattening the latter before preparing the trust and wrapping the tapes, characterized in that when separately harvesting fiber flax, flattening the butt part of the stems is carried out immediately after pulling the plants, and the apex - immediately after the separation of the seed part of the crop from the stems. As a result, the process of aging of the stems in the trust is intensified in their flattened butt part. After flattening the top part of the stems, immediately after separating the seed part of the crop from them, maturation is also intensified in the top part of the stems.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of uniform flattening of the stems along their entire technical length. In this case, in most cases, the middle part of the stem will either not be flattened at all, or will be flattened twice. Such influences will cause the middle part of the plant to fall or fall, which will reduce the yield of long fiber and lower its quality.

There is a known method of harvesting fiber flax and preparing trusts [4], including pulling plants, separating seeds from stems, flattening the butt of the latter before preparing trusts, and then with a break in time of the top part and wrapping the tapes, characterized in that simultaneously with flattening the top parts produce re-flattening of the rest of the stems. After flattening the top part and repeated flattening of the rest of the stems, immediately after separating the seeds from the stems, with a separate method of harvesting flax, maturation is intensified both in the top and even more so in the butt parts of the stems.

A common disadvantage of the known separate methods for harvesting fiber flax [3, 4] is the need to equip the pulling machine and the machine for separating the seed part of the crop from the stems (pick-up thresher or pick-up stripper) with flattening devices, which increases the cost of the mechanized complex and reduces it. technical reliability.

The closest of the analogs is a separate method of harvesting fiber flax [5], including pulling plants, spreading them into a tape, drying flax in tapes with ripening seeds on the stems, selecting a flax tape, separating the seed part of the crop and flattening the stems, characterized in that in order to reduce the duration and increase the efficiency of the flax preparation process and increase the yield of long fiber, the stems are flattened simultaneously with the separation of the seed part of the crop from them. In this case, the stalk will be uniformly flattened along its entire length, and in order to implement this method, it will be necessary to equip only one machine with a flattening apparatus - a pick-up threshing machine or a pick-up stripper.

A common disadvantage of the known methods [3, 4, 5] is the need for a gap in time between pulling plants and flattening the stem along its entire technical length. With a separate method of harvesting, the marked gap in time is necessary for drying the plants and ripening seeds on them in seed pods. This process can last from five to ten days or more, after which dried plants are selected with the separation of ripened seeds from the stems. During this time, the parts of the stems flattened when the plants are pulled will be actively aged, and the non-flattened parts of the stems may not be aged at all, thereby delaying the duration of harvesting until the autumn bad weather, reducing the quality and yield of the most valuable long fiber. Therefore, it is advisable to flatten all parts of the stems at once when pulling the plants. This will make it possible to activate the process of maturation in the trust evenly along the entire technical length of the stem, starting from the earliest stages of flax harvesting, which will reduce the time of preparation of the trust, improve the quality and increase the yield of long fiber. However, if, with a separate harvesting method, all parts of the stems are simultaneously flattened along the entire total length of the plants while pulling them until the seed part of the crop is separated from the stems, this will cause irreversible loss of seeds in the form of shedding from flattened seed pods and a decrease in their sowing qualities due to damage from the conditioning rollers. Such a technique will significantly reduce the efficiency of a separate method of harvesting fiber flax and, therefore, is unacceptable.

The claimed invention is aimed at reducing the time of preparation of flaxseed trust, improving the quality and increasing the yield of long fiber.

In the proposed separate method of harvesting fiber flax, including pulling plants, spreading them into a tape, drying flax in tapes with ripening seeds on the stems, picking up a flax tape and flattening the stems while separating the seed part of the crop from them, flattening the stems is carried out along the entire technical length plants simultaneously with the pulling of the latter, without crushing the other part of the total length of the plants, on which the seed pods are located.

With a separate method of harvesting fiber flax, the plants are pulled by pulling machines. Simultaneously with the pulling of plants, the stems are flattened along their entire technical length. To do this, the pulling machine is equipped with a flattening apparatus. The upper edge of the flattening rollers (along the length of the stems) is located at the level of the upper limit of the technical length of the plants. Therefore, the rollers carry out a uniform crushing of the stems only on that part of the plants where the long fiber is contained. Thus, outside the conditioning zone, another part of the total length of the plant remains, on which the seed pods are located. Such an arrangement of the crushing zone excludes the destruction of the seed bolls and damage to the seed material by the crushing rollers, as well as the loss of seeds from shedding from the destroyed bolls. The pulled out and flattened plants are spread in a ribbon on the field for the flax to dry and the seeds to ripen. As the flax plants dry in flattened stems, the process of maturation in the trust begins. After the seeds have dried and ripened, the plant strips are picked up and the seed part of the crop is separated from the stems using pick-up threshers or pick-up strippers. The tape of stems processed in this way is spread on a flax to continue aging in the trust. In the process of maturation, the ribbons of the stems are wrapped. As soon as the products are ready, they are collected in packages and taken away for processing.

In the proposed separate method of harvesting fiber flax, simultaneously with the pulling of plants, the stems are flattened along their entire technical length, and the area where the seed pods are located on the plants will not be flattened, which is required for the ripening of seeds and preventing their loss from shedding from destroyed bolls. Thus, with a separate method of harvesting fiber flax, due to the simultaneous flattening of all parts of the technical length of the stems, cracks will appear in their structure. Due to this, the drying of plants and the process of aging in the trust will occur more intensively and evenly along the entire technical length of the stem. Since all parts of the stem containing fiber are flattened when the plants are pulled, the maturation in the trust will begin at the earliest and most favorable time, which will shorten the preparation time of the trust and reduce the likelihood of delaying harvesting until autumn bad weather. In addition, to implement the claimed method, it will be necessary to equip only the pulling machine with a flattening apparatus. When processing trusts obtained using the proposed method, the quality will increase and the output of long fiber will increase.

List of sources used:

1. Trush M.M., Karpunin F.M. Reference book of flax grower. - L .: Agropromizdat, 1985. - 240 p., ill.

2. Kovalev M.M., Kozlov V.P. Flattening apparatus of flax harvesters (design, theory, calculation): Monograph. - Tver regional book and magazine publishing house, 2002. - 208 p.

3. Patent 2119279 RF MKI A01D 45/06. The method of harvesting fiber flax / N.A. Smirnov, A.N. Zintsov, V.N. Sokolov, No. 94018020/13, Appl. 05/17/1994, publ. 09/27/1998, Bull. No. 27.

4. Patent 2192115 RF MKI A01D 45/06. The method of harvesting fiber flax and preparing trusts / N.A. Smirnov, A.N. Zintsov, V.N. Sokolov, No. 2000117566/13, Appl. 07/03/2000, publ. November 10, 2002, Bull. No. 31.

5. Patent 2019950 RF MKI A01D 45/06. Separate method of harvesting fiber flax / N.A. Smirnov, A.N. Zintsov, P.A. Martynov. No. 4918510/15, app. 03/12/1991, publ. 09/30/1994, Bull. No. 18.

Claims (1)

A separate method for harvesting fiber flax, including pulling plants, spreading them into a tape, drying flax in tapes with seeds ripening on stems, picking up a flax tape and flattening stems with simultaneous separation of the seed part of the crop from them, characterized in that it includes pulling plants with pulling machines , and simultaneously with the pulling of plants, the stems are flattened along their entire technical length, for which the pulling machine is equipped with a flattening apparatus, while the upper edge of the flattening rollers along the length of the stems is located at the level of the upper limit of the technical length of the plants, and the rollers carry out uniform flattening of the stems only on that parts of plants where long fiber is contained, thus another part of the total length of the plant remains outside the flattening zone, on which the seed pods are located, the pulled and flattened plants are spread in a ribbon on the field for the flax to dry and the seeds to ripen, as the flax plants dry in the flattened stem In the pits, the process of aging in the trust begins, after the seeds have dried and ripened, the tape of plants is picked up and separated from the seed part of the crop from the stems using pick-up threshers or pick-up-strippers, the tape of stems treated in this way is spread on the flax to continue aging in the trust, in the process of aging the tape stems are wrapped, as soon as the products are ready, they are collected in packages and taken away for processing.