CN112627304B - System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures - Google Patents

System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures Download PDF

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CN112627304B
CN112627304B CN202011362568.XA CN202011362568A CN112627304B CN 112627304 B CN112627304 B CN 112627304B CN 202011362568 A CN202011362568 A CN 202011362568A CN 112627304 B CN112627304 B CN 112627304B
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layer
rainwater
pipe network
retention
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CN112627304A (en
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孔繁花
仇是
尹海伟
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Nanjing University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254—Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/32—Roof garden systems

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of urban non-point source pollution prevention and control, and discloses a rainfall runoff water quality control system of an urban industry concentration region integrating measures of source-transmission-tail end. The system comprises an interception system, a treatment system, a transmission system and a receiving water body, wherein the interception system comprises a green roof, the treatment system comprises a biological retention facility, a dry retention pool and a wet retention pool, the water outlet end of the interception system is communicated with the water inlet end of the biological retention facility, the water outlet end of the biological retention facility is communicated with the transmission system, and the water outlet end of the dry retention pool is communicated with the transmission system; the transmission system comprises a grass planting ditch and a rainwater pipe network, wherein the water inlet end of the grass planting ditch is communicated with the water outlet end of the biological retention facility, and the water outlet end of the grass planting ditch is communicated with the rainwater pipe network. The water outlet ends of the dry detention pool and the wet detention pool are respectively communicated with a rainwater pipe network, and the rainwater pipe network is communicated with the receiving water body.

Description

System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of urban non-point source pollution prevention and control, in particular to a rainfall runoff pollution purification system for an urban industry concentration area.
Background
The urban non-point source pollution is an important pollution source influencing urban water environment at present, the rainfall runoff pollution is an important component of the urban non-point source pollution, generally, various pollutants deposited on an urban underlying surface are discharged into a storage water body along with runoff under the action of leaching and scouring of the rainfall runoff to generate pollution, and the urban non-point source pollution has the characteristics of wide source, random distribution and difficulty in control. On the other hand, in the urban industrial area, the production and service activities are concentrated, the pollutants are various, the load is high, the heavy metal pollutants are obvious, the initial scouring effect is prominent, and the influence of rainfall runoff pollution on the water environment is more prominent due to the relatively single structure of the internal land in the industrial concentrated area. Along with the development of novel rainfall flood management measure theory, the practice that utilizes various rainfall flood management measures to regulate and control city rainfall runoff total amount, peak value and pollutant load is more and more, but the more measure of adopting at present concentrates on green roof mostly, the source reduction measures such as permeable pavement, rainwater bucket, rainwater garden, and the great building area in urban industry concentrated region, less flat roof and higher not permeable rate for it is great to only rely on the source management measure to carry out the management and control degree of difficulty to rainfall runoff pollution.
Through retrieval, related applications are disclosed in the prior art, and an application with the Chinese patent application number of 201210210495.1 discloses a non-point source pollution control technology based on point-line-plane three-dimensional configuration, which can adapt to the instability of non-point source pollution in rural areas, but the adopted system is complex and is not suitable for development and construction in cities. The Chinese patent application No. 201521116275.8 discloses a rainwater runoff control system with a water quality purification function, and the method adopts different types of rainwater runoff control measures which are arranged in parallel, so that the urban water-logging disaster is reduced, and the rainwater runoff control system also has the water quality purification function. The Chinese patent application No. 201610002051.7 discloses a 'urban runoff non-point source pollution advanced treatment and recycling process', which can treat non-point source pollution on site and provide landscape effect, but is suitable for urban road runoff treatment, cannot deeply treat large-area buildings and other runoff pollution on permeable surfaces, and is lack of systematicness.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the characteristics of multiple rainfall runoff pollutants and large load in urban industrial centralized areas and the defects of general integration degree and incapability of deep treatment of non-point source pollution treatment systems in the prior art, the invention constructs a rainfall runoff flow and water quality control system which is suitable for being constructed in the urban industrial centralized areas and integrates 'source-transmission-tail end' measures. The system can reduce the total amount and peak value of the rainfall runoff in the city, reduce the scouring of the runoff on accumulated pollutants on the earth surface, and simultaneously can treat and purify the runoff pollutants on site, thereby effectively regulating and controlling the rainfall runoff pollution in the urban industrial concentration area from the two aspects of reducing the water amount and purifying the water quality. And the advanced treatment of rainfall runoff in urban industrial centralized areas with various pollutant types and large load can be realized.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a rainfall runoff water quality control system of an urban industry concentration area integrating source-transmission-tail end measures, which comprises an interception system, a treatment system, a transmission system and a receiving water body; the interception system comprises a green roof, the treatment system comprises a biological retention facility and a wet retention pool, and the transmission system comprises a grass planting ditch and a rainwater pipe network A; the intercepting system, the biological detention facility and the grass planting ditch are sequentially communicated, the water outlet ends of the biological detention facility and the grass planting ditch are respectively communicated with the water inlet end of the water pipe network A, the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network A is communicated with the water inlet end of the wet-type detention pool, and the water outlet end of the wet-type detention pool is communicated with the receiving water body.
In the using process of the system, rainfall runoff firstly carries out initial interception and primary purification on rainwater through a green roof; the intercepted runoff is further subjected to retention, infiltration and purification in a biological retention facility, so that the total amount of the runoff and the total amount of pollutants entering a transmission stage are reduced; the transmission system comprises a grass planting ditch and a rainwater pipe network A, and runoff discharged by the biological retention facility is transmitted and absorbed through the grass planting ditch; and finally, the runoff is discharged to a rainwater pipe network A through the grass planting ditch and then is intensively discharged to a wet retention pond, runoff before being discharged into a receiving water body is subjected to stagnation storage and temporary storage in the wet retention pond, and pollutants such as heavy metal, nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff are subjected to centralized purification through plants and microorganisms, so that the water yield and the water quality control level of rainfall runoff are further improved.
The rainfall runoff transmitted by the grass planting ditch is intercepted by the vegetation layer, retained by sandstone, adsorbed by grease, absorbed and infiltrated by the stagnant water layer, enters the perforated pipe through the drainage layer and is drained into the rainwater pipe network A. In addition, when the runoff exceeds the facility regulation volume, the water body treated by the biological retention facility enters the rainwater pipe network A; and then discharged to the wet retention tank through the rainwater pipe network a.
The above-mentioned integrated system is laid out according to the position of its various measures in the rainwater treatment chain, in which the green roof is positioned on the upper cover of the flat roof building of the industrial area, the bioretention facilities are positioned in the green land in the plant area, the grass-planting ditches are positioned in the plant area and in the green belt around the urban road, and the wet-type detention pond is positioned in the undeveloped land near the water source.
Preferably, the treatment system further comprises a dry retention tank, and the dry retention tank is communicated or not communicated with the interception system; the transmission system also comprises a rainwater pipe network B; the water outlet end of the dry type detention pond is communicated with the water inlet end of the rainwater pipe network B and the water inlet end of the wet type detention pond respectively, and the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network B is communicated with the wet type detention pond. The rainfall runoff of undeveloped plots is treated by a dry detention pond.
Generally, bioretention facilities, a dry-type retention pond and a wet-type retention pond are a large class of bioretention facilities, specifically, the bioretention facilities are Rain gardens (Rain gardens) in the prior art, are generally small in size, are suitable for being built in a field, need to plant various water-resistant plants beside the pond, and do not accumulate water at ordinary times; the Dry detention Pond (Dry Pond) is larger than a rainwater garden, is generally used for planting few plants such as lawns and the like, does not accumulate water at ordinary times, and generally plays a role in regulating and storing large capacity in the rainfall process; the scale of the Wet retention Pond (Wet Pond) is large, accumulated water can be stored at ordinary times, more emergent, floating and submerged plants can be planted, rainwater can be stored in the rainfall process, and pollutants in the rainwater can be degraded under the action of plants and microorganisms when the rain stops.
In a preferred scheme, the green roof comprises a vegetable layer, a planting layer, a filtering layer, a drainage layer, a root separation layer and a waterproof layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and/or the biological retention facility comprises a vegetation layer, a water retention layer and a drainage layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and/or the grass planting ditch comprises a vegetation layer, a water retention layer and a drainage layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and/or the wet retention tank comprises a vegetation layer, a protective layer and a filter layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
In a preferable scheme, the interception system further comprises a rain barrel, and the water inlet end of the rain barrel is connected or not connected with the water outlet end of the green roof; the rainwater bucket water outlet end is connected with the biological retention facility water inlet end. The rain bucket also plays a role in interception, and is usually arranged near the water outlet of the building downpipe.
Preferably, the rain barrel is a finished rain barrel or a PP underground rain collecting module and is connected with a water outlet of the roof downpipe; the rain barrel water outlet is connected with the biological detention facility.
In a preferable scheme, an overflow pipe is arranged on a pipeline between the biological retention facility and the rainwater pipe network A; and/or an overflow pipe is arranged on a pipeline between the dry retention pond and the rainwater pipe network B.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in a centralized area of urban industry by using the integrated source-transmission-end measures, comprising the following steps:
1) controlling the source of the rainwater: the interception system carries out primary interception and stagnation storage on rainwater falling onto the building;
2) the rainwater treated in the step 1) enters a biological detention facility for treatment, the detention, infiltration and purification are carried out on the rainwater, runoff is converged into a transmission system through a perforated pipe and enters a wet detention pond through the transmission system, and the water body is further filtered and adsorbed through the wet detention pond and is denitrified and dephosphorized through biological action;
3) and (3) the water body treated in the step 2) enters a receiving water body.
In a preferable scheme, the water body treated by the bioretention facility in the step 2) enters the rainwater pipe network A after being treated by the grass planting ditches when the runoff does not exceed the regulation volume, and is discharged to the wet-type detention pond through the rainwater pipe network A; when the runoff exceeds the facility storage capacity, the rainwater enters the rainwater pipe network A; and then discharged to the wet retention tank through the rainwater pipe network a.
Preferably, in the step 2), the rainfall runoff of the undeveloped plot is treated by a dry detention pond, one part of the water treated by the dry detention pond flows into the wet detention pond, the other part of the water enters a rainwater pipe network B through an overflow pipe, and the water enters the wet detention pond through the rainwater pipe network B for treatment.
In a preferred scheme, the green roof is respectively provided with a vegetable layer, a planting layer, a filtering layer, a drainage layer, a root separation layer and a waterproof layer from top to bottom; the vegetable layer is made of flowers and grass which are drought-resistant, cold-resistant and meet the ecological environment protection requirement; planting media of 10 cm-30 cm are paved on the planting layer; 200-250 g/m of filter layer laying2Polyester non-woven fabrics and the like prevent the loss of planting soil; pebbles with the grain diameter of 2 cm-5 cm are paved on the drainage layer to help draining accumulated water in time; the waterproof layer adopts coiled materials or coatings and the like which have excellent water resistance, corrosion resistance and mildew and rot resistance and strong adaptability to the expansion or cracking deformation of the base layer as a flexible waterproof layer; the rainwater after intercepting and filtering is collected and transmitted to the downpipe by means of roof slope finding, and the bottom of the downpipe is discharged to a biological retention facility through an initial rainwater discarding device.
Preferably, the bioretention facility is planted with herbaceous plants along the periphery of the facility; the method comprises the steps of respectively arranging a vegetation layer, a water retaining layer and a drainage layer from top to bottom, wherein the vegetation layer is 20-30 cm lower than the periphery, planting herbaceous plants, 25-100 cm of planting soil is paved on the water retaining layer, a 10cm sand layer is paved at the bottom, 25-30 cm of gravels are paved in the drainage layer, the particle size is not smaller than the aperture of a perforated pipe, a phi 100-phi 150 perforated pipe is buried at the bottom for drainage, the perforated pipe is connected with an urban rainwater pipe network A, an overflow vertical pipe is arranged in the facility, and the bottom is connected with the perforated pipe.
Preferably, the longitudinal slope of the grass planting ditch is 1-5%, the section side slope is 1: 3-1: 2, and the width is 0.6-2.4 m; the vegetation layer, the stagnant water layer and the drainage layer are respectively arranged from top to bottom, dense turf is planted in the vegetation layer to avoid planting arbor and shrub plants, sandy soil with the thickness of 18 cm-22 cm is paved on the stagnant water layer, gravels with the particle size of 25 cm-30 cm are paved on the drainage layer, the particle size is not smaller than the aperture of the perforated pipe, the bottom of the perforated pipe is buried with phi 100-phi 150 perforated pipe for drainage, and the perforated pipe is connected with the urban rainwater pipe network A.
Preferably, the wet retention tank: the water depth is 0.5 m-2.5 m, the slope gradient is not more than 1:6, and the runoff retention time is more than 1 day; respectively arranging a vegetation layer, a protective layer and a filter layer from top to bottom, wherein the vegetation layer is used for planting emergent aquatic plants and floating plants in an area with shallow water depth, sandy soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved on the protective layer, and coarse sand is paved on the filter layer to be used as a filter layer; the bottom of one side of the outlet of the pool is provided with an emptying pipe and an automatic discharging device; one side of the outlet of the pool is provided with an overflow vertical pipe and an overflow spillway, and the overflow vertical pipe and the overflow spillway can be automatically discharged into a receiving water body after the water quantity exceeds the height of the vertical pipe.
Preferably, the depth of the dry detention pond is 1 m-3 m, the slope gradient is not more than 1:4, the runoff detention time is less than 1 day, and the length-width ratio is 3: 1-4: 1; respectively arranging a vegetation layer and a filter layer from top to bottom, wherein the vegetation layer is used for planting turf, coarse sand is paved on the filter layer to serve as the filter layer, and the bottom of one side of the outlet of the pond is provided with an air discharge pipe and an automatic discharge device; one side of the outlet of the pond is provided with an overflow vertical pipe and an overflow spillway.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the system has the capability of efficiently controlling water quantity and water quality, aims at the characteristics of multiple types and large load of rainfall pollutants in urban industrial concentration areas, combines the time sequence of development of industrial concentration areas, and overcomes the defect that most of rainwater runoff is primarily reduced and treated by a cut-off system in the prior art.
(2) According to the water quantity and quality control system, effective combinations of different treatment stages are formed according to the structural characteristics of different treatments of the bioretention facilities, the grass planting ditch and the wet-type retention pond, firstly, the bioretention facilities are utilized to collect and precipitate rainwater runoff which is primarily purified after source closure, macromolecular pollutants are removed, and TN and TP in the rainwater runoff are removed; then the purified rainwater runoff is discharged to grass planting ditches on two sides of a road by using an underground pipeline for next-step transmission, the plants in the grass planting ditches are used for further removing macromolecules and large-particle pollutants in the transmission process, and the runoff transmitted by the grass planting ditches can reduce the influence on the urban receiving water body; the rainwater runoff is purified by the source and the transmission two stages, is finally collected to the rainwater pipe network, is discharged to the wet retention pond through the rainwater pipe network, and is subjected to concentrated purification on TSS, TN, TP, organic matters and heavy metals in the rainwater runoff through precipitation, biochemistry and physicochemical effects, and the combination of the system can realize the efficient removal of the heavy metals, TN, TP, organic matters and the like in the rainwater runoff in the urban industrial concentration area.
(3) The water quantity and quality control system is suitable for cities, particularly for the rainfall flood management measures of the regions with large-area single buildings and high-impermeability ground surfaces, such as urban industrial centralized regions, reasonably links and assembles to form an urban rainfall runoff water quantity and quality control system which can converge and be centrally treated from the source of runoff generation to the transmission process and then to the tail end, improves the rainwater interception rate and the reduction rate of various pollutants through multi-stage treatment, can realize the close combination of the construction process with the existing green land and river lake water surface construction, and can realize the construction of the system through simple development.
(4) According to the water quantity and water quality control system, the wet retention tank and the dry retention tank are arranged at the same time by combining the to-be-built plots, so that the to-be-built plots in an industrial concentration area can be efficiently utilized, the targets of rainfall runoff water quantity and water quality control can be met, and the land utilization efficiency can be improved. The characteristics of land utilization that the land is not utilized for construction and is suitable for urban industrial construction areas are combined, the feasibility of the invention in the areas is improved, and the flexibility of the invention combination is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a rainfall runoff water quality control system of an urban industry concentration area integrating source-transmission-end measures according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a rainfall runoff water quality control system of an urban industry concentration area integrating source-transmission-tail end measures, which comprises an interception system, a treatment system, a transmission system and a receiving water body; the intercepting system comprises a green roof and a rainwater barrel, the processing system comprises a biological detention facility, a dry detention pool and a wet detention pool, and the transmission system comprises a grass planting ditch, a rainwater pipe network A and a rainwater pipe network B; the intercepting system, the biological detention facility and the grass planting ditch are sequentially communicated, the water outlet ends of the biological detention facility and the grass planting ditch are respectively communicated with the water inlet end of the water pipe network A, the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network A is communicated with the water inlet end of the wet-type detention pool, and the water outlet end of the wet-type detention pool is communicated with the receiving water body. The water outlet end of the dry type detention pond is communicated with the water inlet end of the rainwater pipe network B and the water inlet end of the wet type detention pond respectively, and the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network B is communicated with the wet type detention pond.
In the using process of the system, rainfall runoff firstly carries out initial interception and primary purification on rainwater through the interception system; the intercepted runoff is further subjected to retention, infiltration and purification in a biological retention facility, so that the total amount of the runoff and the total amount of pollutants entering a transmission stage are reduced; carrying out transmission and adsorption on runoff discharged by the biological retention facility through the grass planting ditch; the runoff is discharged into a rainwater pipe network A through the grass planting ditch, is intensively discharged into a wet retention pond through the rainwater pipe network A, is subjected to stagnation storage and temporary storage on runoff before being discharged into a receiving water body in the wet retention pond, and is subjected to centralized purification on pollutants such as heavy metal, nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff through plants and microorganisms, so that the water yield and the water quality control level of rainfall runoff are further improved.
In addition, when the runoff exceeds the storage capacity of the facility, the runoff is connected with a rainwater pipe network A through an overflow pipe; collected by a rainwater pipe network A and discharged to a wet retention pond for treatment.
The rainfall runoff of undeveloped plots is treated by adopting a dry detention pond, one part of water treated by the dry detention pond flows into a wet detention pond, the other part of water enters a rainwater pipe network B through an overflow pipe, and enters the wet detention pond for treatment through the rainwater pipe network B.
The green roof is respectively provided with a vegetable layer, a planting layer, a filter layer, a drainage layer, a root separation layer and a waterproof layer from top to bottom; the vegetable layer is made of flowers and grass which are drought-resistant, cold-resistant and meet the ecological environment protection requirement; planting media of 10 cm-30 cm are paved on the planting layer; 200-250 g/m of filter layer laying2Polyester non-woven fabrics and the like prevent the loss of planting soil; pebbles with the grain diameter of 2 cm-5 cm are paved on the drainage layer to help draining accumulated water in time; the waterproof layer adopts coiled materials or coatings and the like which have excellent water resistance, corrosion resistance and mildew and rot resistance and strong adaptability to the expansion or cracking deformation of the base layer as a flexible waterproof layer; the rainwater after intercepting and filtering is collected and transmitted to the downpipe by means of roof slope finding, and the bottom of the downpipe is discharged to a biological retention facility through an initial rainwater discarding device.
The rain bucket adopts a finished rain bucket or a PP underground rain collecting module and is connected with the water outlet of the roof downpipe; the rain barrel water outlet is connected with the biological detention facility. Roofing runoff is carried to the rainwater bucket through the downpipe and is deposited and recycle in, deposits some large granule pollutant simultaneously in the rainwater bucket.
The bioretention facility comprises a vegetable layer, a water retaining layer and a drainage layer which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, and herbaceous plants are planted along the periphery of the facility; the vegetation layer is 20 cm-30 cm lower than the periphery of the facility, herbaceous plants are planted, 25 cm-100 cm of planting soil is paved on the stagnant water layer, a 10cm sand layer is paved at the bottom, 25 cm-30 cm of gravels are paved in the drainage layer, the grain diameter is not smaller than the aperture of the perforated pipe, a phi 100-phi 150 perforated pipe is buried at the bottom for drainage, the perforated pipe is connected with a city rainwater pipe network, an overflow vertical pipe is arranged in the facility, and the bottom is connected with the perforated pipe.
The grass planting ditch is provided with a vegetable layer, a water retaining layer and a drainage layer from top to bottom in sequence. 1-5% of longitudinal slope, 1: 3-1: 2 of section side slope and 0.6-2.4 m of width; dense turf is planted in the vegetation layer, arbor and shrub plants are prevented from being planted, sandy soil with the thickness of 18 cm-22 cm is paved on the stagnant water layer, gravels with the thickness of 25 cm-30 cm are paved on the drainage layer, the particle size is not smaller than the aperture of the perforated pipe, the bottom of the drainage layer is embedded with a phi 100-phi 150 perforated pipe for drainage, and the perforated pipe is connected with the urban rainwater pipe network A.
The water depth of the wet detention pond is 0.5 m-2.5 m, the slope gradient is not more than 1:6, and the runoff detention time is more than 1 day; respectively arranging a vegetation layer, a protective layer and a filter layer from top to bottom, wherein the vegetation layer is used for planting emergent aquatic plants and floating plants in an area with shallow water depth, sandy soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm is paved on the protective layer, and coarse sand is paved on the filter layer to be used as a filter layer; the bottom of one side of the outlet of the pool is provided with an emptying pipe and an automatic discharging device; one side of the outlet of the pool is provided with an overflow vertical pipe and an overflow spillway, and the overflow vertical pipe and the overflow spillway can be automatically discharged into a receiving water body after the water quantity exceeds the height of the vertical pipe.
The depth of the dry detention pond is 1 m-3 m, the slope gradient is not more than 1:4, the runoff detention time is less than 1 day, and the length-width ratio is 3: 1-4: 1; respectively arranging a vegetation layer and a filter layer from top to bottom, wherein the vegetation layer is used for planting turf, coarse sand is paved on the filter layer to serve as the filter layer, and the bottom of one side of the outlet of the pond is provided with an air discharge pipe and an automatic discharge device; one side of the outlet of the pond is provided with an overflow vertical pipe and an overflow spillway.
The process of rainwater treatment by the system of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
1) controlling the source of rainwater, intercepting rainwater falling onto a building by using a vegetation layer by an interception system (mainly a green roof), and carrying out stagnation storage on the vegetation layer and a filter layer;
2) the runoff of the road surface and the excessive roof runoff enter a biological detention facility, the vegetation planted around the runoff enters a biological detention facility for primary filtration, large-particle pollutants are removed in advance, the flow velocity is reduced, the runoff infiltrates downwards through a vegetation layer and a stagnant water layer to supply underground water, meanwhile, the ammonia nitrogen is adsorbed through the functions of absorption, nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal of plant root systems, the degradation of organic matters is accelerated, heavy metals are chemically fixed, pathogens are disinfected, the effective control of runoff pollution is strengthened, the runoff converges into a grass planting ditch through a perforated pipe, the sandstone is entrapped through the vegetation layer in the grass planting ditch, the grease is adsorbed, the seepage and the infiltration are carried out through the stagnant water layer, and the runoff enters the perforated pipe through a drainage layer and is discharged into a rainwater pipe network A;
3) when the runoff exceeds the storage capacity of the facility, the runoff is connected with a rainwater pipe network A through an overflow pipe; the rainfall runoff is collected by the rainwater pipe network A and discharged to the wet retention tank, the runoff is further filtered and adsorbed by the protective layer and the filter layer, nitrogen and phosphorus are removed by biological action, emergent water and floating water plants in the vegetation layer are utilized to carry out nitrification and denitrification promotion, ammonia nitrogen adsorption, phosphate crystallization promotion, organic matter degradation, heavy metal chemical fixation and pathogenic bacteria disinfection, and the rainfall runoff pollution in the urban industrial concentrated area is effectively controlled by the physicochemical and biochemical reactions; the construction and operation cost is low, the dirt-removing capacity is strong, the service life is long, the process is simple, the combination is diversified, the runoff pollutants entering the receiving water body can be obviously controlled, and the economic benefit is higher;
4) rainfall runoff of undeveloped plots enters a dry-type detention pool, slowly infiltrates in runoff detention time to reduce the total runoff amount, and meanwhile, a vegetable layer is utilized for ammonia nitrogen adsorption and organic matter degradation to reduce runoff pollution load, and then enters a wet-type detention pool for treatment; when the runoff exceeds the storage volume, the runoff is discharged into a rainwater pipe network B through an overflow pipe; the rainfall runoff discharged to the wet type detention pond through the rainwater pipe network B is treated through the wet type detention pond, and the effective control on the rainfall runoff pollution of the urban industry centralized area is realized.
Example 2
The treatment method in example 1 was used to control the rainfall runoff water flow and water quality in one industrial concentration area of 65.46 hectares. The scale of the system was: green roof 0.93 hectare, rain water barrel total volume 600 cubic meter (1.5 meter diameter finished product barrel), biological detention facility 1.27 hectare, grass planting ditch 1.2 hectare, dry detention pond 0.22 hectare, wet detention pond 0.25 hectare. In a rainfall event with the rainfall of 28.6mm and the rainfall duration of 2h, the runoff total reduction rate is 53.74 percent, and the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load reduction rate are 63.48 percent, 66.89 percent, 64.56 percent and 63.86 percent respectively. Under the condition that the annual rainfall is 633.3mm, the reduction rate of the total annual runoff amount is 67.22%, and the reduction rates of the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load of the annual runoff are 66.43%, 77.13%, 71.10% and 66.60% respectively.
Example 3
The treatment method in example 1 was used to control the rainfall runoff water flow and water quality in one industrial concentration area of 139.46 hectares. The scale of the system was: green roof 0.91 hectare, rain water bucket total volume 1200 cubic meters (1.5 meters diameter finished product bucket), biological detention facility 3.55 hectare, grass planting ditch 2.8 hectare, dry detention pond 1.4 hectare, wet detention pond 0.17 hectare. In a rainfall event with 31.6mm of rainfall and 5h of rainfall duration, the runoff total reduction rate is 52.57 percent, and the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load reduction rate are 77.56 percent, 74.23 percent, 75.65 percent and 77.44 percent respectively. Under the condition that the annual rainfall is 633.3mm, the reduction rate of the total annual runoff amount is 52.73%, and the reduction rates of the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load of the annual runoff are 63.65%, 72.87%, 67.89% and 64.23%, respectively.
Example 4
The treatment method in example 1 was used to control the rainfall runoff water flow and water quality in one industrial concentration area of 254.79 hectares. The scale of the system was: green roof 0.08 hectare, rain water bucket total volume 600 cubic meters (1.5 meters diameter finished product bucket), biological detention facility 4.7 hectare, grass planting ditch 2.94 hectare, dry detention pond 4.2 hectare, wet detention pond 0.89 hectare. In a rainfall event with the rainfall of 16mm and the rainfall duration of 1h, the runoff total reduction rate is 76.26 percent, and the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load reduction rate are 85.46 percent, 84.25 percent, 85.07 percent and 85.56 percent respectively. Under the condition that the annual rainfall is 633.3mm, the reduction rate of the total annual runoff amount is 91.66 percent, and the reduction rates of the TSS load, the COD load, the TN load and the TP load of the annual runoff are 95.24 percent, 95.38 percent, 95.05 percent and 95.19 percent respectively.

Claims (8)

1. A rainfall runoff water quality control system of an urban industry centralized area integrating source-transmission-terminal measures is characterized in that: comprises an interception system, a processing system, a transmission system and a receiving water body; the interception system comprises a green roof, the treatment system comprises a biological retention facility and a wet retention pool, and the transmission system comprises a grass planting ditch and a rainwater pipe network A; the interception system, the biological retention facility and the grass planting ditch are sequentially communicated, the water outlet ends of the biological retention facility and the grass planting ditch are respectively communicated with the water inlet end of a rainwater pipe network A, the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network A is communicated with the water inlet end of the wet-type retention pool, and the water outlet end of the wet-type retention pool is communicated with the receiving water body; the treatment system further comprises a dry retention tank, and the dry retention tank is communicated or not communicated with the interception system; the transmission system also comprises a rainwater pipe network B; the water outlet end of the dry type detention pond is communicated with the water inlet end of the rainwater pipe network B, and the water outlet end of the rainwater pipe network B is communicated with the wet type detention pond.
2. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 1, wherein: the green roof comprises a vegetable layer, a planting layer, a filtering layer, a drainage layer, a root separation layer and a waterproof layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and/or the biological retention facility comprises a vegetation layer, a water retention layer and a drainage layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and/or the grass planting ditch comprises a vegetation layer, a water retention layer and a drainage layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; and/or the wet retention tank comprises a vegetation layer, a protective layer and a filter layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
3. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 2, wherein: the interception system also comprises a rain barrel, and the water inlet end of the rain barrel is connected or not connected with the water outlet end of the green roof; the rainwater bucket water outlet end is connected with the biological retention facility water inlet end.
4. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 3, wherein: an overflow pipe is arranged on a pipeline between the biological retention facility and the rainwater pipe network A; and/or an overflow pipe is arranged on a pipeline between the dry retention pond and the rainwater pipe network B.
5. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 4, wherein: the depth of the wet detention pond is 0.5-2.5 m, and the slope gradient is not more than 1: 6; and/or the longitudinal slope of the grass planting ditch is 1-5%, and the width is 0.6-2.4 m; the section side slope is 1: 3-1: 2.
6. A method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in a centralized area of the urban industry using the integrated source-transmission-end measure of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
1) controlling the source of the rainwater: the interception system carries out primary interception and stagnation storage on rainwater falling onto the building;
2) the rainwater treated in the step 1) enters a biological detention facility for treatment, the detention, infiltration and purification are carried out on the rainwater, runoff is converged into a transmission system through a perforated pipe and enters a wet detention pond through the transmission system, and the water body is further filtered and adsorbed through the wet detention pond and is denitrified and dephosphorized through biological action;
3) and (3) the water body treated in the step 2) enters a receiving water body.
7. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 6, wherein: the water body treated by the biological detention facility in the step 2) enters the rainwater pipe network A after being treated by the grass planting ditch when the runoff does not exceed the regulation volume, and is discharged to the wet detention pond through the rainwater pipe network A; when the runoff exceeds the facility storage capacity, the rainwater directly enters the rainwater pipe network A; and then discharged to the wet retention tank through the rainwater pipe network a.
8. The system for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industrial concentration areas integrating source-transmission-end measures according to claim 7, wherein: in the step 2), the rainfall runoff of the undeveloped plot is treated by adopting a dry detention pond, one part of the water treated by the dry detention pond flows into a wet detention pond, the other part of the water enters a rainwater pipe network B through an overflow pipe, and then enters the wet detention pond through the rainwater pipe network B.
CN202011362568.XA 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures Active CN112627304B (en)

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US9512606B2 (en) * 2011-08-21 2016-12-06 Oldcastle Precast, Inc. Bioretention swale overflow filter
KR101224277B1 (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-01-21 안중록 Keeping treatment system of primary stage rainwater for separation seeage and valleywater using the water-storage tank
CN205205999U (en) * 2015-11-23 2016-05-04 深圳市深港产学研环保工程技术股份有限公司 Regulation and clean system of rainwater
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CN108729326A (en) * 2018-07-16 2018-11-02 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 Self-purification drainage system for the strand highway construction of sponge city
CN109356225A (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-02-19 上海园林绿化建设有限公司 A kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system
CN110195463A (en) * 2019-05-16 2019-09-03 苏州市清泽环境技术有限公司 A kind of the sponge urban rainwater processing system and method for Control the Plan Pollution Sources

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