RU2219698C1 - Plant for preparation and application of fertilizer solution with irrigation water in drop irrigation systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to plants for preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water and it can be used on larger-size irrigated plots for application of marco-and microelements, herbicides and pesticides, chemical reclamation agents and other substances and organic fertilizer solutions. Proposed plant contains closed suspension preparation and solution preparation line consisting of mixer with device for mixing initial components to which water passing pipeline is laid, being connected with water source, storage-and-service reservoirs, suction main line, delivery pipeline, takeoff branch pipes and return branch pipelines, hydraulic cyclone separators, sediment removing line and transport pipeline. Metering devices connected with irrigation network are mounted on transport pipeline. Plant is furnished with system for automatic control of concentration and level of solution in storage-and-service reservoirs. Each hydraulic cyclone separator contains gauze screen and it is connected with storage-and-service reservoir, transport pipeline and sediment removing line. Said automatic control system of concentration and level of solution in storage and service reservoir is mounted in pipeline connecting hydraulic cyclone separator with storage-and-service reservoir. EFFECT: simplified design, increased capacity of plant. 4 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to installations for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, and can be used on large irrigated areas of application of macro- and microelements, herbicides and pesticides, chemical meliorants, other chemicals and organic fertilizer solutions with irrigation water .

A device for introducing solutions of mineral fertilizers into irrigation water, comprising a pumping unit with inlet and outlet nozzles, a water heater, to the input of which is connected an irrigation water supply line, a fertilizer preparation tank, a metering pump, pipelines, an irrigation network with shutoff valves and sprayers, in which, in order to increase the uniformity of mixing solutions of mineral fertilizers with irrigation water, protect the irrigation pipeline network from water hammer and protect plants from heat strokes, it is equipped with a controlled three-way mixing valve installed in the irrigation water supply line in front of the inlet pipe of the pumping unit and connected by a pipe to the inlet pipe of the water heater, a hydraulic jet apparatus made in the form of a cylindrical body with an inlet and mixing chambers separated by a partition, while the inlet chamber equipped with a pipe in communication with the water heater inlet and irrigation water supply line, as well as pressure and inlet nozzles installed and coaxially with the cylindrical body, the pressure nozzle being in communication with the output of the pumping unit, and the receiving nozzles through the hole in the partition with the cavity of the mixing chamber, which in turn is equipped with a flow former made in the form of a plate connected to the partition by curved blades and a supply pipe fertilizers installed at an angle to the axis of the chamber, in addition, the cavity of the mixing chamber is in communication with pipelines of the irrigation network, and the output end of the fertilizer supply pipe is located behind the former the flow (SU copyright certificate 1641213 A1, IPC ⁵ A 01 C 23/04, A 01 G 9/24. A device for introducing solutions of mineral fertilizers into irrigation water / G.G. Molchanov, V.P. Silanchev, O.A. Kostylev, A.I. Podolsky and V.A. Kondrashov (SU). - Application 4488455/15; claimed 10/03/1988; publ. 04/15/1991, Bull. 14).

 The disadvantages of this device include low operational reliability, while the scale, sludge and suspension clog droppers on irrigation pipelines.

The closest analogue to the claimed object is an installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, containing a loading conveyor, a closed line for the preparation of fertilizer suspension and from it a solution, consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water supply connected to the water source is connected pipeline, storage tanks, suction line, discharge pipe, outlet pipes and return pipelines, a line for maintaining the prepared fertilizer solution in suspension directly in the storage and supply tanks, a line for removing sediment in the drain hopper, a transport pipeline on which metering devices connected to the irrigation network are mounted, and a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the tanks, , in order to simplify the design, increase the efficiency and productivity of the process of preparing solutions by ensuring the intensity of the process creation of components and aerating the suspension in suspension, it is equipped with a grinder of initial components located above the mixer, under which there is a device for mixing the initial components, made in the form of a vertical column, in the upper part of which there is a collector connected to the suction line and with storage-expendable containers and hydrocyclones connected to it by drain pipes communicated through an ejector with water and mixture supply pipelines, while under the collector Hur nozzle arranged for removing rain funnel, the vertical drain pipe, slotted plate filter, the waste hopper and the cone for collecting sediment; storage and supply tanks are installed obliquely and equipped with aerators made in the form of perforated partitions located in the lower part above the bottom with the possibility of forming a gap that is communicated through a pipeline with a gas supply source under pressure; hydrocyclones in the vertical column are evenly spaced around the circumference, drain holes are made in the upper part of the vertical drain pipe, and a spool is coaxially installed in the lower part, while the slit plate filter plates are alternately attached to the inner wall of the vertical column and to the funnel nozzle, and in the bottom of the hopper for collecting precipitation, an opening is made, communicated through a line for removing precipitation with a drain hopper, in which a sampling organ of the return line and self-unloading to nteyner; vertical column, chopper and mixer installed coaxially (SU copyright certificate 1644770 A1, M.cl ⁵ A 01 C 23/04, 23/00. Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water / V. G. Efremov, BC Sobolevsky, K N. Kalenichenko and E. E. Mishurov (SU) .- Application 4718420/15; filed 05/26/1989; publ. 04/30/1991, Bull. 16).

 We have accepted this installation as the closest analogue.

 The disadvantages of this installation include the complexity of the design, the low degree of purification of the suspension from sludge, suspensions, litter, a limited range of fertilizers used, and low operational reliability.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is the introduction of organic fertilizers along with irrigation water in a drip irrigation system.

 EFFECT: simplified design, increased productivity, round-the-clock supply of dissolved components from granular or powdery organic mineral fertilizers to the drip irrigation system.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water containing a closed line for the preparation of fertilizer suspension and from it a solution consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water pipe connected to a water source is connected storage tanks, suction line, discharge pipe, discharge pipes and return pipes, hydrocyclones, lin for removing precipitation, a transport pipeline on which metering devices are mounted connected to the irrigation network, and a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage and supply tanks, according to the invention, each hydrocyclone is equipped with a mesh screen and is hydraulically connected to the storage and supply tank, transport pipeline and a line for removing precipitation, while the system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage tank see It is mounted in the communication pipeline of the cyclone and the said tank.

 Due to the fact that each hydrocyclone is equipped with a mesh screen, and hydrocyclones with storage tanks and automatic control systems are mounted in blocks, the above technical result is achieved.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows the hydraulic circuit of the installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water.

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

 The installation contains three blocks of 1-3 closed lines for the preparation of a fertilizer suspension and from it a solution. Each block consists of a loading conveyor, a mixer and a device for moving the starting components. Due to fame, mechanical devices are not shown in the diagram. Blocks 1-3 are connected to a water supply pipe 4 connected to a water source, storage and supply containers 5, 6 and 7, discharge pipe 8, outlet pipes 9, 10 and 11, return pipes 12, 13 and 14, hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17 Line 18 for sediment removal, transport (trunk) pipeline 19.

 On the transport pipeline 19, metering devices 20, 21, 22, and 23 are mounted, connected to the irrigation network 24. Each unit 1-3 is equipped with a system 25 for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage tanks 5, 6, and 7. Each hydrocyclone 15 ( 16, 17) is equipped with a mesh screen 26 for trapping suspensions from the suspension. The hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) is hydraulically connected to a storage and supply tank 5 (6, 7), a transport pipeline 19 and a line 18 to remove precipitation. The system 25 for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage-expenditure tank 5 (6, 7) is mounted in the pipeline 27 (28.29) of the connection of the hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) and the mentioned tank 5 (6, 7).

 The water pipe 4 with the transport pipe 19 is connected via tees 30 and 31 and valves 32, 33 and 34, sequentially placed between the pipelines 4 and 19. Pipelines 4 and 19 are made of equal flow section.

 Manometers 35, 36, 37 and 38 are mounted on tees 30, 31 and pipelines 4 and 19.

 The discharge pipe 8 with storage tanks 5, 6 and 7 is connected by means of electromagnetic valves 39, electrical contact pressure gauges and check valves.

 The outlet pipes 9, 10 and 11 of the containers 5, 6 and 7 with the line 18 to remove precipitation are connected through valves 40,41 and 42.

 Each hydrocyclone 15 (16, 17) has a sedimentation chamber 43 (44, 45), which is connected via a valve 46 (47, 48) to line 18 to remove precipitation.

 Suspended from suspensions and mineral litter suspension from hydrocyclones 15,16 and 17 to the tee 32 enters through return pipelines 12,13,14 and valves 49, 50 and 51.

 Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water works as follows.

 When the solenoid valves 39 and valves 49, 50, 51 are closed, when the pump unit is running, water from the reservoir through the water pipe 4 with open valves 32, 33, 34 through tees 31 and 32 enters the transport pipeline 19. Then, through the metering devices 20-23, water sent to the irrigation network 24, connected either with drip outlets, or soil injectors, or with droppers on irrigation pipelines. This irrigation operation is performed during planting, water-charging irrigation and vegetative wetting.

 During the period of top dressing of cultivated crops, blocks of 1-3 closed lines for the preparation of a fertilizer suspension and a nutrient solution from it work around the clock.

In blocks 1-3, sequentially using a loading conveyor, a mixer, a device for moving the initial components of the nutrient mixture, either soluble mineral fertilizers or a brine of natural sulfate bischofite mineral of the formula MgCl ₂ • 6 H ₂ O saturated with micro and macro elements or herbicides are fed or pesticides, or chemical improvers, or organic fertilizers. The analysis of bischofite leach brine samples and the content of macro- and microelements (brine mined in well 4 of the Gorodishchenskoye deposit in the Volgograd region) are given in Table 1. The chemical composition of powdered organomineral fertilizers using a component - phosphorites mined in the Trekhostrovsky deposit, is presented in table. 2 and 3. The chemical composition and analysis of samples of granular organic fertilizers based on cattle manure, pig droppings and bird excrement are described in Table 4.

 Accumulative-expendable containers 5, 6 and 7 are sequentially loaded with one of the types of fertilizers shown in table. 1-4. Tanks 5, 6 and 7 are hermetically sealed with caps. Valves 40, 41, 42 and solenoid valves 39 are brought to the closed position.

 From the water pipe 4 with the open valve 32 and the closed valve 33, water under pressure is sent to the discharge pipe 8. Then, the electromagnetic valve 39 is remotely actuated.

 In the storage tank 5 increase the water level. When water is supplied under pressure to the tank 5 due to the nozzle at the end of the welded pipe, the fertilized fertilizers are subjected to intensive mixing. When a certain level and pressure is reached, the solenoid valve 39 stops feeding fertilizers.

 In a similar way, storage and supply containers 6 and 7 are refilled. System 25 eliminates the ingress of fertilizer suspension into hydrocyclones 15, 16 and 17. In six to eight hours, each tank 5, 6, 7 is saturated with salts and microelements from filled solid or liquid organic , organic mineral or other types of fertilizers. Then, the operator servicing this installation remotely turns on the system 25 and the solenoid valve 39 located on the discharge pipe 8. The suspension from the tank 5 through the pipe 27 tangentially enters the cavity of the hydrocyclone 15. The suspension in the hydrocyclone 15 is rotationally moved around a vertical geometric axis of symmetry . Sludge, suspensions, litter, plant impurities, undissolved parts of organic fertilizers in the force field smoothly settle in the direction of sedimentary chamber 43 and accumulate in it. The mother liquor (suspension), passing through the mesh screen 26, is supplied under pressure to the tee 32 through the return pipe 12 and through the valve 49. When leaving the tee 32, the suspension of organic fertilizers is captured by the water stream and sent through the valve 34 to the transport (main) pipeline 19 .

 Dosing devices 20-23 dissolved fertilizers are targeted through a network of irrigation pipelines 24 and droppers to the roots of vegetable crops, orchards, vineyards.

 With a decrease in the concentration of salts and trace elements, the system 25 for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage-expenditure tank 5 closes the pipeline 27 and closes the electromagnetic valve 39.

 Then, the storage and expenditure tank 6 is included in the work. The supply of a suspension of fertilizers from the tank to the transport pipeline 19 is controlled in a similar way. After 6-8 hours of operation, the operator uses the suspension from the tank 7.

 The precipitate from the tank 5 and from the sedimentation chamber 43 of the hydrocyclone 15 in line 18 is sent as follows.

 When the installation is operating and the solenoid valve 39 is open, part of the water from the discharge pipe 8 enters the bottom of the vessel 5. Suspension and mineral debris from the vessel 5 with the valve 40 open are directed to the discharge pipe 9 through line 18 to remove precipitation outside the installation.

 This water, together with sediments of organic fertilizers, is irrigated by the inlet of tree plantings.

 The pressure gauges 35, 36, 37 and 38 judge the operation of the installation and hydrocyclones 15-17.

 To remove sludge, suspensions, litter, the remainder of fertilizers from sedimentary chambers 43, 44 and 45 of hydrocyclones 15-17, the operator proceeds as follows.

 The valve 34 on the transport pipeline 19 is closed. From the tee 32, with successively open valves 49, 50, 51, water from the water pipe 4 is sent to the cavities of the mesh screens 26 by means of return pipelines 12, 13 and 14. Under excessive pressure, algae, suspended matter and sediment are washed from the surface of the screens 26, which are further sedimentary chambers 43, 44 and 45 through open valves 46,47 and 48 are moved to line 18 to remove precipitation.

 Thus, the described installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water ensures continuous operation of the drip irrigation system with a high degree of operational reliability.

 Thanks to this design of the installation, the structural scheme with a high unification of units, blocks, parts and assemblies is greatly simplified. Thanks to the parallel hydraulic connection of the units to the transport pipeline, uninterrupted and round-the-clock supply of micro-macro elements together with the nutrient mixture to the drip irrigation system is ensured.

 The described process of dissolving organic fertilizers within 6-8 hours contributes to the complete transition of salts and trace elements from the solid fraction to the solution and a waste-free technology for preparing a fertilizer suspension and the use of sludge and sludge are practically implemented.

Claims (1)

Installation for the preparation and application of fertilizer solutions with irrigation water, containing a closed line for the preparation of fertilizer suspension and from it a solution, consisting of a mixer with a device for moving the initial components, to which a water pipe connected to a water source, storage tanks, suction line, discharge pipeline, outlet pipes and return pipelines, hydrocyclones, a line for removing precipitation, a transport pipeline on which to mount There are dosing devices connected to the irrigation network and a system for automatically controlling the concentration and level of the solution in the storage and supply tanks, characterized in that each hydrocyclone is equipped with a mesh screen and is hydraulically connected to the storage and supply tank, a transport pipeline and a line for removing precipitation, this system of automatic control of the concentration and level of the solution in the storage tank is mounted in the communication pipe of the hydrocyclone and the tank.

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