RU2227974C1 - Plant for preparation and application of fertilizer solution with irrigation water in drop irrigation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for preparation and application of fertilizer solutions together with irrigation water. Proposed plant contains closed line for preparation of fertilizer suspension and then solution of said suspension consisting of mixer with device for mixing initial components to which water pipeline connected with water source is laid, accumulating and service reservoirs, suction main line, delivery pipeline, outlet branch pipes and return pipelines, hydraulic cyclones, line for evacuation of sediments and transport pipeline. Metering devices connected with irrigation network are mounted on transport pipeline. Plant is furnished with system to automatically regulate concentration and level of solution in accumulating-and-service reservoirs. Each accumulating-and-service reservoir is furnished with individual hydraulic cyclone hydraulically connected with transport pipeline through common hydraulic cyclone. EFFECT: simplified design increased capacity of plant. 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to installations for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, and can be used and drip irrigation systems for the application of irrigation water macro- and microelements, herbicides and pesticides, chemical ameliorants, other chemicals and organic fertilizers solutions.

A device for introducing solutions of mineral fertilizers into irrigation water, comprising a pumping unit with inlet and outlet nozzles, a water blower, to the input of which is connected an irrigation water supply line, a fertilizer preparation tank, a metering pump, pipelines, an irrigation network with shutoff valves and sprayers, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of mixing solutions of mineral fertilizers with irrigation water, protect the irrigation pipeline network from water hammer and protect plants from heat strokes, it is equipped with a controlled three-way mixing valve installed in the irrigation water supply line in front of the inlet pipe of the pumping unit and connected by a pipe to the outlet pipe of the water blower, a hydraulic jet apparatus made in the form of a cylindrical body with inlet and mixing chambers separated by a partition, while the inlet chamber equipped with a pipe connected to the inlet of the water blower and the irrigation water supply line, as well as pressure and intake nozzles installed coaxially with the cylindrical body, the pressure nozzle in communication with the outlet of the pump unit, and the receiving nozzle through the hole in the partition with the cavity of the mixing chamber, which, in turn, is equipped with a flow former made in the form of a plate connected to the partition by curved blades and a nozzle fertilizer inlet mounted at an angle to the axis of the chamber, in addition, the cavity of the mixing chamber is in communication with the piping of the irrigation network, and the output horses of the fertilizer inlet is located behind the shaper the flow (SU, copyright certificate No. 1641213 A1, IPC 5 A 01 C 23/04, A 01 G 9/24. A device for introducing solutions of mineral fertilizers into irrigation water / G.G. Molchanov, V.P. Silanchev, O.A. Kostylev, A.I. Podolsky and V.A. Kondrashov (SU). - Application No. 4488455/15; Announced on 10/03/1988; Publ. 04/15/1991, Bull. No. 14).

The disadvantages of this device include low operational reliability. Dross, sludge, slag and slurry, litter clog droppers on irrigation pipelines of the drip irrigation system.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is an installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, comprising a loading conveyor, a closed line for preparing fertilizer suspension and a solution from it, consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water supply connected to the water source is connected pipeline, storage tanks, suction line, discharge pipe, outlet pipes and return pipelines, a line for maintaining the prepared fertilizer solution in suspension directly in the storage and supply tanks, a line for removing sediment in the discharge hopper, a transport pipeline on which metering devices connected to the irrigation network are mounted, and a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the tanks, , in order to simplify the design, increase the efficiency and productivity of the process of preparing solutions by ensuring the intensity of the process creation of components and aerating the suspension in suspension, it is equipped with a source component located above the mixer-grinder, under which there is a device for mixing the source components, made in the form of a vertical column, in the upper part of which are placed connected to the suction line and with storage-consumable containers the collector and the hydrocyclones connected to it by drain pipes connected through an ejector to the supply pipelines of water and mixture, while under the call Ktorov arranged nozzles for the removal of sediment funnel, vertical drain pipe, slotted plate fltr, relief cone and hopper for collection of rain; storage and supply tanks are installed obliquely and equipped with aerators made in the form of perforated partitions located in the lower part above the bottom with the possibility of forming a gap that is communicated through a pipeline with a gas supply source under pressure; hydrocyclones in the vertical column are evenly spaced around the circumference, drain holes are made in the upper part of the vertical drain pipe, and a spool is coaxially installed in the lower part, while the slit plate filter plates are alternately connected to the inner wall of the vertical column and to the funnel nozzle, and in the bottom of the hopper for collecting precipitation, a hole is made, communicated through the line for removing precipitation with a drain hopper, in which the intake organ of the return line and self-unloading to nteyner; the vertical column, chopper and mixer are installed coaxially (SU, copyright certificate No. 1644770 A1, M. cl. A 01 C 23/04, 23/00. Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water / V.G. Efremov, V .S.Sobolevsky, K.N. Kalinichenko and E.E. Mishurov (SU) .- Application No. 4718420/15; Stated 05/26/1989; Publ. 30.04.1991, Bul. No. 16).

We have accepted this installation as the closest analogue.

The disadvantages of this installation include the complexity of the design, the low degree of purification of the suspension from sludge, suspensions, litter, a limited range of fertilizers used, and low operational reliability.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the introduction of nutrients from organic fertilizers together with irrigation water in drip irrigation systems.

EFFECT: simplified design, increased productivity, round-the-clock supply of dissolved components from granular and / or powdered organomineral fertilizers to the drip irrigation system.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water containing a closed line for the preparation of fertilizer suspension and from it a solution consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water pipe connected to a water source is connected , storage and supply tanks, suction line, discharge pipe, outlet pipes and return pipelines, hydrocyclones, line d To remove precipitation, the transport pipeline, on which the metering devices are connected, connected to the irrigation network, and the system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage and supply tanks, according to the invention, each storage and supply tank is equipped with an individual hydrocyclone hydraulically connected to the transport pipe by means of a common hydrocyclone.

Due to the fact that each storage and supply tank is equipped with a hydrocyclone having a mesh screen, and the hydrocyclones of storage and supply tanks are connected with a common hydrocyclone connected to automatic control systems and mounted in blocks, the above technical result is achieved.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the hydraulic circuit of the installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

The installation contains three blocks of 1-3 closed lines for the preparation of a fertilizer suspension, and from it a nutrient solution. Each block 1 (2, 3) consists of a loading conveyor, a mixer and a device for moving the initial components. Due to the popularity of mechanical devices in the diagram are not shown. Blocks 1-3 are connected to a water supply pipe 4 connected to a water source, storage and supply containers 5, 6 and 7, a discharge pipe 8, outlet pipes 9, 10 and 11, return pipes 12, 13 and 14, hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17 , line 18 for removing precipitation, transport (trunk) pipeline 19.

Dosing devices 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 are mounted on the transport pipeline 19, connected to the irrigation network 25. Each unit 1-3 is equipped with a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage and consumable containers 5, 6, and 7. Each hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) is equipped with a mesh screen 26 for trapping suspensions from a suspension. The hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) is hydraulically connected to the storage and supply tank 5 (6, 7), a transport pipeline 19 and a line 18 to remove precipitation. The system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage-supply tank 5 (6, 7) is mounted in the outlet pipes 9, 10 and 11 of the connection of the hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) and the mentioned tank 5 (6, 7). The water pipe 4 with the transport pipe 19 is connected via tees 27 and 28 and valves 29, 30 and 31, sequentially placed between the pipelines 4 and 19. The pipelines 4 and 19 are made of equal flow section. Pressure gauges 32 and 33 are mounted on tees 27, 28 and pipelines 4 and 19.

The discharge pipe 8 with storage tanks 5, 6 and 7 is connected by means of electromagnetic valves 34, 35 and 36, electrical pressure gauges and check valves.

Return pipelines 12, 13 and 14 of containers 5, 6 and 7 with line 18 for removing precipitation are connected through valves 37, 38 and 39.

Each hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) has a sedimentation chamber 40, which is connected via a valve 41 to the line 18 to remove precipitation.

Each storage and supply tank 5 (6, 7) is equipped with an individual hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) hydraulically connected to the transport pipeline 19 by means of a common hydrocyclone 42. The hydrocyclone 42 is also equipped with a mesh screen 26, a sediment chamber 40 and a valve 41.

The suspension of hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17, purified from suspensions and mineral litter, enters the tee 28 through pressure pipelines 42 and 43.

Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water works as follows.

With the solenoid valves 34, 35 and 36 closed and the valves 37, 38, 39 and 41 with the pump unit running, water from the reservoir through the water pipe 4 with open valves 29, 30, 31 through tees 27 and 28 enters the transport pipe 19. Then through dosing device 20-24, the water is sent to the irrigation network 25, connected either with drip outlets, or soil injectors, or with droppers on irrigation pipelines. This irrigation operation is performed during planting, water-charging irrigation and vegetative wetting.

During the period of top dressing of cultivated crops, blocks of 1-3 closed lines for the preparation of a fertilizer suspension and a nutrient solution from it work around the clock. In blocks 1-3, sequentially using a feed conveyor, mixer, device for moving the initial components of the nutrient mixture, either soluble mineral fertilizers or a brine of a natural sulfate mineral bischofite of the formula MgCl · 6H ₂ O saturated with micro and macro elements, or herbicides, or pesticides are fed or chemical improvers, or organic fertilizers.

Accumulative-expendable containers 5, 6 and 7 are sequentially loaded with one of the types of fertilizers. Tanks 5, 6 and 7 are hermetically sealed with caps. Gates 37, 38, 39 and solenoid valves 34, 35, 36 are brought to the "Closed" position.

From the water pipe 4 with the open valve 29 and the closed valve 30, water under pressure is sent to the discharge pipe 8. Then, the electromagnetic valve 34 is remotely actuated.

In the storage tank 5 increase the water level. When applying water under pressure to the tank 5 due to the nozzle at the end of the welded branch pipe, fertilizers are poured, including and organic, undergo intensive mixing. When a certain level and pressure is reached, the solenoid valve 34 stops the flow of water.

In a similar way, storage and supply tanks 6 and 7 are refueled. Automatic control systems exclude fertilizer suspension from entering hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17. In six to eight hours, each tank 5, 6, 7 is saturated with salts and microelements from filled solid or liquid organic, organic mineral or other types of fertilizers. Then, the operator servicing this installation remotely turns on the system and the electromagnetic valve 34 located on the discharge pipe 8. The suspension from the tank 5 through the pipe 9 tangentially enters the cavity of the hydrocyclone 15. The suspension in the hydrocyclone 15 is rotationally moved around the vertical geometric axis of symmetry of the cyclone 15 and sedimentary chamber 40. Sludge, suspensions, litter, plant impurities, undissolved parts of organic fertilizers in the force field gradually settle in the direction of the sedimentary chamber Era 40 and accumulate in it. The mother liquor (suspension), passing through the mesh screen 26 through the pressure pipe 44 is supplied under pressure to the hydrocyclone 42 for fine cleaning the mother liquor, and then through the pipe 43 to the tee 28.

Upon leaving tee 28, the suspension of organic fertilizers is captured by the water stream and sent through the valve 31 to the transport (main pipeline 19. With the dosing devices 20-24, the dissolved fertilizers are targeted through a network of irrigation pipelines 25 and droppers to the roots of vegetable crops, orchards and vineyards.

With a decrease in the concentration of salts and trace elements, the system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage-expenditure tank 5 closes the pipeline 42 and closes the electromagnetic valve 34.

Then, the storage and expenditure tank 6 is included in the work. The supply of a suspension of fertilizers from the tank 6 to the transport pipeline 19 is controlled in a similar way. After 6-8 hours of operation, the operator uses the suspension from the tank 7.

The precipitate from the tank 5 and from the sedimentation chamber 41 of the hydrocyclone 15 to line 18 is sent as follows.

When the pumping unit is operating and the solenoid valve 34 is open, part of the water from the discharge pipe 8 enters the bottom of the tank 5. Suspension and mineral debris from the tank 5 with the valve 37 open are sent through return pipe 12 to line 18 to remove precipitation outside the installation. This water, together with the sediments of organic fertilizers, is irrigated by puffing of tree plantations, vineyards, and fodder crops.

The pressure gauges 32 and 33 judge the operation of the installation as a whole and hydrocyclones 15, 16, 17 and 42. To remove sludge, suspended matter, litter, and the remainder of fertilizers from sedimentary chambers 40 hydrocyclones 15-17, 42, the operator proceeds as follows. Gate valves 30 and 31 on the transport pipeline 19 are closed. From a tee 27 with sequentially open valves 34, 35, 36, water from the water pipe 4 is sent to the cavities of the mesh screens 26 by means of hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17 of the discharge pipes 9, 10 and 11. Under excessive pressure, algae, suspensions and litter, and then from sedimentary chambers 40 through open valves 41 are moved to line 18 to remove sediment.

Thus, the described installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water ensures continuous operation of the drip irrigation system with a high degree of operational reliability.

Thanks to this design of hydrocyclones 15, 16, 17 and 42 of the installation, the structural scheme with a high unification of units, blocks, parts and assemblies is greatly simplified. Exceptionally parallel hydraulic connection of blocks 1-3 to the transport pipeline 18 ensures uninterrupted and round-the-clock supply of micro and macro elements together with the nutrient mixture to the drip irrigation system. The described process of dissolving organic fertilizers within 6-8 hours contributes to the complete transition of salts and trace elements from the solid fraction to the solution and a waste-free technology for preparing a fertilizer suspension and the use of sludge and sludge is practically carried out.

Claims (1)

Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, containing a closed line for the preparation of fertilizer suspension and a solution from it, consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water pipe connected to a water source, storage tanks, a suction line, discharge pipeline, outlet pipes and return pipelines, hydrocyclones, a line for removing precipitation, transport pipeline, on which There are dosing devices connected to the irrigation network and a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage and supply tanks, characterized in that each storage and supply tank is equipped with an individual hydrocyclone hydraulically connected to the transport pipeline by means of a common hydrocyclone.