RU2358916C1 - Construction for purifying and control over quality of drainage water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: construction is built on module base and consists of supplying channel with water distributing structures, of biochemical purification block in form of capacity with higher water vegetation equipped in its bottom part with drains, of aeration block, of block of chemical melioration of purified water, of sorption purification block, and of outlet channel with structures. At inlet and outlet the blocks of bio-chemical and sorption purification are hydraulically connected with the supplying and draining channels by means of channels and structures. The construction is also equipped with a station of regeneration of sorption filters, with a basin-receiver for growing seedling of higher water vegetation, with platforms for utilisation of residues of higher water vegetation, with points of control over chemical composition and quality of water, with a cut-off drainage, with a distributing channel with water distributing structures and with not less, than one module element of purification. The module element of purification consists of the block of sorption purification, of the block of biochemical purification, and of the aeration block of purified water within the ranges of the biochemical purification block.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of drainage water and expanded functions of construction.

8 cl, 10 dwg, 4 tbl, 23 ex

Description

The invention relates to techniques for cleaning drainage water from pollution and regulating its quality in accordance with the requirements of potential consumers and can be used in irrigated agriculture to create irrigation and drainage systems with a closed water cycle for cleaning surface runoff in rainfed conditions, as well as when implementing water protection measures wastewater treatment in agriculture and other industries.

A known structure for the treatment of collector-drainage and wastewater containing sequentially installed sumps and sorption filters, which is located on the route of the collector-drainage channel, the filters are made in the form of wells with removable mesh tanks installed in them filled with sorbent, while the level of the top of the wells is located at the bottom of the channel (RU Patent No. 2062634 C1, IPC ⁶ B01D 36/04. Construction for the treatment of collector-drainage water / V.V. Zharkov, R.Z. Utyaganov, D.V. Zharkov. - Application No. 5037476/26 ; claimed 02.25.1992; publ. 06.27.199 6).

The disadvantages of this structure include the uneven distribution of load on the sorption filters and, as a result, the low efficiency of water treatment as a result of the location of the upper face (plane) of the main group of filtration wells with sorption filters, with the exception of the latter, at the bottom of the channel. This leads to the separation of the water flow within the structure into the upper part, passing only through the last filter, the middle part, overcoming the hydraulic resistance of the main group of filters, and the lower part, which is not cleaned at all.

Also known is a filtering trench in the form of a channel with an antifiltration coating, divided into successive sections, which are hydraulically interconnected by means of vertically mounted removable filter elements with a granular sorbent (Kuptsova A.A. Improving the quality of drainage water with natural sorbents: abstract of dissertation ... cand Technical Sciences / Kuptsova Anastasia Aleksandrovna. - M., 1998.- P.20, fig. 4, p. 18).

The disadvantages of the filtering trench include the impossibility of regulating the rate of water filtration through the filtering elements due to the known seasonal dynamics of the drainage flow rate, the uneven flow load along the height of the filtering elements; in the second and subsequent sections of the trench, a part of the filter above the water level in the section is not used.

In addition to those described, a water treatment plant is known in the form of a bulk filter dam having a trapezoidal cross section and made of granular sorbent on a base with an anti-filter coating. A drainage channel is arranged for supplying drainage flow to the upper slope of the dam, and the end section of the drainage channel with a drainage structure in the form of an absorber well with drainage sprinkling from the sorbent is connected to the lower slope of the dam through which the purified water is discharged into the river network through the drainage pipe (Methodical recommendations on measures for the prevention and elimination of pollution of agrolandscapes by heavy metals. - M .: RAAS, VNIIGiM, 2005. - P.47-50, Fig.4.3, p.48).

The disadvantages of this structure include the inability to quickly replace the spent sorbent without dismantling the entire structure, the low efficiency of the use of the sorbent due to uneven flow load along the dam height, the sorbent located above the depression surface of the filtered stream does not participate in the water treatment process, the lack of control over the degree of drainage water treatment .

Noteworthy is the well-known method of biological purification of water from salts, including contacting the source water with higher aquatic plants: common reed, lake reeds, narrow-leaved cattails grown on a substrate, filtering and draining purified water through tubular drains, in which repeatedly washed granular is used as a substrate river quartz sand with a grain size of 1 ÷ 3 mm and higher aquatic plants used in admixture with iris when stocking density 20 ÷ 25 units. / m ^2, the process is carried out under layer loading granular polymer with a density less than the density of water at an air feeding layer under the substrate at a rate of 0.15 ÷ 0.2 l / (s · m ²⁾ for 1,5 ÷ 2 hours / day, and tap water are purified through porous drains filled with activated carbon and located above the substrate (RU Patent No. 2094392 C1, IPC ⁶ C02F 3/32. Method for biological treatment of water from salts. / M.G. Zhurba, T.N. Lyubina. - Application No. 5043833/25; claimed 03/14/1992; publ. 10/27/1997).

The main disadvantages of this method are the need for pre-growing higher aquatic plants to a certain phase of their development; the dependence of the efficiency of the water treatment process on the degree of development of higher aquatic vegetation; the complexity of the cleaning process, due to the need to grow higher aquatic vegetation on a pre-washed substrate, which reduces its productivity and, therefore, the cleaning ability, because common reed, cane lake, cattail narrow-leaved and iris in vivo grow in flooded or swampy soil; coating the water surface with a layer of granular load with a density lower than the density of water prevents the normal development of higher aquatic vegetation, and the integrity of the load layer itself may be violated, for example, under the influence of wind; source and device for air supply not specified.

A well-known water protection structure containing a water protection strip in the form of a trench with higher aquatic vegetation and a water intake, which is equipped with a fore chamber and a physico-chemical control unit, the trench is made in the form of a biochemical control unit with spillway aerators, communicating it on the one hand with a physico-chemical unit regulation, and on the other hand with a water intake, the biochemical regulation unit is equipped with a filtration and overflow dam, dividing it into two sections, the bottom mark of which x decreases but the direction of movement of the water, the dam is equipped with a layer of soil with herbs placed on its crest and downhill slope, the structure is also equipped with a pipeline in the form of two branches with outlet pipes and valves laid through spillways-aerators under the block of biochemical regulation (RU Patent No. 2060970 C1, IPC ⁶ C02F 3/32. Wellhead water protection structure. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, OI Kupriyanov. - Application No. 93012936/26; claimed on 03/12/1993; publ. 05/27/1996).

The disadvantages of the wellhead water protection structure include the low efficiency of the water purification process at the initial (spring) and final (autumn) annual phases of the development of higher aquatic vegetation, low aeration efficiency of the purified water flow using spill aerators compared to the air supply directly to the water column, decrease the filtration ability of the filtration overflow dam as a result of the mudding of the filter material during the operation of the structure, the lack of care for higher discharge vegetation recovery and recycling residues, aquatic vegetation after completion of the annual cycle of the installation; lack of control over the degree of purification of drainage water.

A known system of biochemical treatment of return water, including a three-zone biofiltration zone, each of which is made in the form of a water protection strip, which is a trench with gentle slopes, planted with aquatic vegetation, the system is additionally equipped with preliminary and final chemical reclamation units located before and after the biological treatment unit and communicated with it through lock water dividers, each chemical reclamation unit contains a means for introducing a chemical reclamation agent and media placed in the watercourse means for mixing the chemical improver with water, aeration and subsequent quenching of the energy of the water flow, while each of the three water protection strips is connected by channels to the water separator sluices, along the bottom of the largest of them are drains for collecting water and draining into the second strip, additionally covered with a filter layer soil with higher aquatic vegetation growing on it, while the drains are provided with viewing wells at the sources, and their mouths are located along the entire slope of the adjacent strip at the level of its bottom (RU Patent No. 2001887 C1, IPC ⁵ C02F 3/34. The BIOKOM system of biochemical treatment of return waters. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, O.I. Kupriyanov. - Application No. 4941094/13; claimed 04/23/1991; publ. 01/30/1993, bull. No. 39-40).

The disadvantages of the BIOKOM system include the low efficiency of the water purification process at the initial (spring) and final (autumn) annual phases of the development of higher aquatic vegetation, low aeration efficiency of the purified water stream using spill aerators compared to the air supply directly to the water column , lack of funds for the care of higher aquatic vegetation, extraction and disposal of residues of higher aquatic vegetation after completion of the annual cycle of the construction; lack of water quality control during the cleaning process.

A known system for regulating the quality of collector-drainage water, including an anterior chamber, a physicochemical regulation unit, a biochemical regulation unit in the form of a trench with higher aquatic vegetation and a filtration-overflow dam, dividing it into two sections, the bottom mark of which is made decreasing in the direction of water movement, and having a soil layer with herbs, spillways-aerators, and a waste pipeline in the form of several branches with outlet pipes and valves, laid through spillways-aerators and connecting a physical and chemical control unit with a storage tank for purified collector-drainage water, the system is equipped with a purified water conditioning unit and a technological unit for introducing chemical ameliorants, while the air-conditioning unit, via weirs-aerators, is connected on one side with a biochemical regulation unit and, on the other, with storage of purified collector-drainage water (RU Patent No. 2168470 C2, IPC ⁷ C02F 3/32, A01G 25/00. The quality control system of collector-drainage water. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, E.V. Ovchinnikova. - Application No. 99104245/12; claimed 03.03.1999; publ. 06/10/2001).

The disadvantages of the system for regulating the quality of collector-drainage water include the low efficiency of the water treatment process at the initial (spring) and final (autumn) annual phases of the development of higher aquatic vegetation, low efficiency of aeration of the treated water stream using spill aerators compared to direct air supply in the water column, lack of funds for the care of higher aquatic vegetation, extraction and disposal of residues of higher aquatic vegetation after completion of the annual cycle of work with armaments, lack of water quality control during the treatment process.

A known system of biochemical treatment and quality control of collector-drainage water according to the patent No. 2148470, in which along the lower part of the flooded surface of the upper slope of the filtration overflow dam, a notch is made and a bulk filter made of sorbent or a filter in the form of containers made of mesh filled with sorbent at the end the growing season, before frost, the nets are removed and sent for regeneration to restore the absorbing properties (Bezdnina S.Ya. Biochemical treatment and quality control of collector-drainage x water. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, E.V. Ovchinnikova // Methods and Technologies for Integrated Land Reclamation and Ecosystem Water Use, Scientific Publication - Moscow: RAAS, VNIIIGiM, 2006. - P.192-203, Fig. 2.18 , p. 195).

The disadvantages of this system include the low efficiency of the water purification process at the initial (spring) and final (autumn) annual phases of the development of higher aquatic vegetation, low aeration efficiency of the purified water flow using spill aerators compared to the air supply directly into the water column, low the effectiveness of sorption water purification in the mode of overflow through a filtration-overflow dam, the lack of means of caring for higher aquatic vegetation, extraction and disposal of residues higher aquatic vegetation after completion of the annual cycle of the construction, lack of funds for extraction and installation of a sorption filter and a regeneration station for sorption filters, lack of water quality control during the cleaning process.

This system of biochemical treatment and quality control of collector-drainage water and the BIOKOM system of biochemical treatment of return water according to patent No. 2001887, as the closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result, are taken by us as the closest analogues.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the invention is directed is the purification of drainage water from chemical contaminants, partly from physical and biological contaminants, and the regulation of their quality in accordance with the requirements of potential consumers.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the efficiency of the cleaning process and expand the functionality of the structure due to the multivariate combination of the use in time and space of various methods of water purification using sorption filters as a result of horizontal, vertical (descending and ascending) filtration in the thickness of soil using higher aquatic vegetation, aeration of the stream and subsequent conditioning of the quality of purified water sp special chemical reclamation; creation of a completed technological process of water purification due to the regeneration of spent sorption filters, the use of auxiliary facilities and tools for breeding seedlings, planting, care, mowing of higher aquatic vegetation, followed by storage, drying and disposal of plant residues, monitoring the chemical composition of water during cleaning, preventing rising groundwater outside the boundaries of the structure.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that the well-known structure, created on a modular basis and comprising a supply channel with water distribution facilities, a biochemical treatment unit in the form of a container with higher aquatic vegetation, equipped with drains in the bottom, an aeration unit, a chemical reclamation unit for purified water , a sorption treatment unit, an outlet channel with structures, and the biochemical and sorption treatment units are hydraulically connected at the inlet and outlet with the inlet and outlet one channel through channels and structures, according to the invention is additionally equipped with a sorption filter regeneration station, a nursery pool for growing seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation, sites for the disposal of higher aquatic vegetation residues, chemical composition and water quality control points, shut-off drainage, distribution channel with water distribution facilities in the form of gateways-regulators and gateways-auto-regulators, by at least one modular cleaning element, hydraulically connected at the inlet with the distribution channel inlet channels, and at the outlet with the outlet channel of purified water, and the modular cleaning element includes a sorption treatment unit, which is made in the form of a rectangular, trapezoidal or other water stream, and is divided in a horizontal plane into the lower and upper cavities by a plate with evenly distributed openings and with filters installed in them in the form of a metal frame covered with a metal mesh and filled with granular artificial or natural a sorbent, and the sorption purification unit is equipped with an autoregulator gateway at the entrance to the lower cavity, a regulator gateway at the entrance to the upper cavity, discharge pipelines with valves at the outlet of the lower cavity, and a gateway regulator and flow energy damper at the outlet from the upper cavity , a biochemical treatment unit, which is made in the form of a biological pond with higher aquatic vegetation, consisting of two compartments separated by a bulkhead dam with water outlets, and including an inlet tubular gateway regulator, hydraulically connected It is connected on one side with a feed channel and on the other with a perforated pipe for uniform supply of purified water to the biochemical treatment unit, an outlet tubular lock-regulator, a double-action drainage system within the first compartment and drainage drains within the second compartment connected on the one hand, through distribution wells with a closed collector for the removal of purified water, moreover, double-acting drains are additionally hydraulically connected through valves to the upper cavity of the block sorption purification unit, the aeration unit of the water to be purified within the biochemical treatment unit of one, two or more modular elements, equipped with a power plant, a compressor with a receiver, an air manifold with distribution wells and perforated pipelines laid in trenches and filled with gravel to prevent them from floating, while perforated pipelines are located across the horizontal movement of the flow of purified water in the direction from the inlet tubular lock-regulator to the outlet tubular mu gateway regulator of the biochemical treatment unit; the sorption filter station is equipped with containers for storing reagents, a dispenser, a unit for preparing the washing solution, a stand for washing the filter, a container for collecting the used washing solution, mechanisms for installing the sorption filter on the stand and removing it after washing; the sorption cleaning unit is additionally equipped with a bridge crane moving along the rail along the sorption cleaning unit of the modular element and providing for the extraction of spent sorption filters and the installation of remanufactured or new filters; a nursery pool for growing seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation is made in the form of a tank with an antifiltration coating and a soil layer at the bottom that allows growing higher aquatic vegetation, and is filled with drainage water from a collector or from an irrigation canal, or melt water, or a mixture thereof; the biochemical treatment unit is additionally equipped with a bridge crane moving along a rail along the biochemical treatment unit of a modular element and having a platform for performing seedling planting operations, caring for higher aquatic vegetation, placing mowing and collection mechanisms for aquatic vegetation, a platform moving mechanism along the bridge crane and along the height of the conveyor for feeding seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation within the compartments of the biochemical treatment unit and the movement of mowed residues of higher her aquatic vegetation on the banks of the compartments of the biochemical treatment unit of the modular element; each site for the disposal of plant residues is equipped with a storage and drying zone for plant residues, devices for burning them and making briquettes from ash; points for monitoring the chemical composition and quality of water are located at the entrance to the structure, at the exit from the sorption and biochemical treatment units of each modular element, at the exit from the structure, and each point is equipped with devices to control the level of mineralization and chemical composition; the shut-off drainage is provided with closed drains and / or wells located outside the external contour of the structure boundaries, hydraulically connected to the receiving well, and a pumping station for collecting water from the well and supplying it to the drainage collector below the distribution channel to the structure.

Due to the fact that the construction implements the following options for water purification processes, expressed as combinations: C, C + P + VVR, C + P + VVR + A, C + P + VVR + P, S + P + VVR + A + P, VVR, VVR + A, VVR + P, VVR + P + S, VVR + A + P, VVR + A + P + S, where C - water purification with sorbents; P - water purification in the thickness of soil; VVR - water purification by higher aquatic vegetation (VVR); A - aeration of water, with different directions of flow of the purified water relative to sorption filters, soil and higher aquatic vegetation; the completed technological process of cleaning due to the inclusion of a sorption filter regeneration station, auxiliary facilities and facilities providing for the rapid replacement of spent sorption filters, breeding seedlings, planting, care, mowing of higher aquatic vegetation with subsequent storage, drying and disposal of plant residues; control of the chemical composition of water during the cleaning process; shut-off drainage does not allow an increase in the level of groundwater outside the external contour of the boundaries of the structure, the specified technical result is achieved.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a structure for cleaning and regulating the quality of drainage water (plan view), a local breakout B, showing a bridge crane 67, moving along the block 17 (18) of biochemical treatment along the track 69 (top view), place G - block sorption water purification 15 (16), top view.

Figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

Figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1.

In Fig.4 - place G in Fig.1, block sorption treatment of water 15 (16), top view.

In Fig.5 is a section DD in Fig.4, when the sorption filters 23 in the vertical upward flow.

In Fig.6 is a section EE in Fig.5.

7 shows a shut-off drain in the form of closed drains 71 and 72, a receiving well 74 and a pumping station 75, a top view.

On Fig, 9 and 10 presents the structural diagrams of the movement of the flow of drainage (waste) water at twenty-three main modes of operation of the modular element of the structure, including block 15 sorption treatment, block 17 biochemical treatment, aeration block (set of elements 25-29 structures), block 21 of chemical reclamation of water and a system of structural elements that ensures the supply of purified water to these blocks and the removal of purified water to a potential consumer. Symbol B in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 is an aqueous medium (drainage water).

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the invention are as follows.

The structure is located in the area of the drainage collector 1 route with a lock-regulator 2. The building is equipped with a distribution channel 3 with lock-regulators 4, 5 and 6, lock-automatic regulators 7, 8, 9 and 10 at the beginning of the supply channels 11, 12, 13 and 14 , sorption treatment blocks 15 and 16, biochemical treatment blocks 17 and 18, a drain channel 19 purified on blocks 15-18 of drainage water with a gateway regulator 20, a block 21 of chemical reclamation of purified water, a station 22 for the regeneration of sorption filters 23, a nursery pool 24 for growing seedlings of higher water vegetation, energy, such as wind energy, installation 25, a compressor 26 with a receiver supplying compressed air through an air collector 27 with distribution wells 28 to the perforated pipelines 29 located within the blocks 17 and 18 of biochemical treatment, control points 30 of the chemical composition and quality of water, shut-off drainage in the form of closed drains 71 and 72 or wells (not shown) located outside the external contour of the boundaries of the structure (Fig.1-7).

The distribution channel 3, the inlet channels 11, 12, 13 and 14, the outlet channel 19 have an anti-filter coating. Gateways-regulators 2, 4, 5, 6 operate in manual control mode, gateways-autoregulators 7, 8, 9 and 10 operate in automatic mode, maintaining constant the required flow rate and water level difference in the upper and lower pools, they are equipped with trash grids with cleaning mechanisms (not shown). The gateway regulator 2 is designed to direct all or part of the flow transported through the drainage collector 1 through the structure, maintaining the necessary pressure in front of the gateway regulator 4.

Block 21 of chemical reclamation of purified water is equipped with containers for reagents, metering devices and a device for supplying reagents to channel 19 (not shown).

Sorption filter regeneration station 22 is designed to restore the absorption capacity of used filters from natural or artificial granular sorbents, for example, with ammonia or ammonium nitrate solution (5-10% by weight of the sorbent with the subsequent use of process waste from the regeneration process as a fertilizer) (Kireicheva L. B. Drainage systems on irrigated lands: past, present, future. - M .: RAAS, VNIIIGiM, 1999. - P.159) and is equipped with containers for storing reagents, a dispenser, a unit for preparation detecting the washing solution, stand for washing the filter container for collecting spent scrubbing solution, sorption mechanisms for mounting the filter on the stand and his recovery after the washing (not shown).

The nursery pool 24 for growing seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation, for example, common reed, lake reeds, narrow-leaved cattails, etc., is made in the form of a tank with an anti-filtration coating and a soil layer at the bottom that allows you to grow higher aquatic vegetation, and is filled with drainage water from collector 1 or from an irrigation canal (not shown), or melt water, or a mixture thereof.

Power plant 25, compressor 26, air manifold 27, distribution wells of the air manifold 28 with fittings (not shown) and perforated pipelines for supplying air 29 form an aeration unit. The compressor 26 is equipped with a receiver (not shown) for supplying air to the perforated pipelines 29 during a windless period, and the pipelines 29 themselves are placed in trenches and filled with gravel to prevent them from floating, while the perforated pipelines are placed across the horizontal movement of the stream of purified water in the direction from the input tubular gateway regulator 57 to the output tubular gateway regulator 66 blocks 17 and 18 of biochemical treatment.

Control points 30 for chemical composition and water quality are located at the entrance to the structure, at the exit from sorption blocks 15 and 16 and 17 and 18 of biochemical treatment, at the exit from the structure at branch channel 19, and each point 30 is equipped with devices to control the level of mineralization and chemical composition water.

Shut-off drainage is designed to prevent the rise of the groundwater level in the zone of influence of the structure and is equipped with closed drains 71, 72 and / or vertical drainage wells (not shown) located outside the external contour of the boundaries 73 of the structure, hydraulically connected to the receiving well 74, pump station 75 for water intake from the well 74 and supply to the drainage collector 1 below the distribution channel 3 of the structure (Fig.7).

Block 15 (Figs. 4-6) is made in the form of a rectangular-shaped watercourse, for example, of reinforced concrete with a bottom 31, vertical walls 32 and a pavement 33, is divided in a horizontal plane into the lower 34 and upper 35 cavities of the reinforced concrete slab 36 with uniformly distributed area openings 37 and with sorption filters 23 installed therein. Plate 36 is supported by protrusions 38 of walls 32 and support blocks 39 and 40. At the entrance to sorption cleaning block 15, an inlet lock-regulator 41 is placed for supplying water to the lower cavity 34 of the block and inlet lock 42 regulator for under Get water into the upper cavity of block 35. To regulate the drainage from the upper cavity 35 of the block 15, an output gateway-regulator 43 is used. The protrusion 44 is used as a damper for the energy of the flow coming from the upper cavity 35 of the block 15. The lower cavity 34 of the block 15 is hydraulically connected to the outlet channel 19 via two discharge pipelines 45 s valves 46. The sorption filter 23 is made in the form of a parallelepiped or cube, equipped with a metal frame 47, fitted with a metal mesh 48, and a mesh cover (not shown) and filled with natural or artificial granular m sorbent 49. In the upper cavity 35 of the sorption purification unit 15 at a height of 10 cm from the plate 36, valves 50 are placed hydraulically connected to the double-acting drains 51 of the biochemical treatment unit 17. To extract the used sorption filters 23, move them to the regeneration station 22, and to install the restored or new filters, the sorption treatment unit 15 is equipped with a bridge crane 52 that moves along the track 69 along the sorption treatment unit.

Block 16 sorption treatment has a similar design.

Block 17 (Fig.1-3) of biochemical treatment is made in the form of a flowing biological pond with higher aquatic vegetation, for example, common reed, lake reeds, narrow-leaved cattails, etc. (not shown), and consists of two compartments 53 and 54 separated by a dam a jumper 55 with water outlets 56. It is equipped with an inlet tubular lock-regulator 57 hydraulically connected through a pipe 58 to a perforated pipe 59 for uniformly supplying purified water to a block located in the lower part of the distribution channel 60 against iltration protection, a drainage system of double-acting drains 51 within compartment 53 and drainage drains 61 within compartment 54, connected on one side through distribution wells 62 with a closed collector 63, through which drainage from the thickness of the soil of block 17 enters the outlet channel 19 and the double-acting drains 51, on the other hand, are additionally hydraulically connected through valves 50 with the upper cavity 35 of the sorption purification unit 15, a collecting channel 64 with anti-filtration protection, from where it is through pipe 65 one tubular gateway regulator 66 drainage water from the surface of the compartments 53 and 54 is discharged into the channel 19. The biochemical treatment unit 17 is equipped with a bridge crane 67 that moves along the track 69 along the unit and has a platform 70 for performing seedling planting operations and caring for higher water vegetation, placement of mowing and collection mechanisms of aquatic vegetation (not shown), a mechanism for moving the platform 70 along the bridge crane and in height (not shown), a conveyor for feeding seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation to block eks and the movement of mowed remains of higher aquatic vegetation on the shores of block compartments (not shown). Further utilization of plant residues is carried out at a special site 68, equipped with a storage and drying zone for plant residues, devices for burning them and making briquettes from ash (not shown).

Block 18 biochemical treatment has a similar design.

The construction works in gravity due to the command position of the drainage collector 1 and the downward slopes of the open water supply elements of the structure from its entrance - gateway regulator 4 to the exit - gateway autoregulator 20.

The construction works as follows.

The construction has a modular foundation and in the above-described version (Fig. 1) it has two identical modules, each of which consists of interconnected blocks of sorption and biochemical water treatment 15, 17 and 16, 18, with a common supply and discharge system of channels and structures. The aeration unit (a set of elements 25-29 of the structure) serves two modules simultaneously.

The following description of the operation of the structure is given in relation to one modular element (with block 15 sorption treatment and block 17 biochemical treatment). The proposed technical solution provides the multivariate functioning of the module in terms of the set and combination of water purification methods and their spatial and temporal implementation within the module (Table 1).

The operation of the modular element of the structure in each mode is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Mode No. 1 is used to supply water to a consumer without purification, provided that its quality, according to control point 30 in collector 1, meets the requirements of a potential consumer (table 1, Fig. 8). Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway controller 5 closed, through the gateway controller 7 to the inlet channel 11. Then, with the gateway controller 42 closed, water through the gateway controller 41 enters the lower cavity 34 of the sorption treatment unit 15, while the flow level in the cavity 34 is supported by the self-regulating gateway 41 below the lower edge (plane) of the sorption filters 23. From the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, water flows through two waste pipelines 45 with open valves 46 to the outlet channel 19 and then through it through the open gateway regulator 20 is supplied to the consumer.

Example 2. Mode No. 2 provides the purification of water using sorption filters 23 with a vertically downward flow of the stream (table 1, Fig. 8). Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway controller 5 closed, through the gateway controller 7 to the inlet channel 11. Then, when the gateway controller 41 is closed, through the gateway controller 42, water enters the upper cavity 35 of the sorption treatment unit 15 and, passing through the sorption filters 23, enters the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, while the water level in the upper cavity 35 is kept constant and such that the speed of the vertically downward flow filtration through the filters 23 is not more than a specified value, which is governed by the degree of opening of the valves 46. For example, when using granulated sapropel as a sorbent, the filtration rate should not exceed 40 m / day (Kuptsova A.A. Improving the quality of drainage water by natural sorbents: abstract of dissertation ... cand. Technical Sciences / Kuptsova Anastasia Aleksandrovna. - M., 1998. - P.20). From the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, the purified water flows through two waste pipelines 45 with open valves 46 into the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Example 3. Mode No. 3 provides water purification using sorption filters 23 with a vertically upward flow movement (table 1, Fig. 8). Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway regulator 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway regulator 5 closed, through the gateway auto-regulator 7 into the inlet channel 11. Then, with the gateway regulator 42 closed and the valves 46 on the discharge pipes 45 , through the automatic gateway 41, water enters the lower cavity 34 of the sorption purification unit 15 and, passing through the sorption filters 23, enters the upper cavity 35 of the block 15, while the water pressure Z is equal to the difference in the water level marks in the upper (WB) and lower (NL) downstream gateway auto-regulator 4 1 (FIG. 5), is kept constant and provides a speed of vertically upward flow filtration through filters 23 of no more than a given value. From the upper cavity 35 of block 15, purified water through the gateway regulator 43 and the energy absorber of the stream 44 enters the outlet channel 19 and then through it through the open gateway regulator 20 is supplied to the consumer.

For the implementation of the following modes of operation of the structure (modes No. 4-23), the operational readiness of the biochemical treatment unit 17 is required. To do this, in the spring, drainage water from the collector 1 is fed through a lock-auto-regulator 4 through a distribution channel 3, through a lock-regulator 5 and a lock-auto-regulator 8 into a supply channel 12, while the lock-auto-regulator 7, lock-regulators 6 and 66 are closed , the outlets 56 are open, and the double-acting drains 51 and the drainage drains 61 are turned off by valves 50 and fittings in the wells 62 (not shown). From the inlet channel 12, water through the inlet pipe gateway regulator 57, pipe 58, and perforated pipe 59 enters the distribution channel 60, fills it, and is evenly distributed within the compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, filling them to a depth necessary and sufficient for planting seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation. When the average daily temperature of water and soil reaches + 8 ° С (Bezdnina S.Ya. Biochemical treatment and quality control of collector-drainage water. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, E.V. Ovchinnikova. // Methods and technologies for integrated land reclamation and ecosystem water use Scientific publication. - M .: RASHN, VNIIGiM, 2006. -P.199) seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation previously grown in nursery pool 24 or delivered from other water bodies are planted manually or using other mechanisms (are not the subject of the invention) in limits compartment 53 and 54 according to well-known technology, using a bridge crane 67 and a platform 70 that is movable along the bridge crane 67 and in height. Then the water level in compartments 53 and 54 is raised to the required height, determined by the biological requirements of the types of higher aquatic vegetation used, and stopped water supply to block 17 by closing the regulating gateway 57. The required duration of growing higher aquatic vegetation is determined by the biological characteristics of the crops used, a combination of soil, climatic and other natural factors and is at least 1 year, after which the block 17 of biochemical treatment is ready for operation.

Example 4. Mode No. 4 provides water purification using sorption filters 23 with vertically upward flow movement, as a result of upward filtration through the thickness of soil, root system of higher aquatic vegetation, water movement along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 53, when water moves along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. C + P + WWR (table 1, Fig. 8). A necessary condition for the implementation of regimes No. 4 - 23 is to achieve an average daily temperature of water and soil of + 8 ° С (Bezdnina S.Ya. Biochemical treatment and quality control of collector-drainage water. / S.Ya. Bezdnina, E.V. Ovchinnikova. / / Methods and Technologies of Integrated Land Reclamation and Ecosystem Water Use. Scientific publication. - M. RAAS, VNIIGiM, 2006. - P.199).

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway-regulator 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway-regulator 5 closed, through the gateway-auto-regulator 7 to the inlet channel 11. Then, with closed gateways-regulators 42, 43 and valves 46 on the waste pipelines 45, through the autoregulator gateway 41, water enters the lower cavity 34 of the sorption treatment unit 15 and, passing through the sorption filters 23, enters the upper cavity 35 of the block 15, while the water pressure Z equal to the difference in the marks of the water levels in the upper (WB) and lower (NB) downstream gateway auto-adjust Ora 41 (Fig. 5), is kept constant and provides a speed of vertically ascending filtration of the flow through the filters 23 no more than a predetermined value, and the water level in the upper cavity 35 occupies a position providing the necessary pressure above the double-action drains 51 in the compartment 53. Partially purified by sorption filters 23 water from the upper cavity 35 of the block 15 through the open valves 50 enters the double-acting drains 51, closed at the opposite end in the distribution wells 62, and then through gravel and sand sprinkling (not shown ) is filtered through the thickness of soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation into compartment 53 of block 17. From compartment 53, water through open water outlets 56 in the body of the bulkhead dam flows into compartment 54, while within this compartment drainage drains 61 are closed in distribution wells 62, moves along it and through a pipe 65 located at the bottom of the collector channel 64, the gateway controller 66 enters the bypass channel 19 and then through the open gateway controller 20 is supplied to the consumer. In the process of horizontal movement within compartments 53 and 54, water contacts the intra-aquatic part of higher aquatic vegetation and the bottom surface of these compartments, which provides conditions for its purification using these objects.

Example 5. Mode No. 5 provides water purification using sorption filters 23 with vertically ascending flow movement, as a result of ascending filtration through the thickness of soil, root system of higher aquatic vegetation, water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartments 53 and 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. C + P + VVR + A (table 1, Fig. 8).

Mode No. 5 is performed similarly to mode No. 4, while additionally, in the process of movement of water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. Air supply is carried out by a compressor 26, equipped with a receiver (not shown), driven by a power plant 25, for example a wind power plant, through an air manifold 27 with distribution wells 28 and valves (not shown) through perforated pipelines 29, for example, at a speed of 0.15 ÷ 0.20 l · s / m ² for at least 1.5 ÷ 2.0 hours per day.

Example 6. Mode No. 6 provides water purification using sorption filters 23 with vertically upward flow movement, as a result of upward filtration through the thickness of soil, root system of higher aquatic vegetation, water movement along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 53, when water moves along the soil surface, higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 54, as a result of downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic astitelnosti within compartment 54 biochemical purification unit 17, i.e. C + P + VVR + P (table 1, Fig. 8).

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway-regulator 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway-regulator 5 closed, through the gateway-auto-regulator 7 to the inlet channel 11. Then, with closed gateways-regulators 42, 43 and valves 46 on the waste pipelines 45, through the autoregulator gateway 41, water enters the lower cavity 34 of the sorption treatment unit 15 and, passing through the sorption filters 23, enters the upper cavity 35 of the block 15, while the water pressure Z equal to the difference in the marks of the water levels in the upper (WB) and lower (NB) downstream gateway auto-adjust Ora 41 (Fig. 5), is kept constant and provides a speed of vertically ascending filtration of the flow through the filters 23 no more than a predetermined value, and the water level in the upper cavity 35 occupies a position providing the necessary pressure above the double-action drains 51 in the compartment 53. Partially purified by sorption filters 23 water from the upper cavity 35 of the block 15 through the open valves 50 enters the double-acting drains 51, closed at the opposite end in the distribution wells 62, and then through gravel and sand sprinkling (not shown ) is filtered through the thickness of soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation into compartment 53 of block 17. From compartment 53, water through open water outlets 56 in the body of the bulkhead dam flows into compartment 54, while the gateway regulator 66 is closed and the drainage drains 61 in distribution wells 62 open, moves along it and is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. The downward filtration flow is intercepted by drainage drains 61, diverted through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the drain channel 19 and then passes through an open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Example 7. Mode No. 7 provides water purification using sorption filters 23 with vertically upward flow movement, as a result of upward filtration through the thickness of soil, root system of higher aquatic vegetation, water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54, as a result of downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. . C + P + VVR + A + P (table 1, Fig. 8).

Mode No. 7 is performed similarly to mode No. 6, while in addition, in the process of moving water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartments 53 and 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, aeration of the stream is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 8. Mode No. 8 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartments 53 and 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR (table 1, Fig. 8).

The sorption cleaning unit 15 is not involved in this mode of operation of the structure, the self-regulating gateway 7 is closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed by valves 50 and valves (not shown) in distribution wells 62, drainage drains 61 are turned off by valves (not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway regulator 4 enters the distribution channel 3 and, with the gateway regulator 6 closed, through the gateway regulator 5 and the gateway autoregulator 8 to the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway regulator 57, pipeline 58 and perforated pipe 59 into compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation of biochemical treatment unit 17. From compartment 53, water flows through water outlets 56 in the bridge-jumper 55 into the compartment 54 with higher aquatic vegetation of the biochemical treatment unit 17, passes along it, and passes through the pipeline 65 located at the bottom of the collector channel 64 through the outlet gateway regulator 66 in the outlet channel 19 and further through it through the open gateway-controller 20 is supplied to the consumer.

Example 9. Mode No. 9 provides purification as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + A (table 1, Fig. 8).

Mode No. 9 is performed similarly to mode No. 8, while additionally, in the process of moving water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 10. Mode No. 10 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, i.e. WWR + P (table 1, Fig. 8).

The sorption treatment unit 15 and compartment 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17 are not involved in this mode of operation, the gateway regulator 6, the gateway autoregulator 7 and the water outlets 56 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by valves 50, drainage drains 61 are turned off by valves ( not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipeline 58 and the perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, spreads within it and is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. A downstream filtration flow is intercepted by double-acting drains 51, diverted through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the drain channel 19 and then is supplied to the consumer through an open gateway regulator 20.

Example 11. Mode No. 11 provides cleaning as a result of water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, i.e. VVR + A + P (table 1, Fig.9).

Mode No. 11 is performed similarly to mode No. 10, while in addition, in the process of moving water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 53 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 12. Mode No. 12 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, when water moves along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 54 of the block 17 of the biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + P for compartment 53 and VVR for compartment 54 (table 1, Fig. 9).

The sorption cleaning unit 15 is not involved in this mode of operation of the structure, the gateway regulator 6 and the gateway autoregulator 7 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by valves 50, drainage drains 61 are turned off by valves (not shown) in the distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipe 58 and perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation of block 17 of biochemical treatment, spreads within it. Part of the flow rate of purified water entering compartment 53 is filtered down through the thickness of soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation, and part of the flow enters through compartment 56 into the compartment 54 with higher aquatic vegetation of the biochemical treatment unit 17.

A downward filtration flow within compartment 53 intercepts double-acting drains 51, diverts it through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the outlet channel 19 and then passes through an open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

The water coming from compartment 53 into compartment 54 passes along it and through a pipe 65 located at the bottom of the collector channel 64, through the outlet pipe gateway regulator 66 enters the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Example 13. The regime No. 13 provides cleaning as a result of water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, when the water moves under conditions its forced aeration along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + A + P for compartment 53 and VVR + A for compartment 54 (table 1, Fig. 9).

Mode No. 13 is performed similarly to mode No. 12, while in addition, in the process of moving water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contacting them within compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 14. Mode No. 14 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartments 53 and 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + P (table 1, Fig. 9).

The sorption cleaning unit 15 is not involved in this mode of operation of the structure, the gateway regulator 6, the gateway autoregulator 7 and the gateway regulator 66 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by valves 50.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipeline 58 and the perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation, spreads within it and flows through water outlets 56 into compartment 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, where it also spreads within it.

Water from compartments 53 and 54 is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. A downward filtration flow within compartment 53 intercepts double-acting drains 51, diverts it through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the outlet channel 19 and then passes through an open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer. The downward filtration flow within compartment 54 is intercepted by drainage drains 61, diverted through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the drainage channel 19 and then is supplied to the consumer through an open gateway regulator 20.

Example 15. Mode No. 15 provides cleaning as a result of water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartments 53 and 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment , i.e. VVR + A + P (table 1, Fig.9).

Mode No. 15 is performed similarly to mode No. 14, while additionally, in the process of moving water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration of the stream is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 16. Mode No. 16 provides cleaning as a result of the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 53, as a result of the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + P (table 1, Fig. 9).

The sorption cleaning unit 15 is not involved in this mode of operation of the building, the gateway regulator 6, the gateway autoregulator 7 and the gateway regulator 66 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by valves 50, and on the other by valves (not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipeline 58 and the perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation, spreads within it and flows through water outlets 56 into compartment 54 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, where it also spreads within it. Water from compartment 54 is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. The downward filtration flow within compartment 54 is intercepted by drainage drains 61, diverted through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the drainage channel 19 and then is supplied to the consumer through an open gateway regulator 20.

Example 17. Mode No. 17 provides cleaning as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 53, as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of the soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 54 of the block 17 of the biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + A + P (table 1, Fig.9).

Mode No. 17 is performed similarly to mode No. 16, while in addition, in the process of moving water along the soil surface and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 18. Mode No. 18 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53 of block 17 of biochemical treatment, using sorption filters 23 at vertically downward flow, i.e. VVR + P + C (table 1, figure 10).

Section 54 of the biochemical treatment unit 17 is not involved in this mode of operation of the facility, locks-regulators 6, 42 and 43, locks-auto-regulators 7 and 41, water outlets 56 and lock-regulator 66 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by valves (not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipe 58 and perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation and spreads within it. Water from compartment 53 is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. A downward filtration stream within compartment 53 intercepts double-acting drains 51, is diverted through valves 50 to the upper cavity 35 of the sorption treatment unit 15. Next, water passes through the sorption filters 23 and enters the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, while the water level in the upper cavity 35 maintained constant and such that the speed of vertically downward flow filtration through the filters 23 was not more than a predetermined value. From the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, the purified water flows through two waste pipelines 45 with open valves 46 into the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Example 19. Mode No. 19 provides cleaning as a result of water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53 of biochemical treatment unit 17, s using sorption filters 23 with vertically downward flow, i.e. VVR + A + P + C (table 1, figure 10).

Mode No. 19 is performed similarly to mode No. 18, while in addition, in the process of moving water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartment 53 of the biochemical treatment unit 17, aeration is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 20. Mode No. 20 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, using sorption filters 23 with a vertically downward flow , as a result of the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 54 of the block 17 of the biochemical treatment, i.e. WWR + P + C for compartment 53 and WWR for compartment 54 (table 1, figure 10).

In this mode of operation of the structure, lock-regulators 6, 42 and 43, lock-automatic locks 7 and 41 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by fittings (not shown) in distribution wells 62, drainage drains are closed by fittings (not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipe 58 and perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation of block 17 of biochemical treatment and is distributed within it. Part of the flow rate of purified water entering compartment 53 is filtered down through the thickness of soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation, and part of the flow enters through compartment 56 into the compartment 54 with higher aquatic vegetation of the biochemical treatment unit 17.

A downward filtration stream within compartment 53 intercepts double-acting drains 51, is diverted through valves 50 to the upper cavity 35 of the sorption treatment unit 15. Next, water passes through the sorption filters 23 and enters the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, while the water level in the upper cavity 35 maintained constant and such that the speed of vertically downward flow filtration through the filters 23 was not more than a predetermined value. From the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, the purified water flows through two waste pipelines 45 with open valves 46 into the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

The water coming from compartment 53 into compartment 54 passes along it and through a pipe 65 located at the bottom of the collector channel 64, through the outlet pipe gateway regulator 66 enters the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Example 21. Mode No. 21 provides cleaning as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, using sorption filters 23 with a vertically downward flow, as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within the compartment 54 of block 17 of the bioha cleaning, i.e. VVR + A + P + C for compartment 53 and VVR + A for compartment 54 (table 1, figure 10).

Mode No. 21 is performed similarly to mode No. 20, while additionally, during the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, aeration of the stream is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

Example 22. The mode No. 22 provides cleaning as a result of water movement along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, using sorption filters 23 with a vertically downward flow , as a result of the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of the soil within compartment 54 of the block 17 of the biochemical treatment, i.e. WWR + P + C for compartment 53 and WWR + P for compartment 54 (table 1, FIG. 10).

In this mode of operation of the structure, lock-regulators 6, 42, 43 and 66, lock-automatic locks 7 and 41 are closed, double-acting drains 51 are closed on one side by fittings (not shown) in distribution wells 62.

Drainage water from the collector 1 by gravity through the gateway controller 4 enters the distribution channel 3, then through the gateway controller 5 and the gateway auto-regulator 8 into the inlet channel 12, then through the inlet pipe gateway controller 57, pipe 58 and perforated pipe 59 into the compartment 53 with higher aquatic vegetation of block 17 of biochemical treatment and is distributed within it. Part of the flow rate of purified water entering compartment 53 is filtered down through the thickness of soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation, and part of the flow enters through compartment 56 into the compartment 54 with higher aquatic vegetation of the biochemical treatment unit 17.

A downward filtration stream within compartment 53 intercepts double-acting drains 51, is diverted through valves 50 to the upper cavity 35 of the sorption treatment unit 15. Next, water passes through the sorption filters 23 and enters the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, while the water level in the upper cavity 35 maintained constant and such that the speed of vertically downward flow filtration through the filters 23 was not more than a predetermined value. From the lower cavity 34 of the block 15, the purified water flows through two waste pipelines 45 with open valves 46 into the outlet channel 19 and then passes through the open gateway regulator 20 to the consumer.

Water from compartment 54 is filtered down through the thickness of the soil and root system of higher aquatic vegetation. The downward filtration flow within compartment 54 is intercepted by drainage drains 61, diverted through distribution wells 62 to a closed collector 63, through which purified water enters the drainage channel 19 and then is supplied to the consumer through an open gateway regulator 20.

Example 23. Mode No. 23 provides cleaning as a result of water movement under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through the thickness of soil, the root system of higher aquatic vegetation within compartment 53, using sorption filters 23 with a vertically downward flow, as a result of the movement of water under conditions of forced aeration along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them, downward filtration through soil within the compartment 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, i.e. VVR + A + P + C for compartment 53 and VVR + A + P for compartment 54 (table 1, figure 10).

Mode No. 23 is performed similarly to mode No. 22, while additionally, during the movement of water along the surface of the soil and higher aquatic vegetation and contact with them within compartments 53 and 54 of the block 17 of biochemical treatment, aeration of the stream is performed. A description of the aeration process of the stream of purified water is given in example 5.

For all the considered operating modes of the structure, the water quality in accordance with the requirements of potential consumers is improved if necessary through the use of chemical reclamation using block 21 on the outlet channel 19. The quality of purified water is achieved by introducing various chemicals into it to remove toxic ions, changes the ratio of ions and pH, water saturation with various elements. As such substances, calcium nitrate, gypsum, lime, potassium permanganate, etc. are used.

The given examples of the description of the main 23 operating modes of the structure prove a significant expansion of its functionality with respect to the closest analogues.

Below is information confirming the possibility and effectiveness of the use of water treatment methods implemented by the construction.

Table 2 contains data on the effectiveness of the treatment of drainage and waste water with various sorbents tested in YuzhNIIIGiM (A. Kapustyan, Purification and disposal of drainage and waste water of irrigation systems. / A.S. Kapustyan, V.P. Pal'tsev, A.V. Shchedrin. / GU YuzhNIIGiM. - M., 2000. - S.194, 204).

The VNIIGiM data on the effectiveness of the treatment of drainage water using granular sapropel, zeolite and SORBEX sorbent are shown in table 3 (A.A. Kuptsova. Improvement of the quality of drainage water by natural sorbents: abstract of thesis .... Candidate of Technical Science / Kuptsova Anastasia Alexandrovna. - M., 1998. - P.16, Table 8).

Table 4 shows the data on the effectiveness of water purification by certain types of higher aquatic vegetation (Water intake and treatment facilities and devices. / M.G. Zhurba, Yu.I. Vdovin, Zh.M. Govorova and others. - M .: Publishing House Astrel ", 2003. - S. 100).

Bioengineering constructions of VNIIVO and Kharkiv Hyprovodkhoz in the form of infiltration pools with planted higher aquatic vegetation (common reed, cattail, reeds, etc.) due to the horizontal movement of water in the plant environment and subsequent filtration through the thickness of the soil provide the following cleaning effect: from ammonium ion - 81 ÷ 92%, from nitrite ion - 92 ÷ 99%, from nitrate ion - 86 ÷ 96%, from phosphates - 97 ÷ 99%, from ions of heavy metals - 60 ÷ 90%, from suspended solids - 92 ÷ 97% , from sulfate ion - 30 ÷ 40%, from ions of sodium, calcium, magnesium - 10 ÷ 20%, from org impurities (according to COD) - 60 ÷ 80% (Bioengineering facilities for wastewater treatment of agricultural production. Promotional brochure. - Kharkov: VNIIVO, 1987.-2 pp., a. p. No. 1057438).

The system for regulating the quality of collector-drainage water according to patent No. 2148470, which we have chosen as an analogue and having more limited functionality compared to the proposed technical solution, with the initial mineralization of treated water of 3 g / l provides a reduction in the content of nitrites, nitrates, ammonium, heavy metals and pesticides by 50 ÷ 100%, chlorides and sulfates - by 40 ÷ 50%, pH regulation - 6.5 ÷ 8.4, Na ⁺ / Ca ²⁺ - to values less than 1, Mg ²⁺ / Ca ²⁺ - to values less than 1.5, Na ₂ СО ₃ - up to 1.5 mEq / l (Passport catalog "Scientific and technological achievements tendency in land reclamation and water management. ”- M.: Federal State Budgetary Institution TSNTI“ Meliodovinform ”, 2003. - Issue 25. - Part 1. - S.55-56).

The positive qualities of the claimed technical solution include:

the use of the modular principle allows you to create structures of various capacities without changing the fundamental essence of the structure;

multivariance in the set and combination of water purification methods, allowing you to choose the operation mode of the structure in the best way, corresponding to the characteristics of the treatment object;

low energy costs due to the use of the gravity flow regime of the structure and the use of a renewable energy source - wind, during aeration of the treated water;

in contrast to the known analogues, technological operations related to the cultivation, planting, care and disposal of higher aquatic vegetation, as well as the regeneration of sorption filters, are more extensively developed;

the use of shut-off drainage prevents the rise of the groundwater level outside the boundaries of the structure.

Claims (8)

1. A facility for cleaning and regulating the quality of drainage water, created on a modular basis and including a supply channel with water distribution facilities, a biochemical treatment unit in the form of a container with higher aquatic vegetation, equipped with drains in the bottom, an aeration unit, a chemical reclamation unit for purified water, a unit sorption treatment, the drainage channel with structures, and the biochemical and sorption treatment blocks are hydraulically connected at the inlet and outlet with the inlet and outlet channels through channels and The plant is characterized by the fact that it is additionally equipped with a sorption filter regeneration station, a nursery pool for growing seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation, sites for utilization of residues of higher aquatic vegetation, chemical composition and water quality control points, shut-off drainage, and a distribution channel with water distribution facilities in the form of lock-regulators and lock-locks, by at least one modular cleaning element, hydraulically connected at the inlet to the distribution channel scrap with supply channels, and at the exit with a waste water channel, the modular treatment element includes a sorption treatment unit, which is made in the form of a rectangular, trapezoidal or other water stream, and is divided in a horizontal plane into the lower and upper cavities by a plate with evenly distributed openings and with filters installed in them in the form of a metal frame covered with a metal mesh and filled with granular artificial or natural sorbent, moreover, the sorption purification unit at the entrance to the lower cavity, an autoregulator gateway, at the entrance to the upper cavity, with a regulator gateway, at the outlet of the lower cavity, with discharge pipelines with valves, at the outlet of the upper cavity, with a gateway regulator and flow energy damper, a biochemical treatment unit, which is made in the form of a biological pond with higher aquatic vegetation, consisting of two compartments separated by a bulkhead dam with water outlets, and including an inlet tubular gateway regulator, hydraulically connected on one side to the with an analog, and on the other hand, with a perforated pipeline for uniform supply of purified water to the biochemical treatment unit, an outlet pipe gateway regulator, a drainage system of double-acting drains within the first compartment and drainage drains within the second compartment, connected on one side through distribution wells with a closed collector for the removal of purified water, and the double-acting drains are additionally hydraulically connected through valves to the upper cavity of the sorption treatment unit, the aeration unit of the treated water within the biochemical cleaning unit of one, two or more modular elements, equipped with a power plant, a compressor with a receiver, an air manifold with distribution wells and perforated pipelines laid in trenches and covered with a gravel mixture that prevents them from floating, while the perforated pipelines are located across horizontal movement flow of purified water in the direction from the inlet tubular lock-regulator to the outlet tubular lock-regulator of a biochemical unit oh cleaning. 2. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorption filter regeneration station is equipped with containers for storing reagents, a dispenser, a unit for preparing a washing solution, a stand for washing the filter, a container for collecting the spent washing solution, mechanisms for installing the sorption filter on the stand and removing it after washing. 3. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the sorption cleaning unit is additionally equipped with a bridge crane moving along the rail along the sorption cleaning unit of the modular element and providing for the extraction of used sorption filters and the installation of restored or new filters. 4. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the nursery pool for growing seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation is made in the form of a tank with an antifiltration coating and a soil layer at the bottom that allows to grow higher aquatic vegetation, and is filled with drainage water from a collector or from an irrigation canal , or melt water, or a mixture thereof. 5. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the biochemical treatment unit is additionally equipped with a bridge crane that moves along the rail along the biochemical treatment unit of the modular element and has a platform for performing seedling planting operations, caring for higher aquatic vegetation, placing mowing mechanisms, and collection of aquatic vegetation, a mechanism for moving the platform along the bridge crane and in height, a conveyor for feeding seedlings of higher aquatic vegetation within the compartments of the biochemical purification unit ki and moving bevel residues, aquatic vegetation on shore compartments block biochemical purification modular element. 6. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that each site for the disposal of plant residues is equipped with a storage and drying zone for plant residues, devices for burning them and making briquettes from ash. 7. The construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the control points of the chemical composition and water quality are located at the entrance to the structure, at the exit from the sorption and biochemical treatment units of each modular element, at the exit from the structure, and each point is equipped with level control devices mineralization and chemical composition of water. 8. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the shut-off drainage is provided with closed drains and / or wells located outside the external contour of the structure boundaries, hydraulically connected to the receiving well, a pump station for collecting water from the well and supplying it to the drainage collector below the distribution channel construction.

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