RU2343681C1 - Device used for applying, together with irrigation water, microelements, chemical ameliorants, herbicides, pesticides and macro-fertilisers in drip irrigation systems, mobile round- and front-directed irrigation machines, and in multi-support position-directed irrigation machines of front movement - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry; mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: device consists of free-flow capacity, level meter, inlet and outlet connection pipes, distributing pipeline, shutter, pressure control, fine filter with pressure gauges, and venture tube with shutoff valves. Outlet connection pipe of free-flow capacity is installed therein so that it can move along its height thus increasing or decreasing the level of solution by means of a float. The latter has the possibility of filling the cavity with ballast. The float is made in the form of a flat ring with a hole made in the centre. In the lower plane of the float there arranged are stops made in the form of racks used for restricting the extreme lower position at the bottom of free-flow capacity. The end of a flexible hose of the outlet connection pipe is fixed in the float hole by means of elastic rings.

EFFECT: uniform distribution of liquid macro-fertilisers, chemical ameliorants, microelements, pesticides and herbicides in the irrigated area, and increase in productivity of agricultural crops used in irrigated agriculture.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to irrigated agriculture, mainly to devices for preparing solutions of mineral fertilizers, trace elements, chemical improvers, herbicides and feeding them into flexible irrigation pipelines with droppers embedded in their cavities into the water pipelines of positional irrigation machines and continuous movement , in the water supply pipelines of sprinkling machines of circular and frontal action.

Known hydrofeed for irrigation devices, including a fertilizer hopper, a metering chamber, a mixing chamber, nets for filtering soluble fertilizers, a float level regulator, supply and outlet pipelines and valves, in which, to regulate the amount of fertilizer in the solution, the sprinkler chamber is equipped with a movable and fixed disks with radial grooves mounted under the mesh bottom of the hopper, and a multi-stage nozzle mounted on the conical bottom of the chamber; in order to create a continuous vortex flow, the inlet and outlet nozzles of the mixing chamber are arranged tangentially to the bunker wall (SU copyright certificate No. 193805, IPC АСС 23/04. Hydraulic feeding for sprinkler installations / S.F. Rudnik, BC Novokhatsky (USSR) .-- Application No. 933374 / 30-15; filed December 11, 1964; publ. March 13, 1967, Bull. No. 7).

The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder in relation to the problem we are solving - the uniform distribution of trace elements, herbicides, pesticides, chemical ameliorants and macro fertilizers on the surface of the irrigated area both with drip irrigation and sprinkling - include low operational reliability, a high degree of uneven distribution of introduced trace elements and fertilizers, excessive complexity design and high labor costs for the preparation of the mother liquor.

Also known is a hydraulic feeder for sprinkler machines, including a hopper, in the lower part of which there is a mixing chamber with inlet and outlet pipes, in which, in order to eliminate the zones of fertilizer accumulation in the mixing chamber, the pipes are located in close proximity and parallel to each other, and between them a radial baffle is installed in the mixing chamber (SU copyright certificate No. 385550, M. cl. А01С 23/04. Hydraulic feeding for sprinkler machines / S.S. Vaneyan (USSR). - Application No. 1719086 / 30-15; filed on 11/26/1971; publ. 14.0 6.1973, Bull. No. 26).

The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder to this problem include an unacceptably high degree of uneven distribution of dissolved mineral fertilizers. Doses of fertilizers are set on the "eye".

In addition to those described, a hydrofeeder for sprinkling (DMF "Fregat") and irrigation machines is known, in which, in order to improve the operation of the feeding device when pesticides or liquid fertilizers are added to the irrigation water, the diaphragm pump contains a block of additional cylinders with a differential piston located in it, and the over-piston cavity the small additional cylinder is constantly in communication with the pressure pipe of the machine, and the supra-piston cavity of the large additional cylinder is connected through valves with the pressure pipe of the machine and the chamber diaphragm pump, while the block of additional cylinders is arranged to move parallel to its axis relative to the pump casing and in the block of additional cylinders there is an annular cavity communicating through a three-way valve, a pump discharge chamber with a pressure pipe of the machine and a supply capacity (SU copyright certificate No. 1336970 A2 M.Kl. А01С 23/04 Feed dresser for irrigation and irrigation machines / Yu.D. Krasilnikov, M. L. Tsentsiper (USSR). - Application No. 3902499 / 30-15; claimed 05/23/1985; publ. 09/15/1987, Bull. No. 34).

The disadvantages of the described feeder, designed for feeding dissolved macro fertilizers into multi-support circular sprinklers of the Frigate models, are the high uneven distribution of fertilizers on the surface of the irrigated round section.

Also known is a hydraulic feed loader for sprinkler machines, in which, in order to increase the reliability and uniformity of the supply of liquid fertilizers to irrigation water, the metering pump is equipped with an additional booster tube with a shock valve installed parallel to the main one, both shock valves mounted on a common axis and connected between each other a spring-loaded limiter of the angle of divergence between them, made in the form of a rod with stops at the ends (SU author's certificate No. 1428248 A2, M. class. АСС 23/04. Hydraulic feeding device to virgin cars / T.P. Evsyukov, L.G. Netetsky, V.I. Pastukhov, G.V. Fesenko (USSR) - Application No. 4207395 / 30-15; announced on 03/10/1987; publ. 07.10.1988, Bull. No. 37).

The disadvantages of the described feedman include a high degree of uneven distribution of fertilizers due to the frequency of their supply to the pressure pipe (2).

In addition to those described in the patent documentation, a hydraulic feeder for irrigation machines is known, including a pressureless fertilizer tank with internal walls, the upper parts of which are equipped with a mesh for filtering the fertilizer mixture, a supply pipe connected to the lower part of the tank’s internal cavity, and a discharge pipe communicated with the cavity between the internal and the outer walls of the fertilizer tank, in which, in order to improve the dissolution of fertilizers and increase the productivity of the hydraulic feeder by creating one of ascending and centrifugal flows, the lower part of the inner cavity of the fertilizer tank is made in the form of a cone with a hemispherical convex perforated base, and the inlet pipe is divided into two pipes, one of which is connected by the top of the cone and the other is tangential to the inner wall of the tank’s inner cavity the level of the top of the base of the cone; the cross-sectional areas of the central and tangent nozzles are in a 2: 1 ratio (SU copyright certificate No. 1431705 A1, M. Cl. ⁴ A01C 23/04. Hydraulic feeding for irrigation machines / AM Larionova, BC Nikitin, N.V. Mikhalev, A.G. Martynov (USSR) .- Application No. 4155906 / 30-15; announced on 10/20/1986; publ. 10/23/1988, Bull. No. 39).

Despite the two-stage preparation of the mother liquor, the described hydraulic feeder has a low productivity and a high degree of uneven mixing of fertilizers with irrigation water.

Known hydrofeeder for sprinkler and irrigation machines, in which, in order to increase the productivity of the hydrofeed by improving the supply of washed fertilizers from the hopper to the pressureless tank, the tubes are equipped with gable cowls and placed in tiers along the height of the hopper, with the outer diameters of the tubes and the diameters of the holes in them, the sizes of cowls , as well as the distance between the tubes in each tier and between the tiers made decreasing as you approach the bottom of the hopper; it is equipped with an additional slot lattice and a thrust with a screw mechanism, and the elements of the additional slot lattice are located between the elements of the main slot lattice and connected to the rod, while the width of the base elements of the additional slot lattice is not less than the width of the slots of the main slot lattice (SU copyright certificate No. 1477291 A2, M. Cl. ⁴ А01С 23/04 Hydro-feeder for sprinkler and irrigation machines / T.P. Evsyukov, G.V. Fesenko, V.I. Pastukhov, L.G. Netetsky (USSR) - Application No. 4241749/30 -15; claimed 05/08/1987; publ. 05/07/1989, Bull. No. 17).

The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder in relation to the problem to be solved include design complexity, low operational reliability, high maintenance costs.

A known installation for applying liquid fertilizers with irrigation water, including a tank hydraulically connected to the pressure irrigation pipe by an ejector input and an inlet pipe in its upper part, in which, in order to increase the reliability of the device, expand the range of applications, the tank is equipped with horizontal section of a flat partition placed on the interface of liquid fertilizers with water with the possibility of its movement along the height of the tank, with the average bulk density awn septum material is less than the density of liquid fertilizer, but the density of water; in order to improve the accuracy of monitoring the flow rate of liquid fertilizers, it is equipped with a level gauge in the form of a tubular vessel hydraulically connected to the tank, in which a partition identical to the tank partition is placed (SU copyright certificate No. 1482568 A1, M. Cl. ⁴ A01C 23/04. Installation for making liquid fertilizer with irrigation water / R.P. Zadneprovsky (USSR) - Application No. 4144412 / 30-15; claimed on 11/10/1986; publ. 05/30/1989, Bull. No. 20).

The disadvantages of the described installation for applying liquid fertilizers include the large non-production costs of irrigation water discharged into the drainage, and a low degree of uniformity of the fertilizers introduced due to the lack of both control equipment and the apparatuses themselves.

Also known is a hydraulic feeder for differential fertilizer application, comprising a storage tank, connecting pipes, shutoff and control valves and a compressor, in which, with the aim of fertilizing in various irrigation zones and simplifying the design of the hydraulic feeder, the compressor is installed on the main pipeline, which is equipped with an air selection manifold, wherein the manifold conduit is connected to storage tank (SU inventor's certificate №1501951 A1, M. Cl. ⁴ A01S 23/04. Gidropodkormschik for differents application of fertilizers / T.P. Yevsyukov, A.D. Kalyuzhny, T.P. Kotelevets, P.F. Rudenko (USSR) - Application No. 4278843 / 30-15; claimed on 05/15/1987; published on 08/23/1989 Bull. No. 31).

The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder include the complexity of the design, the need for a compressor and electrical power supply voltage of 380 V. The described hydraulic feeder does not guarantee a uniform distribution of introduced fertilizers on the irrigated surface.

Known hydraulic feed for irrigation and irrigation machines, containing installed on the discharge pipe capacity for liquid fertilizers, membranes, pumps and hydraulic pipe in the form of a cylinder divided by a saddle into two cavities, and a shock valve with a rod, in which, in order to increase productivity and metering accuracy fertilizers, the hydraulic line is equipped with a pulse chamber with a spring-loaded membrane connected to the cavities of the cylinder, and the end of the shock channel rod is placed in the pulse chamber with the possibility of interaction with its membrane and equipped with an adjusting washer (SU author's certificate No. 1510755 A1, M. Cl. ⁴ A01C 23/04. Hydraulic feeding system for sprinkler and irrigation machines / V.Ya. Gorin, TP Evsyukov, A.D. Kolyuzhny , T.P. Kotelevets, P.F. Rudenko, N.V. Slonovsky (USSR) - Application No. 4363884 / 30-15; claimed on 01/13/1988; publ. 09/30/1989, Bull. No. 36).

The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder, despite the presence of a diaphragm pump and hydraulic shock drive, include a high degree of uneven distribution of fertilizers both along the length of the water supply pipeline and on the surface of the irrigated area.

A well-known hydraulic feeder for irrigation machines, containing a container with inlet and outlet pipes, the inlet and outlet ends of which are turned in opposite directions and are located in the pressure irrigation pipe so that the inlet end of the supply pipe is directed against the water flow, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of the distribution of the solution fertilizers along the cross section of the pressure pipe, the output end of the discharge pipe is equipped with a nozzle made of concentrically arranged in one a plane of perforated annular pipelines with a semicircular cross-section, and a conical bottom with rows of holes of different diameters mounted on the output end of the outlet pipe, and the rows of holes of the conical bottom are respectively connected to the perforated ring pipelines by radial pipelines, inclined at different angles to the axis of the pressure pipe, flat perforated surface of annular pipelines is located in the direction of water flow; radial pipelines connecting the conical bottom with annular perforated pipelines of large diameter have a greater angle of inclination to the axis of the pressure pipe and are connected to holes located closer to the output end of the discharge pipe; the rows of holes located closer to the top of the conical bottom have a smaller diameter than the rest (SU copyright certificate No. 1517806 A1, M. Cl. ⁴ A01C 23/04. Hydraulic feeding for irrigation machines / TP Evsyukov, P. A. Jolos , N.I.Shakin (USSR) .- Application No. 4154562 / 30-15; claimed 02.12.1986; publ. 10.30.1989, Bull. No. 40).

This feeder is accepted as the closest analogue. The disadvantages of the described hydraulic feeder, adopted as the closest analogue, include, despite the similarity of the technical problem being solved, limited application possibilities, large unproductive consumption of irrigation water, the inability to accurately dispense macronutrient fertilizers, microelements, herbicides, chemical meliorants, and other preparations.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of macro-fertilizers, chemical improvers, microelements, pesticides and herbicides with irrigation water in drip irrigation systems and sprinkler irrigation machines.

The technical result is an increase in the yield of agricultural crops during cultivation in irrigated agriculture, reliability and uniformity of supply of liquid macronutrients, chemical reclamants, trace elements, pesticides and herbicides.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for the application of microelements, chemical improvers, herbicides, pesticides and macro-fertilizers in drip irrigation systems, circular and frontal mobile sprinklers and multi-support sprinkler machines of positional action and frontal movement, which contains a pressure-free tank for fertilizers, level gauge in the form of a tubular transparent vessel hydraulically connected to the tank, inlet and outlet nozzles, hydraulic ki connected to the distribution pipeline, the head part of which is mounted on the main pipeline by means of a valve, and equipped with a pressure regulator sequentially mounted between the parts of the distribution pipeline, a valve and a fine filter at the inlet and outlet pressure gauges, the inlet pipe of the pressureless vessel is connected to the nipple on the part of the distribution pipe between the valve and the pressure regulator, outlet pipe free of pressure with a flexible sleeve connected to the second inlet of the venturi, its first inlet through the valve is connected to a nipple on the part of the distribution pipe between the pressure regulator and the valve, the outlet of the venturi is connected by a valve to the nipple on the part of the distribution pipe between the valve and the fine filter, according to the invention the outlet pipe of the pressureless tank is installed in it with the ability to move along its height with increasing or decreasing the level of the solution introduced with the irrigation water microelements, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers by means of a ballast cavity that can be filled with ballast, made in the form of a flat ring with a hole in the center, stops in the form of racks are placed on the lower plane of the float to limit the extreme position at the bottom of the pressureless container, and the end of the flexible sleeve the outlet pipe is fixed in the hole of the float by means of elastic rings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for applying microelements, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers in irrigation water in drip irrigation systems, front-acting mobile sprinkling machines and multi-support sprinkling machines of positional action and frontal movement, plan view.

Figure 2 - section aa in figure 1, a vertical section of a container for preparing a solution of trace elements, chemical ameliorants, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers and a suction hose with a float regulator.

Figure 3 - a device for making trace elements, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers, hydraulically connected by a valve to the main pipeline of the water supply network, in an axonometric image (photo).

Figure 4 is the same, the connection of the venturi with the intake sleeve.

Figure 5 - the same, the connection of the flexible sleeve with a valve for supplying water to the mixer of the tank for the preparation of the solution.

In Fig.6 is the same, the position of the strainer for cleaning the solution from limes before feeding the drip irrigation system to the main pipeline.

In Fig.7 - the same position of the valve for regulating the pressure drops of water when it is supplied to the Veturi pipe.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

A device for applying microelements, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers in irrigation water in a drip irrigation system, circular and frontal mobile sprinkling machines and frontal displacement multi-support sprinkling machines (see Figs. 1-7) contain pressureless container 1 for fertilizers , a level gauge 2, an inlet pipe 3 and an outlet pipe 4, a distribution pipe 5, a valve 6, a pressure regulator 7, a valve 8 having pressure gauges 9 and 10 of the fine filter 1 at the inlet and outlet 1, venturi 12, sleeves and valves.

Pressure-free tank 1 with a volume of 1000 l (2000, 3000, 4000 l) of plastics with corrugated walls in drip irrigation systems is placed in close proximity to the distribution pipe 5 (see figures 4 and 7).

The level gauge 2 is made in the form of a tubular transparent vessel - a transparent polyethylene tube with an inner diameter of 10 mm and a wall thickness of 0.8 mm, which is hydraulically connected with the capacity 1 for fertilizers. The upper end of the level gauge 2 with the possibility of accelerated dismantling is fixed in the grip of the bracket 13. The lower end of the level gauge 2 is paired with a nipple 14 on the side wall of the tank 1. On the side wall of the tank 1 is applied a waterproof scale (in liters). The lower end of the level gauge 2 is placed 50 mm higher on the bottom part 15 of the tank 1. The division value: 0.7 l / mm.

The inlet pipe 3 and the outlet pipe 4 are hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe 5.

The head part of the distribution pipe 5 by means of a valve 6 is mounted on the branch 16 of the main pipeline 17.

The distribution pipe 5 is equipped with a pressure regulator 7, a valve 8 and a pressure gauge 9 and a pressure gauge 10 of the fine filter 11 at the input and arranged in series between parts 18, 19, 20 of the distribution pipe 5.

The inlet pipe 3, installed in the bottom of the pressureless tank 1, by means of a flexible sleeve 21 and a valve 22 is connected to the nipple 23 on the part 18 of the distribution pipe 5 between the valve 6 and the pressure regulator 7.

The outlet pipe 4 of the pressureless vessel 1 is connected by a flexible sleeve 24 to the second inlet 25 of the venturi 12 to suck in the passive medium from the pressureless vessel 1.

The first inlet 26 of the venturi 12 is connected through a valve 28 to a nipple 27 on a part 19 of the distribution pipe 5, located between the pressure regulator 7 and the valve 8 to change the live section of the distribution pipe 5.

The outlet 29 of the venturi is connected by a valve 30 with a nipple 31 on part 20 of the distribution pipe 5 between the valve 8 and the fine filter 11.

The outlet pipe 4 of the pressureless container 1 is installed in it with the ability to move along its height with increasing or decreasing the solution level of trace elements, chemical meliorants, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers introduced with irrigation water through the float 32.

The float 32 has the ability to fill the cavity with ballast due to the threaded cap 33 on the upper plane. On the lower plane of the float 32 placed stops 34 in the form of racks to limit the extreme lower position at the bottom 15 of pressure vessel 1.

The float 32 is made in the form of a hollow flat ring with a hole in the center. The end 35 of the sleeve 24 of the outlet pipe 4 is fixed in the hole of the float 32 by means of elastic rings 36 and 37.

The free end 38 of the inlet pipe 3 is made with an oblique cut to impart a rotational movement to the flow of soluble fertilizers or the mother liquor.

A device for applying micronutrients, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers with irrigation water operates as follows.

With the gate valve 6 open, pressurized water from the main pipe 17 through the outlet 16 enters part 18 of the distribution pipe 5 for supplying it either to the drip irrigation system, or to the flexible sleeve of the multi-support sprinkler, positional action of frontal movement, or to the riser in the fixed support of sprinklers circular action, or in a pipeline with hydrants for multi-support sprinkling machines with front-wheel drive electric. The pressure regulator 7 is restored to its original position.

Macronutrient fertilizers (N, P, K, Ca, S) are poured into the non-pressure vessel 1 with a design norm. Then, valve 22 is opened. Water from part 18 of pipeline 5 along sleeve 21 enters inlet pipe 3. Due to an oblique cut at the end 38 of inlet pipe 3 water under pressure moves from the inner walls of the tank 1 to its center, creating a cycle. With a rotating stream of water, the fertilized fertilizers are washed away and rise up in the tank 1, creating a mother liquor. Upon reaching a predetermined level, tracked on the scale of the level gauge 2, the valve 22 is closed.

Next, perform a series of preparatory operations for the collection of the mother liquor from the pressureless tank 1.

Liquid ballast (water) is poured into the cavity of the float 32 with the threaded cover 33 open so that the lower end 35 of the flexible sleeve is flooded 200-300 mm from the upper level of the mother liquor in the tank 1.

Next, the regulator 7 sets the working pressure of the water in the water distribution pipe 5 within 0.4 ... 0.5 bar. Valve 8 reduces the live section of the pipeline 5. Then, in sequence, open the valves 30 and 28 on the nipples 31 and 27.

Due to the difference in water pressures in front of valve 8 and behind it, part of the water through nipple 27, valve 28 enters the inlet 26 of the venturi. In the ventry tube, the active water flow passes through the constriction, and then into the diffuser of the venturi 12. In the diffuser of the venturi 12 there is an increase in the velocity of the water flow and a vacuum is created at the second inlet 25 of the venturi 12. The mother liquor from the pressureless tank 1 with a flexible sleeve 24 is supplied input 25 due to the resulting vacuum. The mother liquor is intensively mixed in the diffuser of the venturi, then through the outlet 29 the valve 30 and the nipple 31 are squeezed across the water flow in part 20 of the water supply pipeline 5. Water with fertilizer solution enters the filter housing 11 of fine cleaning. Suspensions and trash with dimensions greater than 0.2 mm are retained on the mesh surface of the filter 11. On the normal operation of the filter 11 give equal pressure readings in manometers 9 and 10.

Due to the fact that the mother liquor from the pressureless container 1 is taken with a constant density, then mixed in the venturi 12 and additionally mixed in part 20 of the water distribution pipe 5 and uniform mixing with irrigation water is provided in the fine filter 11. When issuing irrigation norms of water through droppers of flexible irrigation pipelines of a drip irrigation system, a uniform distribution of introduced macro-fertilizers and microelements over the irrigated surface is achieved. This allows you to increase the yield of vegetable crops by 15 ... 18% compared with the basic technology of cultivation.

Claims (1)

A device for introducing microelements, chemical improvers, pesticides, herbicides and macro-fertilizers into irrigation water in drip irrigation systems, circular and frontal mobile sprinkling machines and frontal multi-support sprinkling machines with frontal movement, containing a pressureless fertilizer tank, a level gauge in the form of hydraulically communicating with the tank capacity transparent vessel, inlet and outlet nozzles hydraulically connected to the distribution pipe, the head part to otorogo by means of valves is mounted on the main pipeline, and equipped with a pressure regulator sequentially mounted between the parts of the distribution pipeline, a valve and fine pressure gauges at the inlet and outlet, the inlet pipe of the pressureless vessel through a flexible sleeve and valve is connected to a nipple on the part of the distribution pipeline between the valve and a pressure regulator, the outlet pipe of the pressureless vessel with a flexible sleeve is connected to the second inlet of the venturi, its per the input through the valve is connected to a nipple on the part of the distribution pipe between the pressure regulator and the valve, the venturi is connected through a valve to the nipple on the part of the distribution pipe between the valve and the fine filter, characterized in that the outlet pipe of the pressure-free tank is installed in it movement along its height with increasing or decreasing solution level of microelements, chemical meliorants, pesticides, herbicides and macro fertilizers introduced together with irrigation water By means of the ballast cavity having the ability to fill with ballast, made in the form of a hollow flat ring with an opening in the center, stops in the form of racks are placed on the lower cavity of the float to limit the extreme lower position at the bottom of the pressureless vessel, and the end of the flexible sleeve of the outlet pipe is fixed in the hole of the float by elastic rings.

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