RU2322786C1 - Method for harvesting of fiber flax - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, fiber flax harvesting process.

SUBSTANCE: method involves pulling flax stems; combing seed balls and spreading combed stems into strip. Stem pulling process is carried out at early yellow stage. Combing process is provided by pulling seed balls from stem in conjunction with flower heads followed by natural drying and additional ripening of seeds in balls.

EFFECT: provision for producing of high-quality seeds and flax fibers regardless of weather conditions.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used when harvesting flax flax.

A known method of harvesting flax flax (Chernikov VG Machines for harvesting flax. M: Publishing House. INFRA-M, 1999. From 24-27), including pulling flax, followed by stripping of seed bolls, collecting a heap and spreading flax straws on a flax. After receiving the trusts, they pick it up, press it into bales or rolls and transport it to the flax mill. Heap is dried and processed on a seed cleaning machine.

The disadvantage of this method of harvesting flax is as follows. Flax flaxing begins either in early yellow ripeness or in yellow. In the first case, high-quality fiber is obtained, but low-quality seeds due to their underripening, in the second, high-quality seeds, but low-quality fiber due to lignification of the fiber in the stems in yellow ripeness. In addition, this method of harvesting is associated with high costs for drying heaps in tumble dryers.

There is a method of harvesting flax flax (Chernikov VG Machines for harvesting flax. M: Publishing House. INFRA-M, 1999. C 24-27, prototype), including flailing of flax and spread it on the field for natural drying and ripening seeds on the stems. The dried tape is lifted and threshed, and the straws are again spread on the linen. After receiving the trusts, it is raised, pressed into bales or rolls and transported to the flax mill. The resulting heap is processed on a seed cleaning machine.

This method allows to obtain high-quality seeds and high-quality flax fiber in ideal favorable weather conditions, which are absent in the Russian flax growing zone.

Even under relatively favorable weather conditions, the process of seed ripening in the tape, which occurs during separate flax harvesting, and aging of the trusts are not time-related. The drier the weather, the faster the seeds ripen and the aging process is slower, and vice versa. The conditions for the ripening of seeds in unmilled (or unkempt) tape are far from ideal. Firstly, relative air humidity in the subsoil horizon of 0-20 cm is always 2-2.5 times higher than at a height of 1 meter. And if you take into account that the seeds in this phase have a rather high percentage of physiological moisture, the ripening process stretches for a significantly longer period. In addition, the process of ripening seeds in the tape is not the same. Boxes of plants located on top dry faster, but often crack and lose seeds. Seeds from the boxes of the lower layer retain moisture for much longer, and in rainy weather, when nailed to the ground, they simply sprout. Considering that in the Russian flax growing zone of 5 years on average three are rainy, the risk of seed loss from germination in the tape is very high. Loss of seeds during separate cleaning is also higher due to the need to make an additional pass along the tape, and this will inevitably entail shedding of seeds, and the ripenest ones.

It is known that even in dry years, the moisture content of seeds from an unkempt tape does not fall below 15%, and the GOST "Flax Seeds. Sowing qualities" has a maximum humidity of 12% for seeds of grades 1-11. This means that heaps from crops harvested by separate technology will still have to be dried, or rather dried.

The problem solved by this invention is to develop a method of harvesting flax flax, providing high-quality seeds and flax fiber, regardless of weather conditions.

The object of the invention is solved by the fact that in a method for harvesting flax flax, including pulling stalks of flax, combed seed bolls and spread the combed stems into a ribbon, pulling the stalks of flax is carried out in the stage of early yellow ripeness, and scraping the seed bolls is carried out by tearing them from the stems with inflorescence followed by natural drying and ripening of seeds in boxes.

Fumigation of flax stems in the stage of early yellow ripeness makes it possible to obtain high-quality flax fiber, since during this period the fiber in the stems is fully formed, and lignification of elementary fibers has not yet begun.

Separation of the seed bolls from the stems together with the inflorescence allows you to get high-quality seeds, since the inflorescences retain the nutrients necessary for the natural ripening of seeds. A heap containing inflorescences does not occupy a large area, and it can be placed under a canopy or indoors, which allows cleaning regardless of weather conditions in any flax growing area. Thus, the proposed method of harvesting flax flax allows you to get high-quality flax fiber and seeds, regardless of weather conditions.

The technical result obtained from the solution of the problem lies in the stable supply of seed farms with seed, the pharmaceutical industry and food - with raw materials for the preparation of medicines and food products enriched with vegetable protein, and textile and sewing - with raw materials for the production of high-quality fabrics and clothing , linen, etc.

The claimed method of harvesting flax flax is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the technological scheme of the claimed method of harvesting flax; figure 2 - combine for the implementation of the proposed method of cleaning; figure 3 is the same, view along arrow A; figure 4 is a diagram of stripping stalks of flax with a slotted blade; figure 5 is the same, a section bB.

The method of harvesting flax flax includes the following operations:

- pulling flax stems in the stage of early yellow ripeness;

- tow of seed bolls by tearing them from the stems along with the inflorescence, followed by natural drying and ripening of seeds in bolls on the inflorescence;

- spread the combed stalks of flax into a ribbon.

Harvesting flax flax by the proposed method is as follows.

Flax is teased in the early yellow stage of ripeness, followed by stripping of seed bolls by tearing them from the stems along with an inflorescence, collecting a heap and spreading flax straws on the flax. After receiving the trusts, it is raised, pressed into bales or rolls and transported to the flax mill. High-quality fiber is obtained from flax that has been harvested at the stage of earlier yellow ripeness. The resulting heap containing inflorescences is transported from the field and placed under a canopy or indoors for natural drying and ripening of seeds in boxes on the inflorescence. From the heap obtained in this way, after processing, high-quality seeds are obtained.

The proposed method of cleaning can be carried out, for example, using the device shown in Fig.2-5.

Flax harvester includes dividers 1, top-lifting apparatus 2, transverse conveyor 3, clamping conveyor 4, stripper 5 with slotted blades 6, hopper heap 7, laying device 8. Slotted blade 6 of stripper 5 includes a detachable plate consisting of two identical halves 9 and 10 and having a gap 11 along the axis of symmetry. Slotted blade 6 is mounted on a drum or conveyor.

Flax harvester works as follows.

When the unit moves along the field, the flax harvester pulls the flax and combes the seed bolls together with the inflorescences with a combing device 5 with slotted blades 6. The combed stems are fed to the laying device 6, and the heap is collected in the hopper 7.

The process of combing the stalks of flax with the scapula 6 is as follows. The slotted blade 6, mounted on a drum or conveyor, moves at a speed of V _l greater than the speed V _{mp of the} clamping conveyor 4, where the stripped flax stalks are clamped. When meeting with the stem mass, the slot 11 covers their apical part, grabs a portion of the stems and, with further movement of the scapula 6, pulls them through the slot space 11. In this case, the flax stems are collected in a bundle under the action of friction and inertia, wedged in the slot space 11 and, being overwhelmed for halves 9 and 10, come off together with inflorescences.

The proposed method of cleaning allows you to get high-quality flax fiber and seeds, regardless of weather conditions.

Claims (1)

A method of harvesting flax flax, including pulling flax stalks, combing seed bolls and spreading the combed stems into a ribbon, characterized in that pulling flax stalks is carried out in the stage of early yellow ripeness, and towing the seed bolls is carried out by tearing them from the stems along with the inflorescence followed by natural flowering drying and ripening seeds in boxes.

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