RU2773829C1 - Method for applying herbicides during drip irrigation of gardens and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to the field of agriculture. The method consists in the introduction of herbicides during drip irrigation of gardens. Two wells with a diameter of 0.05-0.06 m and a depth of 0.25-0.30 m are made at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m from the trunk on both sides of each tree. A device for applying a herbicide is installed in each of the wells. Then a drip irrigation system is mounted, placing droppers on these devices, and water is supplied, moistening the soil in a layer with a depth of 0.15-0.30 m to 93-95% HB. Next, a herbicide is placed in the device, which is moved by a current of irrigation water into the soil layer to a depth of 0.10-0.15 m, while the moisture content of this layer is adjusted to 75-77% HB. The device for implementing the above method contains a cylindrical perforated container, consisting of two parts - an upper height of 0.12-0.15 m and a lower height of 0.15-0.30 m, equipped with a waterproof bottom and a geotextile filter. The outer diameter of the lower part of the container is equal to the inner diameter of the upper one, in which an axle with a knee connected by rods with a perforated cup, the outer diameter of which is 0.5-1.0 mm less than the inner diameter of the upper part of the container, is installed. Perforation is made only in the lower half of the glass, and an elastic seal is attached to its bottom. The upper part of the container has a conical lid with a hole in the middle, equipped with flexible clamps for the drip pipeline.

EFFECT: root action herbicide is applied above the location of the absorbing tree roots, destroying the seedlings and roots of weeds, in addition, the intrasoil distribution of the herbicide makes it possible to work in the garden immediately after its application.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the destruction of predominantly perennial grass weeds in orchards irrigated by drip.

The essence of the problem lies in the fact that during drip irrigation of gardens in the zone of moistening of the dropper, there is a sharp increase in weed infestation with perennial root shoots and rhizomatous cereal weeds, which take a significant part of the water supplied from the droppers and the fertilizers applied with it. Their destruction with the help of tilled mechanisms is associated with the risk of damage to the drip irrigation network. Manual weeding is not very effective due to the rapid growth of new shoots due to the preservation of a powerful root system, in addition, it requires a lot of manual labor.

A known method for the destruction of weeds in gardens irrigated by drip, including the treatment of near-trunk strips 0.5 m wide with herbicides (Badtieva Z.S., Gazloeva L.Ch., Basiev S.S./Basic elements of intensive technology for the cultivation of apple plantations/ Vladikavkaz , 2015, C 23.). The disadvantage of this method is the risk of damage to plants when weeds are treated with continuous herbicides. When applying selective soil herbicides, they must be embedded to a depth of at least 5 cm, which is associated with unnecessary labor costs. The application rate of the herbicide in the continuous treatment of the strip is 25-30 kg/ha, while the droppers moisten only half of its area. Thus, half of the herbicides are in dry soil, where their effectiveness is sharply reduced.

The closest proposed is a method of introducing herbicides during drip irrigation together with irrigation water, by introducing a solution of the drug into the irrigation current using hydro-feeding equipment and distributing the drug on the wetted area through droppers. (/Drip irrigation/ Electronic resource: kaicc.ru.>novoe-v-apk/ peredovoj-opyt.…orochenie/ accessed 09/01/2021).

The disadvantage of this method is the distribution of the herbicide applied with water through droppers over the soil surface. Preparations of contact continuous action with such an application do not fall on the surface of the weeds and cannot destroy them. For the destruction of perennial grass weeds, selective soil herbicides are most effective. Soil selective herbicides after application must be covered with a layer of soil of at least 5 cm. Otherwise, they will be destroyed by sunlight. With mechanized backfilling of the applied herbicide, there is a risk of damage to the pipeline and droppers. Manual backfilling with a hoe requires a significant amount of manual labor and is also associated with the risk of damage to the tubes with droppers. In addition, according to safety requirements, manual work in the garden after applying the herbicide to the soil surface can be carried out only after a few days. Such a break leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of herbicides.

These shortcomings can be eliminated by the method of applying herbicides during drip irrigation of gardens, in which, according to the proposed invention, at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m from the trunk, on both sides of each tree, two wells are made with a diameter of 0.05-0.06 m, a depth of 0, 25-0.30 m, a device for applying a herbicide is installed in each of them, then a drip irrigation system is mounted, placing droppers on these devices, and water is supplied, moistening the soil in a layer with a depth of 0.15-0.30 m to 93- 95% HB, after which a herbicide is placed in the device, which is moved by a current of irrigation water into the soil layer to a depth of 0.10-0.15 m, while the humidity of this layer is adjusted to 75-77% HB.

A device for implementing the proposed method, including a cylindrical perforated container, consisting of two parts - an upper height of 0.12-0.15 m and a lower one, a height of 0.15-0.30 m, equipped with a waterproof bottom and a geotextile filter, and the outer diameter the lower part of the container is equal to the inner diameter of the upper part, in which there is an axle with a knee connected by rods with a perforated cup, the outer diameter of which is 0.5-1.0 mm less than the inner diameter of the upper part of the tank, while the perforation is made only in the lower half of the cup, and an elastic seal is attached to its bottom, in addition, the upper part of the container has a conical lid with a hole in the middle, equipped with flexible clamps for the drip pipeline.

A new technical result from the application of the proposed method is that the application of a root-acting herbicide with the supply of water from droppers above the area where the absorbing tree roots are located using the proposed device makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of the herbicide and prevent damage to the tree roots. The subsurface spreading of the herbicide ensures that garden work can be carried out immediately after its application.

The essence of the proposal is illustrated by the drawing, where in Fig. 1 shows a tree and two devices for applying herbicides with a fragment of a pipeline with droppers attached to them; in fig. 2 shows a device for applying herbicides in a vertical section when moistening a soil layer of 0.15-0.30 m, in the area where tree roots are located; in fig. 3 shows a device for applying herbicides in a vertical section when introducing a herbicide into a soil layer of 0.10-0.15 m, located above the area where absorbent tree roots are located;

On an irrigated area along a row of fruit trees 1 in the soil at a distance of 0.8-1.0 m from the trunk, two wells 4 with a depth of 0.25-0.30 m were made on both sides of each tree. The depth of the well depends on the degree of cultivation of the soil layer. It is the deeper, the more powerful the fertile layer of soil in the garden. The distance between the tree and the well depends on the mechanical properties of the soil - it is less on light sandy and sandy soils, and more on heavy clay and loamy soils. A device 5 for applying herbicide is installed in each well 4. Each device 5 is made in the form of a perforated cylindrical container, consisting of a lower part 6 with a waterproof bottom 7 and a geotextile filter 8, and an upper part 9, where a shaft 10 is installed with a knee 11 connected by rods 12 with a perforated cup 13, the outer diameter of which is 0 .5-1.0 mm less than the inner diameter of the upper part of the container 9, and the bottom 14 is provided with an elastic seal 15. The perforation is made only in the lower half of the walls of the glass. The upper part of the container 9 is provided with a lid 16 of a conical shape with a recess 17, in the middle of which there is a hole 18 with a diameter of 8-10 mm. The cover has flexible clamps 19 of the pipeline 2. The shaft 10 is equipped with a lever 20. Two soil moisture sensors are installed at a distance of 0.15-0.20 m from the device 5, the first sensor 21 is located in a soil layer of 0.15-0.30 m, and the second sensor 22 is in a layer of 0.10-0.15 m from the surface. Then, a drip irrigation pipeline 2 is laid along a row of trees, placing droppers 3 on devices 5, and water is supplied, moistening the soil in a layer 0.15-0.30 m deep to 93-95% HB, after which a herbicide is placed in the device, which the flow of irrigation water is moved into the soil layer to a depth of 0.10-0.15 m, while the moisture content of this layer is adjusted to 75-77% HB.

The implementation of the proposed method of applying herbicides during drip irrigation of the garden using a device developed for this purpose will be considered using the example of an industrial garden planted according to the 2x4 m scheme, after planting plowing with the application of organic fertilizers, which ensured an increase in soil fertility to a depth of 0.30 m. trees is 2 m, and the row spacing is 4 m. The soil on the site is medium loamy. The main mass of absorbing roots is located in the soil layer 0.15-0.30 m from the surface. Based on the water-physical properties of the soil and deep application of organic fertilizers, before installing the drip irrigation system at a distance of 0.6 m from the trunk, on both sides of each tree 1, two wells 4 are made, with a diameter of 0.05-0.06 m, a depth of 0, 30 m and install devices 5 in them for applying herbicide with a height of 0.33 m. At the same time, their upper edge is placed 0.03 m above the ground. When laying pipeline 2 along a row of trees 1, droppers 3 are placed on the surface of covers 10, and pipeline 2 is fixed with flexible clamps 18. Levers 20 are set in a horizontal position. Before applying the herbicide, the root-inhabited soil layer is moistened at a depth of 15-30 cm to 93-95% HB. When the lever 20 is in the horizontal position, the knee 11 is in the upper position, and the rods 12 keep the glass 13 suspended above the lower part 6 of the device 5. During irrigation, water from the dropper 3 enters the recess 17 and flows through the hole 18 to the bottom 14 of the glass 13 , and from it through a gap of 0.5-1.0 mm between the walls of the glass 13 and the upper part 9 of the device 5 to the lower part 6 of this device to the bottom 7. From here, passing through its perforation and filter 8, water enters the soil layer 0.15-0.30 m. When the sensor 20 indicates that the soil moisture in this layer reaches 94% HB, the herbicide is applied.

When applying the herbicide, the operator passes along the pipeline 2 and moves the levers 20 to a vertical position. In this case, the shaft 10 rotates, moving the knee 11 to the lower position, and using the rods 12 lowers the glass 13, setting its bottom 14 on the upper edge of the lower part 6 of the device 5. In this case, the seal 15 blocks the flow of water into the lower part 6 of the device 5. Water , passing through the perforation in the lower half of the wall of the cup 13 and the upper part 9 of the device 5, is absorbed by the soil and moves through the capillaries in the soil layer of 0.10-0.15 m. Water from the dropper 3, entering the conical recess 17, dissolves the herbicide, this solution flows through the hole 18 to the bottom of the glass 13. As it enters the bottom of the glass from the dropper, the water with the herbicide dissolved in it moves through the capillaries of the soil layer 0.10- 0.15 m. The conical shape of the recess 17 ensures the complete transfer of the herbicide to the bottom of the cup 13. The absence of perforation in the upper half of the cup 13 prevents watering with herbicide above this soil layer. The water supply from the droppers 3 is continued until the sensor 21 shows the achievement of a humidity level of 75% HB. After reaching this level of humidity, watering is stopped. Since the humidity in the 0.10-0.15 m layer is lower than in the 0.15-0.30 m layer, the possibility of herbicide getting into this soil layer, where the main mass of absorbing tree roots is located, is prevented. After stopping irrigation, the operator passes along the pipeline 2 and moves the levers 20 to a horizontal position, raising the bottom 14 of the cup 13 above the surface of the lower part 6 of the device 5. Following the introduction of the herbicide, irrigation is carried out with water supplied through the walls of the lower part 6 of the device 5 into soil layer 0 ,15-0.30 m, where the main mass of absorbing tree roots is located 1. If it is necessary to re-apply the herbicide, all the described operations are repeated.

Devices 5 are installed permanently and used for several years, protecting them from clogging in the winter with shelters made of polymeric materials.

Thus, the application of the proposed method of applying herbicides during drip irrigation of gardens using the proposed device allows, simultaneously with the supply of water from droppers, the application of a root-acting herbicide above the location of absorbing tree roots with the formation of a soil layer containing a herbicide that destroys seedlings and roots of weeds. This ensures the destruction of weeds in the area of irrigation of the dropper without damaging the roots of the tree, in addition, the intrasoil distribution of the herbicide makes it possible to work in the garden immediately after its application.

Claims (2)

1. A method of applying herbicides during drip irrigation of gardens, characterized in that at a distance of 0.5-0.8 m from the trunk on both sides of each tree, two wells are made with a diameter of 0.05-0.06 m, a depth of 0.25-0 30 m, a device for applying a herbicide is installed in each of them, then a drip irrigation system is installed, placing droppers on these devices, and water is supplied, moistening the soil in a layer with a depth of 0.15-0.30 m to 93-95% HB , after which a herbicide is placed in the device, which is moved by a current of irrigation water into the soil layer to a depth of 0.10-0.15 m, while the moisture content of this layer is adjusted to 75-77% HB. 2. A device for implementing the method according to claim 1, including a cylindrical perforated container, consisting of two parts - an upper height of 0.12-0.15 m and a lower height of 0.15-0.30 m, equipped with a waterproof bottom and a geotextile filter , moreover, the outer diameter of the lower part of the container is equal to the inner diameter of the upper one, in which an axle with a knee connected by rods with a perforated glass is installed, the outer diameter of which is 0.5-1.0 mm less than the inner diameter of the upper part of the container, while the perforation is made only in the lower half of the glass, and an elastic seal is attached to its bottom, in addition, the upper part of the container has a conical lid with a hole in the middle, equipped with flexible clamps for the drip pipeline.

Images