RU2555813C1 - Biological stabilisation storage pond (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, namely the preparation of wastewaters in irrigated agriculture for irrigation and fertilising of plants. The biological stabilisation storage pond comprises a closed water intake water reservoir area in the form of a storage pond 1, having a water-supply tube 2 with the fed collector 21, and a water distribution device at the inlet of the discharge pipeline 4. The water distribution device has two concentrically arranged rings, the inner 5 of which is connected to the pipeline of the outlet, and the outer 6 - to the pipeline of inlet and is located in the lower point of the inclined bottom. The inlet opening of the ring 5 is provided with an air pipe 9 with a valve 10, one end of which is mounted at the inlet to the discharge pipeline 4, and the other communicates with the atmosphere. The source of pressurised air and gas emitted from the wastewaters is made in the form of a mixing chamber 11 with the mesh cloth 12 at the upper part, sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline 4 below its input. The chamber 11 is connected by the tube 13 with the perforated tubes 14 located in the cavity of the inner ring 5. In the side walls of the inner rings 5 there are air-gas slotted openings 16. In order to regulate the conditions of discharge of the wastewaters into the pond and their removal from the side of the grid 8 at filling the pond 1 a shield 19 can be mounted with an inclination towards the bottom of the pond. The shield 19 can be mounted on a horizontal axis of rotation 20 and is connected by the rods with the drive of vertical movement. According to the second embodiment the storage pond comprises successive water reservoirs with inclined bottoms and water distribution devices. The water distribution devices are formed as two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected with the discharge pipeline and the outer - with the pipeline of feeding of flows, located in the lower point of the inclined bottom. The inner ring is provided with an air pipe with a vent, one end of which is mounted at the inlet to the discharge pipeline, and the other communicates with the atmosphere. In the side walls of the inner ring there are air-gas outlet openings. The water distribution devices are connected on the discharge pipeline with the mixing chambers.

EFFECT: device improves the efficiency of protection of intake of wastewaters from entering floating debris and simultaneous contributes to decontamination when feeding wastewaters for irrigation The design of the device enables to mix the air due to the organisation of the process of air-gas connection and discharging it from the chamber, which is in the gaseous state.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, namely, preparation in irrigated agriculture for irrigation and fertilizing plants.

Manure waste is an environmentally hazardous product. Therefore, livestock runoff (pig breeding runoff), at the first stage, is subjected to biological treatment at industrial wastewater treatment plants (in aeration tanks), and at the second stage in natural conditions on irrigation fields, they are a complex chemical and biological process.

Industrial wastewater treatment plants, even with good operation, do not provide complete clarification of pig farms to environmentally friendly parameters. Therefore, after the first stage of wastewater treatment (solid fraction, activated sludge, etc.) exposed at industrial facilities in biological ponds, a targeted supply of wastewater to storage ponds is possible, which are already intended for the next cycle for soil post-treatment of the liquid fraction of manure effluents (animal husbandry drains), and a meliorative reclamation system is being built for irrigation, water outlet, water distribution and removal of purified water, arranged, as a rule, separately.

The construction design is selected depending on the amount of treated effluents and their concentration. The sediment deposited at the bottom of the pond must be continuously or periodically removed. The length of its storage period depends on the amount of sludge and its ability to rot and compact, from which then a large amount of gas (methane) leaves. This gas is a compound with oxygen and the ability to use for combustion with the release of heat. Therefore, effluents become highly concentrated wastewater with subsequent treatment at other facilities. A feature of such ponds is the dependence of their work on climatic conditions, the need for long-term storage of wastewater in the ponds. Hence, continuous improvement of water outlets and water outlet devices is required.

The permissible load on the filtration fields depends on many factors (climatic conditions of the region, soil structure and its filtration capacity, the level of groundwater, as well as the nature of wastewater pollution and their concentration).

Therefore, the main determining indicators are the quality requirements of the waste fluid directed to the irrigation fields and the permissible load per unit of irrigated area.

Biological ponds can be used both by natural and artificial aeration. The methodology for their calculation is different.

The effectiveness of biological ponds to a greater extent depends on the temperature of the water in the pond, as well as the presence of oxygen in the water at a given temperature. Hence, the volume of the pond depends on the configuration of the pond in terms of water outlets. Biological ponds with artificial aeration consist of several oxidative steps, but not less than two, of the same volume of BOD coming out of them.

When searching, a source of information was also used as a device for applying liquid fertilizers with irrigation water (Copyright certificate SU No. 755236, class A01C 23/04, 1980). However, this device only determines the general level of technology and is not considered particularly relevant.

There is a known method of irrigation with livestock runoff, including freezing them and putting them in pieces into the arable layer of plant spacing and closing them up, after irrigation of the fields is carried out (Copyright certificate SU No. 1426503, class A01G 25 / 00.1988).

A common drawback of such irrigation is the dependence of work on climatic conditions, the need for long-term aging of frozen livestock stocks, and then use sprinkling equipment. This causes the complexity of execution, especially at the first stage of the use of liquid effluents, i.e. it is necessary to carry out many stages: freezing, transportation, laying, etc., which increases the cost of their use in irrigation fields.

There is another known method of clarification of natural wastewater, including the passage of water with particles suspended in it through an open sump, in which a blocking element is placed across the water stream, blocking the upper part of the stream. In order to increase the efficiency of water clarification by intensifying the sedimentation of suspended matter, the water depth in the sump is maintained equal to the value determined by the formula and depends on the calculation of the structural elements of the device, including a water outlet and a water intake (Copyright certificate SU No. 1516571, class ЕВВ 8 / 02.1989) .

In the known sump, the clarification of wastewater coming from the outlet and containing suspended particles, settles directly in the sump (storage pond), which is practically uncontrollable, and the achieved cleaning effect is not sufficient for the use of treated effluents for irrigation purposes. In addition, when emptying the pond, the removal of sludge requires the use of mechanized equipment, which leads to a higher cost of operation of the storage pond, the efficiency of the storage pond and the complexity of execution is complicated. This is due to the imperfection of the known design of the biological pond and the system of water outlet, water distribution and removal of purified water, arranged, as a rule, separate.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a biological oxidation contact stabilization pond, consisting of sequentially located reservoirs with inclined bottoms, water distribution devices and supply and exhaust pipelines, while the water distribution device is made in the form of two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected to the exhaust pipeline , and the outer one with the supply pipe and is located at the lower point of the inclined bottom (Copyright certificates SU №549426, cl. S02S 1/02 of 23.05.1977).

The disadvantage of this device is that it is practically uncontrollable in terms of the efficiency associated with the accumulation of wastewater (pig waste) in it, which accumulates a large amount of gas in the form of methane, in addition, when emptying the storage pond for irrigation, there is no automatic supply of sludge with water to irrigation fields as fertilizer irrigation. Moreover, the known device does not take into account the possibility of using the emitted gas (methane) in the process in a chemical reaction with effluents that accumulate in the pond.

An important factor should be noted that under the conditions of the pond’s operating mode, in winter it is not used for irrigation, and wastewater (pig-breeding runoff) accumulates in it. Pond emptying begins after the frost disappears, i.e. from May to September, carry out the emptying of the storage pond for irrigation, in the form of fertilizer irrigation by sprinkling. This ongoing work, respectively, is also associated with the implementation of tasks to ensure the environmental safety of such structures for personnel engaged in the operation of structures of storage ponds.

Thus, the known design of the storage pond does not allow, taking into account the time of filling and emptying it, to simplify the equipment intended for irrigation with pig farms, and significantly reduces the efficiency due to the process of organizing the operation of the storage pond, while there is no automatic supply of sludge with water to irrigation fields as a fertilizer irrigation and more evenly dispose of the stocks of livestock complexes and at the same time implement the total application rates, reduce the volume of storages of stock drains. The elimination of the above disadvantages will allow to obtain a guaranteed crop yield on irrigated lands. Another important drawback in the known constructions is the non-use of such a technological process as the use of cheap gas (methane) released from the ongoing chemical reaction from the incoming and accumulated sludge with water in the pond.

The technical result from the use of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of disinfection of wastewater during irrigation and reduce energy consumption during operation, simplify installation when creating modular options, as well as increase environmental friendliness. Also, the technical result is to increase the efficiency in the production and conversion of gas released from wastewater and mixing it with air.

The specified technical result for the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that in a biological stabilization pond-drive, including a contact stabilizing pond, consisting of a pond with an inclined bottom, a water distribution device and pipelines for supplying and discharging water, two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected to the pipeline exhaust, and the outer one with the supply pipe and is located at the lower point of the inclined bottom, the inner ring is equipped with an air tube with a valve, one to some of which are installed at the inlet to the outlet pipe, and the other is connected to the atmosphere, and the source of compressed air mixed with gas is made in the form of a sequentially located mixing chamber on the outlet pipe, located below its inlet, while in the side walls of the inner ring there are air gas outlets.

In addition, the mixing chamber is provided with a mesh web in the upper part.

In addition, the water distribution device is equipped with a flat shield located at the entrance of the outer ring, mounted on the wall of the inner ring connected by a hinge and connected to the drive.

The specified technical result for the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that the biological stabilization pond-drive, including sequentially located reservoirs with inclined bottoms and water distribution devices in the form of two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the outer one to the sewage supply pipe, located at the bottom of the inclined bottom, the inner ring is equipped with an air tube with a valve, one end of which is installed at the entrance to the outlet the supply pipe, and the other is connected with the atmosphere, air-gas outlet openings are made in the side walls of the inner ring, while the water distribution devices are connected to the mixing chambers on the discharge pipe.

This construction design, biological stabilization pond storage allows, in comparison with the prototype, to automate the filling of the pond with sewage (pig-breeding sewage) and when emptying the storage pond after filling the discharge pipe with water through a water distribution device and mixing the air coming from the atmosphere with gas released from the water effluents in the mixing chamber, distributes the air-gas mixture with the output to the upper horizon from the discharge pipe into extension device, consisting of two concentrically arranged rings. Vacuum formation in the mixing chamber: the air-gas mixture through the tube enters the perforated pipe located inside the cavity of the inner ring of the water distribution structure. This mixture passes simultaneously under a protective grill (filter) that overlaps the inner ring from above, the other part of this mixture (pressure medium) enters the slotted holes in the side walls of the inner ring. All this creates optimal hydraulic conditions in the inlet of the water distribution device, that is, since when the emptying of the pond from the drain saturated with, for example, silt sediment and floating debris changes, its throughput changes, stirring up (raising), oscillatory phenomena as above the grate , and in the cavity of the outer ring of water, there is no stagnant zone, there is no clogging, taking into account the time of emptying the storage pond.

Another important factor for this mixing of the air-gas mixture is that the resulting medium is flammable in the form of combusted gas when it is diverted to the consumer outside the storage pond, which expands the use of fuel for various industrial needs. Thus, the released gas from pig-breeding wastes is mixed with oxygen from the air, it can burn - this is an additional positive technology for generating heat, which is provided by the intake from the vacuum cavity of the mixing chamber on the discharge pipe. In this case, the cavity of the mixing chamber is equipped with a mesh cloth in the upper part.

In addition, according to an embodiment, from sequentially located reservoirs (ponds), respectively, the organization of the total process of sequentially located and water-distributing devices allows to obtain an additional energy result along the discharge pipeline, i.e. total productivity dramatically increases the production of air-gas mixture, which will significantly increase the overall efficiency of the structure. As a result of this, the environmental safety of the use of wastewater (livestock) intended for irrigation is decided.

According to the author, such a performance of the construction structure was not previously known and meets the criterion of "novelty."

In FIG. 1 shows a biological stabilization pond drive plan; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. Figure 3 shows a variant of a storage pond from a series of artificially created reservoirs.

Biological stabilization pond storage consists of an artificial created storage pond (reservoir) 1 having a water supply pipe 2 with a feed collector 21 and equipped with a valve 3. The storage pond has a bottom slope towards the discharge pipe 4, the input of which is equipped with two concentrically located inner ring 5 and the outer ring 6. The rings 5 and 6 in the upper part protrude 15-30 cm respectively from the mark of the bottom of the section, and the gap 7 between the rings 5 and 6 serves as a water distribution device. The ring 5 is equipped with a horizontal grill 8, and its inlet is provided with an air tube 9 with a calibrated hole or valve 10 connected to the atmosphere, a discharge pipe 4 of the irrigation network, located at the bottom of the water distribution device with rings 5 and 6. A source of compressed air and gas, emitted from wastewater, made in the form of an air-gas capture mixing chamber 11 with a mesh web 12 in the upper part on the discharge pipe 4 located below the entrance to it and the connecting pipe flange 13 with perforated tubes 14 located in the cavity of the inner ring 5. The lower end of the air tube 9 is installed at the inlet to the discharge pipe 4 along its axis, in which the hydraulic resistance 15, which acts as an active nozzle, can be installed, thereby increasing the flow rate discharge pipe 4, the flow rate increases. In the flowing rings 5 and 6, it is advisable to clean the grate 8 and the slit holes 16 from sludge and debris by swirling and raising in the form of oscillating phenomena an air-gas mixture leaving the perforated tubes 14, i.e. an air bubble torch is formed. To expand the functionality of using the air-gas mixture, a pipe 17 with a valve 18 is connected to the connecting tube 13 for supplying the consumer with an air-gas mixture and burning it, for example, as fuel and converting it into heat (heating greenhouses, buildings, etc.).

Thus, before supplying wastewater or livestock waste water for irrigation through the discharge pipe 4, a source of compressed air is installed in the discharge pipe mixed with gas (methane) released from the waste water in the form of an air-gas collecting mixing chamber 11. Depths h1 and h2 show the location of the pipes 14 and chamber 11 from the water level at the inlet of the water distribution structure. The water-receiving outer ring 6 on the upper edge of the rear wall has a flat shield 19 with an inclination towards the bottom of the pond. In order to regulate the conditions for the discharge of wastewater into the pond and their removal from the grate side 8 when filling the storage pond 1, the shield 19 can be mounted on the horizontal axis of rotation 20 and connected by rods to a drive (not shown) of vertical movement.

According to the second embodiment (Fig. 3), the storage pond includes a series of artificially created reservoirs (ponds) 1 having supply pipes 2 with a feed collector 21, and the collector 22 serves to supply irrigation drains equipped with shut-off elements and combined with the water distribution design devices.

Biological stabilization pond drive works as follows.

In the operating technological mode of operation of the livestock breeding complex, the storage pond 1 provides the supply of wastewater to irrigation irrigation fields along with incoming sludge. Under these conditions, the use of storage pond 1 at its initial filling with drains makes the adjustment of the structure. When the outlet pipe 4 and the irrigation network are operated by adjusting the valve 3, they achieve the flow rate of everything necessary to supply the effluents to the storage pond 1. The storage pond 1 is filled at the beginning of the flow of diluted water at the complex into the outer space of the ring 6. Change the free end of the shield 19, the formation of optimal hydraulic conditions is achieved in the input part of the outer ring 6, that is, when the pressure mode in the supply pipe 2 and the flow rate change (decrease or increase ), accordingly, the quenching occurs when the vertical exit from the ring 6 to the storage pond 1, changing when entering the surface layers of the watercourse (waste water or livestock runoff). Sewage fills the capacity of the storage pond, especially in winter, when the irrigation system is turned off, until the spring accumulation of effluents in the pond. In the event of a shutdown of the effluent supply in the supply pipe 2, the shields 19 overlap the ring 6 from above and it is not dusted with debris. In addition, by changing the position of the shield 19, it is possible to adjust the flow rate of drains taken through the grill 8 into the discharge pipe 4.

To clean the grate 8 and slotted holes 16 and ring 6, an air-gas mixture is supplied from the mixing chamber 11 to the perforated tubes 14. When wastewater is supplied to the discharge pipe 4 under the pressure of a water column h1 through the grate 8 into the ring 5, it is filled with drains . After filling the closed discharge pipe 4 with wastewater (water) and distributing the wastewater in the irrigated field, the wastewater flow at the inlet to the discharge pipe 4 causes a vacuum to form in the collective mixing chamber 11. Air through the pipe and valve 10 enters the discharge pipe 4, mixes with drains saturated with gas (methane), which accumulate in the upper section of the chamber 11 above the mesh web 12 and the tube 13, enter the perforated tubes 14 under the grate 8 and opposite the slot holes 16 in b the shackle walls of the ring 5. From the mixture of air and gas, the resulting active medium then creates the ascent of silt and debris with the rise in the upper layers in the form of an air bubble torch.

Thus, through the grate 8 and slotted holes 16, the free space of the ring 5 is filled in cross section with waste water, the nozzle 15 actively feeds the effluents into the discharge pipe 4 containing a mixture of air and gas, and then this mixture is released from the stream into the upper part of the chamber 11, providing access to the tubes 13 or 17 with the valve 18 directly to the consumer.

Alternating operation of the water distribution system provides either flushing of the grill and holes, or fuel in the form of combusted gas with oxygen from the air for the needs of the consumer.

The proposed construction can significantly improve the efficiency of the storage pond with wastewater and livestock effluents, using the gas (methane) released from them, which is mixed with air by organizing the process of air-gas connection and removal from the chamber, while simultaneously using grates and slotted holes in the walls of the ring, while reducing the likelihood of failure of the culvert capacity of the input section of the inner ring. In addition, ultimately helps to protect the environment from pollution. If necessary, a gas-air connection is used as fuel during the period when there is no need to treat waste water from floating debris during the irrigation system during waste disposal. The intensity and duration of irrigation from a closed pipeline depend on local environmental conditions.

Claims (4)

1. Biological stabilization pond-drive, including a contact pond, consisting of a pond with an inclined bottom, a water distribution device and pipelines for supplying and discharging water, two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected to the discharge pipeline, and the outer one to the supply pipeline and placed in the lower point of the inclined bottom, characterized in that the inner ring is equipped with an air tube with a valve, one end of which is installed at the inlet to the outlet pipe, and the other is in communication with the atmosphere sulfur, and the source of compressed air mixed with gas is made in the form of a sequentially located mixing chamber on the outlet pipe located below its inlet, while air-gas outlet openings are made in the side walls of the inner ring. 2. Biological stabilization pond-drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing chamber is equipped with a mesh web in the upper part. 3. Biological stabilization pond-drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the water distribution device is equipped with a flat shield located at the entrance of the outer ring, mounted on the wall of the inner ring, connected to it by a hinge, and connected to the drive. 4. Biological stabilization pond-drive, including sequentially located reservoirs with inclined bottoms and water distribution devices in the form of two concentrically arranged rings, the inner of which is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the outer one to the sewage supply pipe located at the lower point of the inclined bottom, characterized in that the inner ring is equipped with an air tube with a valve, one end of which is installed at the inlet to the outlet pipe, and the other is in communication with the atmosphere, in the side walls Kah inner ring made air-gas exhaust openings, wherein the water distribution devices are connected on the offtake pipe with the mixing chamber.

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