CN109356225A - A kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system - Google Patents
A kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109356225A CN109356225A CN201811423152.7A CN201811423152A CN109356225A CN 109356225 A CN109356225 A CN 109356225A CN 201811423152 A CN201811423152 A CN 201811423152A CN 109356225 A CN109356225 A CN 109356225A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/101—Dedicated additional structures, interposed or parallel to the sewer system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization systems, comprising several various forms of low influence development facilities, mainly there are permeable pavement, Green Roof, sunk type greenery patches, biology to be detained facility, the infiltration pool, seepage well, the wet pool, Rain-fed wetland, reservoir, rainwater tank, adjust the pool, conditioning tank, grass planting ditch, seepage pipe, vegetation buffer strip, early-stage rainwater stream abandoning facility, artificial soil infiltration；Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system provided by the invention is collected utilization to rainwater, not only can be relieved city and has relied on tap water, but also can solve pollution of waterhead, has been finally reached the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly.On the other hand, reuse rainwater can also accomplish that urban area is self-sufficient to a certain degree, and for the city of rapid development, especially city is constantly expanded, and when subsequent matched pipe network can not be kept up with, using rainwater reuse.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rainwater ecological utilization system technical fields, and furtherly more particularly to a kind of functional rain is aquatic
State utilizes system.
Background technique
Water is the Source of life of the mankind.It is not only necessary to human survival, and is largely used to agricultural, manufactures
Industry, mining industry, production of energy etc., therefore the today increasingly lacked in water resource, for descendants, we must use sustainable development
The eye of exhibition carrys out water conservation, and rainwater was not only natural but also inexhaustible, therefore using rainwater as a kind of resource recycling, and
It is quite beneficial for being utilized using necessary rainwater recycle for saving water resource, equally can more bring economic effect using rainwater
Benefit.
The area of High-speed Urbanization, water resources problems have become an important factor for restricting urban development, are real
The target of existing scientific development, it is necessary to which the road of sustainable development is walked in selection.It is to solve municipal water to provide that Rainwater Resources in Urban Area, which utilizes,
Source shortage, control Urban Rainwater Runoff Pollution, reduce the effective way of city big flood, should be by rainwater utilization and rainwater runoff pollution
Control, urban flood defence, the improvement of ecological environment combine, and should adhere to that technology and non-technical measure are laid equal stress on, engineering measure with it is non-
The principle of engineering measure, adaptation to local conditions are used on a selective basis, and economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit are taken into account, and sample is simultaneous
It controls, the sustainable development for promoting city water resource to utilize.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem and the technical solution adopted is that provide a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological use
System, wherein the specific technical proposal is:
Including
Permeable pavement
Permeable pavement can be divided into that water-permeable brick is mated formation, water-permeable cement concrete is mated formation and pervious asphalt according to surface material difference
Concrete pavement, embedding grass brick, the cobblestone in garden paving, rubble are mated formation；
The next system of permeable pavement is that biology is detained facility；
Biology is detained facility and refers in the lower region of topography, is stored by plant, soil and microflora and seeps, purifies runoff
The facility of rainwater, biology is detained facility and is divided into simple type biology delay facility and complexity biology delay facility, by application site
Difference is also referred to as Rain Garden, biological stranded belt, high-order flower bed, ecology tree pond；
Biology delay facility should meet claimed below:
(1) for seriously polluted water catchment area should select grass planting ditch, vegetation buffer strip or sedimentation basin etc. to runoff rainwater into
Row pretreatment, removes the pollutant of bulky grain and slows down flow velocity；The measures such as abandoned stream, salt discharge should be taken to prevent deicing salt or petroleum-type
Etc. high concentrations pollutant encroach on plant；
(2) Roof Runoff rainwater can be accessed biology delay facility by rainwater down pipe, and road runoff rainwater can be slitted by kerbstone
Mouth enters, and kerbstone gap size and number should be computed determination according to road longitudinal grade etc.；
(3) when biology is detained facility applied to road green belt, if road longitudinal grade is greater than 1%, overfall/platform should be set
Bank, to slow down flow velocity and increase rain penetration amount；Facility should carry out Anti-seeping technology close to roadbed part, prevent steady to road foundation
It is qualitative to impact；
(4) biology, which is detained in facility, should be arranged overfall facility, and overflow vertical tube, lid comb overflow well or inlet for stom water etc. can be used,
Overfall facility top should generally be lower than gathering ground 100mm；
(5) biology is detained the suitable dispersed placement of facility and scale should not be too large, and biology is detained facility area and gathering ground area
The ratio between generally 5%-10%；
(6) complexity biology be detained facility structure layer on the outside of and bottom permeable geotextiles should be set, prevent around original soil invade
Enter, think that lower infiltration can cause Adjacent Buildings to collapse risk Ru evaluated, or plans bottom water outlet when carrying out harvesting reuse,
Facility bottom and periphery can be detained in biology and antiseepage film is set；
(7) the water storage layer depth that biology is detained facility should be determined according to plant ability of inundation and soil moisture monitoring, one
As be 200-300mm, and the superelevation of 100mm should be set；Soil removal and replacement layer media type and depth should meet effluent quality requirement, should also accord with
Close planting and the requirement of afforestation management technique；To prevent soil removal and replacement layer medium to be lost, soil removal and replacement layer bottom is generally arranged
Permeable geotextiles separation layer can also be used layer of sand of the thickness not less than 100mm and replace；Gravel layer plays a role in the drainage, thickness one
As be 250-300mm, can the embedding caliber in its bottom be 100-150mm perforated drain pipe, gravel should be cleaned and partial size is not small
In the open pore size of perforated pipe；To improve the pondage capacity that biology is detained facility, can be added in perforation bottom of the tube certain thickness
Gravel is regulated and stored layer.
It is the infiltration pool that biology, which is detained the next system of facility:
Permeating the pool is a kind of depression for rainwater infiltration recharge of groundwater, with certain purifying rainwater and cuts down peak value
The effect of flow；
The infiltration pool should meet claimed below:
(1) pretreatment such as setting pot, preposition pool facility should be set before permeating the pool, remove the pollutant of bulky grain and slow down stream
Speed；There is the city of snowfall, the measures such as abandoned stream, salt discharge should be taken to prevent deicing salt from encroaching on plant；
(2) pool grade of side slope is permeated, is not more than 1:3, pool bottom to flood level is typically no less than 0.6m；
(3) filtering of infiltration pool bottom construction generally planting soil of 200-300mm, permeable geotextiles and 300-500mm
Dielectric layer；
(4) infiltration pool emptying time should not exceed for 24 hours；
(5) the infiltration pool should set overfall facility, and be connected with urban rainwater canal system system and exceeded rainfall runoff exhaust system,
Infiltration pool periphery should set safety prevention measure and warning sign.
Permeating the next system in the pool is vegetation buffer strip:
Constructing vegetation buffer strip is the more slow vegetation region of the gradient, intercepts through vegetation and soil bacterial diversity effect slows down rainwash
Flow velocity, and some of the contaminants in runoff are removed, the vegetation buffer strip gradient is generally 2%-6%, and width is not preferably less than 2m.
The next system of vegetation buffer strip is grass planting ditch:
Grass planting ditch refers to kind of the earth's surface irrigation canals and ditches for having vegetation, collects, conveys and discharge runoff rainwater, and have certain rainwater
Catharsis can be used for being connected other each individual event facilities, urban rainwater canal system system and exceeded rainfall runoff exhaust system.Except turn
Outside defeated type grass planting ditch, further includes the dry type grass planting ditch of osmosis type and the wet type grass planting ditch of Chang Youshui, runoff volume can be respectively increased
With runoff pollution control effect.
The next system of grass planting ditch is to adjust the pool:
To cut down based on peak flow function, generally it is made of water inlet, regulatory region, exit facility, slope protection and embankment,
Infiltration function can be made it have by rationally designing, play the role of certain recharge of groundwater and purifying rainwater；
The adjusting pool should meet claimed below:
(1) energy-dissipating installations such as rubble, energy dissipating bank should be arranged in water inlet, prevent current scour and erosion；
(2) the preposition pool should be arranged to pre-process runoff rainwater；
(3) regulatory region depth is generally 0.6-3m, can be with planting aquatic plants to reduce flow velocity, enhancing rainwater purification in the pool
Effect.When pool bottom is designed to permeable, pool bottom percolation identity distance is no less than 1m from seasonal highest level of ground water or lithosphere,
3m is no less than apart from building basis；
(4) it adjusts the pool to go out drainage facility and be generally configured to multistage water outlet form, to control to adjust pool water level, increases rainwater water
The power residence time (generally no greater than for 24 hours) controls outlet flow；
(5) security protections such as guardrail, warning sign and cautionary measure should be arranged by adjusting the pool.
Adjusting the next system in the pool is reservoir:
Reservoir refers to the collection storage utilization facility with rainwater storage function, while also having the function of cutting down peak flow,
It mainly include reinforced concrete earth-dammed reservoir, brick, barnacle build reservoir and plastics water storage module pin-connected panel reservoir, land used anxiety
City mostly uses greatly underground closed reservoir, and reservoir is suitable for the building and cell, urban green space of rain reuse demand,
It need to be matched according to rainwater reuse purposes difference and build corresponding rainwater purification facility；It is not suitable for no rainwater reuse demand and runoff pollution
Serious area.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects with respect to the prior art:
Save city water resource:
The urban road that gradually increases in recent years rinses, shine water and subtract mist, and even city car-washing industry gradually increases, right
Also accordingly increase in the demand of city tap-water, and water supply burden, the waste of the raw waters resource such as tap water and excessively use,
So that reuse rainwater also increasingly increases as the cry at cycling use of water water source.
Improve urban water resource environment:
Development and utilization to urban rainwater resources, earth's surface river, the water bodys such as lake and underground water opposite will be reduced with water,
The normal Eco-environmental Water Demand for being conducive to maintain the natural water bodies such as river, lake, underground water source, on the other hand by collecting rainwater
It regulates and stores the runnings of structures, can both alleviate the effectiveness factors in city, can also turn waste into wealth, dilute sewage pollutant improves
The water quality of sewage.
With economy and ecological significance:
Utilization is collected to rainwater, city has not only been can be relieved and tap water is relied on, but also can solve pollution of waterhead, be finally reached
Energy-saving and emission-reduction, low-carbon environment-friendly purpose.On the other hand, reuse rainwater can also accomplish urban area self-sufficiency certainly to a certain degree
Foot, for the city of rapid development, especially city is constantly expanded, and when subsequent matched pipe network can not be kept up with,
Using rainwater reuse, the expense of urban construction pipeline is reduced, so that urban pipe network reasonably optimizing, and rainwater is used, it can
Part substitutes tap water to reduce the usage amount of tap water, compares with other non-traditional water utilizations, rainwater catchment system has
Obvious economic advantages.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that water-permeable brick is mated formation typical structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that simple type biology is detained facility typical construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is infiltration pool typical construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is to adjust pool typical construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is vegetation buffer strip typical construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the overall schematic of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention provides a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization systems, set comprising several various forms of low influence exploitations
Apply, mainly have permeable pavement, Green Roof, sunk type greenery patches, biology be detained facility, infiltration the pool, seepage well, the wet pool, Rain-fed wetland,
Reservoir, adjusts the pool, conditioning tank, grass planting ditch, seepage pipe, vegetation buffer strip, early-stage rainwater stream abandoning facility, artificial soil at rainwater tank
Diafiltration.
Permeable pavement
Concept can be divided into according to surface material difference that water-permeable brick is mated formation, water-permeable cement concrete is mated formation with construction permeable pavement
Mat formation with pervious asphalt concrete, embedding grass brick, the cobblestone in garden paving, rubble, which are mated formation, etc. also belongs to infiltration and mat formation.
Permeable pavement structure should meet " water-permeable brick pavement technique regulation " (CJJ/T188), " asphalt paving technology rule
Journey " (CJJ/T190) and " water-permeable cement concrete pavement technique regulation " (CJJ/T135) regulation.Permeable pavement should also meet
It is claimed below:
(1) when permeable pavement is larger to the potential risk of road foundation strength and stability, half permeable pavement knot can be used
Structure.
(2) when soil water permeable ability is limited, drainpipe or drain bar should be set in the porous base course of permeable pavement.
(3) when permeable pavement is arranged on basement roof, top plate earth-covering thickness is no less than 600mm, and should be arranged
Drainage blanket.
Applicability: water-permeable brick mat formation mat formation with water-permeable cement concrete be primarily adapted for use in square, parking lot, pavement and
Vehicle flowrate and the lesser road of load, such as the non-motorized lane of building and cell road, town road, pervious asphalt concrete
Road surface can also be used in car lane.
When permeable pavement is applied to following region, necessary measure should also be taken to prevent secondary disaster or underground water pollution
Occur:
(1) it may cause the region of abrupt slope collapsing, landslide disaster, collapsible loess, swelled ground and high Saline Soils etc. are special
Soil-geological region.
(2) the higher Commerce Parking Lot of frequency of use, automobile recycle and the runoff pollutions such as maintenace point, gas station and harbour are tight
The region of weight.
Permeable pavement suitable application region is wide, easy for construction, recharge of groundwater and can cut down with certain peak flow and rain
Water warfare effect, but easily blocking, cold district have by the risk of freeze-thaw damage.
Biology is detained facility
Concept and construction biology are detained facility and refer in the lower region of topography, are stored by plant, soil and microflora
It seeps, the facility of purification runoff rainwater.Biology is detained facility and is divided into simple type biology delay facility and complexity biology delay facility,
Rain Garden, biological stranded belt, high-order flower bed, ecology tree pond etc. are also referred to as by application site difference.
Biology delay facility should meet claimed below:
(1) for seriously polluted water catchment area should select grass planting ditch, vegetation buffer strip or sedimentation basin etc. to runoff rainwater into
Row pretreatment, removes the pollutant of bulky grain and slows down flow velocity；The measures such as abandoned stream, salt discharge should be taken to prevent deicing salt or petroleum-type
Etc. high concentrations pollutant encroach on plant.
(2) Roof Runoff rainwater can be accessed biology delay facility by rainwater down pipe, and road runoff rainwater can be slitted by kerbstone
Mouth enters, and kerbstone gap size and number should be computed determination according to road longitudinal grade etc..
(3) when biology is detained facility applied to road green belt, if road longitudinal grade is greater than 1%, overfall/platform should be set
Bank, to slow down flow velocity and increase rain penetration amount；Facility should carry out Anti-seeping technology close to roadbed part, prevent steady to road foundation
It is qualitative to impact.
(4) biology, which is detained in facility, should be arranged overfall facility, and overflow vertical tube, lid comb overflow well or inlet for stom water etc. can be used,
Overfall facility top should generally be lower than gathering ground 100mm.
(5) biology is detained the suitable dispersed placement of facility and scale should not be too large, and biology is detained facility area and gathering ground area
The ratio between generally 5%-10%.
(6) complexity biology be detained facility structure layer on the outside of and bottom permeable geotextiles should be set, prevent around original soil invade
Enter.Think that lower infiltration can cause buildings or structures around to collapse risk Ru evaluated, or plans bottom water outlet and harvest back
Used time can be detained facility bottom and periphery in biology and antiseepage film is arranged.
(7) the water storage layer depth that biology is detained facility should be determined according to plant ability of inundation and soil moisture monitoring, one
As be 200-300mm, and the superelevation of 100mm should be set；Soil removal and replacement layer media type and depth should meet effluent quality requirement, should also accord with
Close planting and the requirement of afforestation management technique；To prevent soil removal and replacement layer medium to be lost, soil removal and replacement layer bottom is generally arranged
Permeable geotextiles separation layer can also be used layer of sand (fine sand and coarse sand) of the thickness not less than 100mm and replace；Gravel layer plays draining
Effect, thickness are generally 250-300mm, can should clean in the perforated drain pipe that the embedding caliber in its bottom is 100-150mm, gravel
And partial size is not less than the open pore size of perforated pipe；To improve the pondage capacity that biology is detained facility, can be added in perforation bottom of the tube
Certain thickness gravel is regulated and stored layer.
Applicability: biology is detained facility and is primarily adapted for use in building in building and cell, road and the periphery greenery patches in parking lot,
And in the urban green spaces such as pergola on the city road.
, facility bottom percolation identity distance serious for runoff pollution from seasonal highest level of ground water or lithosphere be less than 1m and
It is less than the region of 3m (horizontal distance) apart from building basis, the complexity biology that base impervious can be used is detained facility.
Biology is detained that facility is various informative, suitable application region is wide, easily in conjunction with landscape, and runoff control effect is good, construction cost
It is lower with maintenance cost；But level of ground water and the area that lithosphere is higher, soil moisture monitoring is poor, landform is steeper, should take must
The measures such as soil removal and replacement, antiseepage, the setting ladder wanted avoid the generation of secondary disaster, will increase construction cost.
Reservoir:
Concept and construction reservoir refer to the collection storage utilization facility with rainwater storage function, while also having and cutting down peak value stream
The effect of amount mainly includes reinforced concrete earth-dammed reservoir, and brick, barnacle build reservoir and plastics water storage module pin-connected panel reservoir,
The city of land used anxiety mostly uses greatly underground closed reservoir.Reservoir typical construction can refer to national building standard design drawing
Collect " rainwater comprehensive utilization " (10SS705).
Applicability: reservoir is suitable for building and cell, urban green space of rain reuse demand etc., according to rainwater reuse
Purposes (greening, road are sprayed and flushed the toilet) difference, which need to match, builds corresponding rainwater purification facility；Not being suitable for no rainwater reuse needs
The summation serious area of runoff pollution.
There is reservoir saving land occupation, Storm Sewer System easily to access, avoid direct sunlight, prevent the breeding of flies and mosquitoes, storage water
The advantages that big, rainwater can Reuse on Environment irrigate, rinse road surface and vehicle etc., but construction cost is high, and the later period need to pay attention to maintenance pipe
Reason.
Adjust the pool:
The also referred to as dry pool in concept and the structural accommodation pool, to cut down based on peak flow function, generally by water inlet, regulatory region,
Exit facility, slope protection and embankment are constituted, and can also be made it have infiltration function by rationally designing, be played certain recharge of groundwater
With the effect of purifying rainwater.
The adjusting pool should meet claimed below:
(1) energy-dissipating installations such as rubble, energy dissipating bank should be arranged in water inlet, prevent current scour and erosion.
(2) the preposition pool should be arranged to pre-process runoff rainwater.
(3) regulatory region depth is generally 0.6-3m, can be with planting aquatic plants to reduce flow velocity, enhancing rainwater purification in the pool
Effect.When pool bottom is designed to permeable, pool bottom percolation identity distance is no less than 1m from seasonal highest level of ground water or lithosphere,
3m (horizontal distance) is no less than apart from building basis.
(4) it adjusts the pool to go out drainage facility and be generally configured to multistage water outlet form, to control to adjust pool water level, increases rainwater water
The power residence time (generally no greater than for 24 hours) controls outlet flow.
(5) security protections such as guardrail, warning sign and cautionary measure should be arranged by adjusting the pool.
Applicability: it adjusts the pool and is suitable for building and the regions with certain space condition such as cell, urban green space.
Peak flow can effectively be cut down by adjusting the pool, and construction and maintenance cost are lower, but its function is more single, preferably utilizes down
Heavy formula park and the square pool Deng Yushi, Rain-fed wetland are built jointly, and multi-functional water body of regulating and storing is constructed.
Conditioning tank:
Conditioning tank is the one kind for adjusting facility, is mainly used for cutting down Storm Sewer System peak flow,
Conditioning tank cuts down pipe duct peak flow suitable for urban rainwater canal system system.
Conditioning tank can effectively cut down peak flow, but it has a single function, and construction and maintenance cost are higher, preferably utilize sunk type
Park and the square pool Deng Yushi, Rain-fed wetland are built jointly, and multi-functional water body of regulating and storing is constructed.
Grass planting ditch:
Concept and construction grass planting ditch refer to kind of the earth's surface irrigation canals and ditches for having vegetation, collectable, conveying and discharge runoff rainwater, and have
Certain rainwater purification effect can be used for being connected other each individual event facilities, urban rainwater canal system system and exceeded rainfall runoff row
Place system.In addition to transferring type grass planting ditch, further includes the dry type grass planting ditch of osmosis type and the wet type grass planting ditch of Chang Youshui, can mention respectively
High runoff volume and runoff pollution control effect.
Grass planting ditch should meet claimed below:
(1) shallow ridges form of fracture preferably uses parabola shaped, triangle or trapezoidal.
(2) grade of side slope (vertical: horizontal) of grass planting ditch is not preferably greater than 1:3, and longitudinal slope should not exceed 4%.When longitudinal slope is larger
It is preferably set as stepped grass planting ditch or energy dissipating banquette is set in midway.
(3) grass planting ditch maximum flow rate should be less than 0.8m/s, and Manning coefficient is preferably 0.2-0.3.
(4) vegetation height in type grass planting ditch is transferred preferably to control in 100-200mm.
Applicability grass planting ditch is suitable for building and small internal road, the periphery of the impervious surfaces such as square, parking lot, city road
The regions such as road and urban green space also can be used as biology and be detained the low pretreatment facility for influencing development facility such as facility, wet pool.Grass planting
Ditch can also vertically allow with Storm Sewer System use in conjunction, place and not influence that Storm Sewer System can also be replaced in the case where safety.
Grass planting ditch has construction and maintenance cost low, easily in conjunction with landscape the advantages of, but built city and mining inetesity compared with
The regions such as big newly built city district are restricted vulnerable to site condition.
Seepage pipe/canal:
Concept and construction seepage pipe/canal refer to rain pipe/canal with infiltration function, perforated plastic pipe can be used, without sand coagulation
The combinations of materials such as native pipe/canal and gravel (broken) stone form.
Seepage pipe/canal should meet claimed below:
(1) the pretreatment facilities such as grass planting ditch, precipitating (sand) pond should be arranged in seepage pipe/canal.
(2) seepage pipe/canal percent opening should control between 1%-3%, and the porosity of sand-free concrete tube should be greater than 20%.
(3) seepage pipe/canal laying gradient should meet the requirement of draining.
(4) seepage pipe/canal surrounding should fill gravel or other porous materials, the permeable geotextiles of gravel layer outsourcing, and geotextiles are taken
200mm should not be less than by connecing width.
(5) thickness of earth-fill cover is no less than 700mm when seepage pipe/canal is located under driving road surface.
Applicability: seepage pipe/canal is suitable for transferring the lesser region of flow in building and cell and public lawn, is not suitable for
Level of ground water is higher, runoff pollution is serious and easily region (such as Storm Sewer System of rain penetration should not be carried out by structural collapse etc. occur
It is inferior positioned at car lane).
Seepage pipe/canal is small to place space requirement, but construction cost is higher, easily blocks, and safeguards more difficult.
Vegetation buffer strip:
Concept and construction vegetation buffer strip are the more slow vegetation region of the gradient, intercept through vegetation and soil bacterial diversity effect slows down ground
Table runoff velocity, and some of the contaminants in runoff are removed, the vegetation buffer strip gradient is generally 2%-6%, and width is not preferably less than
2m。
Applicability: vegetation buffer strip is suitable for the impervious surfaces peripheries such as road, can be used as biology and is detained the low influences such as facility
The pretreatment facility of development facility also can be used as the waterfront greenbelt of urban water system, but its rainwater when the gradient larger (being greater than 6%)
Clean-up effect is poor.
The construction of vegetation buffer strip is low with maintenance cost but more demanding to conditions such as place space size, the gradients, and runoff
Control effect is limited.
The optimization of combined system should follow following principle: the applicability of each facility should meet place soil infiltration in combined system
The features such as permeability, level of ground water, landform.The area that performance is poor, level of ground water is high, landform is steeper is seeped in soil, infiltration is selected to set
Shi Shiying carries out necessary technical treatment, prevents from collapsing, the generation of the secondary disasters such as underground water pollution.
The major function of each facility should be corresponding with planning control target in combined system.Water-deficient area is with Rainwater Resources
When being utilized as main target, the rainwater storage facility with rainwater harvesting major function can be preferentially selected；Waterlogging risk is serious
Area with runoff peak value control be main target when, can preferentially select peak value cut down effect preferably rainwater storage and adjust etc.
Technology；When the more rich area of water resource is controlled with runoff pollution and the control of runoff peak value is main target, rain can be preferentially selected
Water warfare and peak value cut down the technologies such as function preferably intercepting pollution for rainwater purification, infiltration and adjusting.In the premise for meeting control target
Under, the overall cost of ownership of each facility is preferably minimum in combined system, and comprehensively considers the environmental benefit and social benefit of facility, e.g.,
When place conditions permit, cost is relatively low and landscape effect preferably facility for preferential selection.
With the continuous popularization of Technology of Urban Rainwater Utilization, more and more people start attention urban rainwater collection and utilize skill
Art.In process of construction of the urban rainwater collection using system, in face of being controlled with different structure, miscellaneous Rainwater Quality
Measure, designer should be according to engineering project environment, and the site condition according to region and the abatement flow to runoff are wanted
The processing requirement summed to Non-point Source Pollutants, the practical runoff for assessing different measure are cut down ability, are removed to non-point pollution
After ability, space requirement, comprehensively consider, selects the suitable measure of with meeting regional field feature.It is special in the place of assessment area
When sign, need to comprehensively consider position characteristics, soil condition, underground water feature, landform, topography, the water catchment area property in region etc. pair
Measure is assessed, and suitable control measure are selected, and guarantees effective performance of system function.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, however, it is not to limit the invention, any this field skill
Art personnel, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, when can make a little modification and perfect therefore of the invention protection model
It encloses to work as and subject to the definition of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system, it is characterised in that:
Including
Permeable pavement
Permeable pavement can be divided into that water-permeable brick is mated formation, water-permeable cement concrete is mated formation and pervious asphalt coagulation according to surface material difference
Soil is mated formation, and embedding grass brick, the cobblestone in garden paving, rubble are mated formation；
The next system of permeable pavement is that biology is detained facility；
Biology is detained facility and refers in the lower region of topography, is stored by plant, soil and microflora and seeps, purifies runoff rainwater
Facility, biology, which is detained facility and is divided into simple type biology and is detained facility and complexity biology, is detained facility, different by application site
Also referred to as Rain Garden, biological stranded belt, high-order flower bed, ecology tree pond；
Biology delay facility should meet claimed below:
(1) grass planting ditch, vegetation buffer strip or sedimentation basin etc. should be selected to carry out in advance runoff rainwater seriously polluted water catchment area
Processing, removes the pollutant of bulky grain and slows down flow velocity；The measures such as abandoned stream, salt discharge should be taken to prevent deicing salt or petroleum-type contour
Concentration pollutant encroaches on plant；
(2) Roof Runoff rainwater can by rainwater down pipe access biology be detained facility, road runoff rainwater can by kerbstone gap into
Enter, kerbstone gap size and number should be computed determination according to road longitudinal grade etc.；
(3) when biology is detained facility applied to road green belt, if road longitudinal grade is greater than 1%, overfall/banquette should be set, with
Slow down flow velocity and increases rain penetration amount；Facility should carry out Anti-seeping technology close to roadbed part, prevent to road foundation stability
It impacts；
(4) biology, which is detained in facility, should be arranged overfall facility, and overflow vertical tube, lid comb overflow well or inlet for stom water etc., overflow can be used
Facility top should generally be lower than gathering ground 100mm；
(5) biology is detained the suitable dispersed placement of facility and scale should not be too large, and biology is detained facility area and gathering ground area ratio
Generally 5%-10%；
(6) complexity biology is detained on the outside of facility structure layer and permeable geotextiles should be arranged in bottom, prevents original soil intrusion around, such as
It is evaluated to think that lower infiltration cause Adjacent Buildings to collapse risk, or plan bottom water outlet when carrying out harvesting reuse, it can be
Biology is detained facility bottom and periphery and antiseepage film is arranged；
(7) the water storage layer depth that biology is detained facility should be determined according to plant ability of inundation and soil moisture monitoring, generally
200-300mm, and the superelevation of 100mm should be set；Soil removal and replacement layer media type and depth should meet effluent quality requirement, should also conform to plant
Species are planted and the requirement of afforestation management technique；To prevent soil removal and replacement layer medium to be lost, soil removal and replacement layer bottom is generally arranged permeable
Geotextiles separation layer can also be used layer of sand of the thickness not less than 100mm and replace；Gravel layer plays a role in the drainage, and thickness is generally
250-300mm, can be in the perforated drain pipe that the embedding caliber in its bottom is 100-150mm, and gravel should be cleaned and partial size is not less than wearing
The open pore size of hole pipe；To improve the pondage capacity that biology is detained facility, certain thickness gravel can be added in perforation bottom of the tube
It regulates and stores layer.
2. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It is the infiltration pool that biology, which is detained the next system of facility:
Permeating the pool is a kind of depression for rainwater infiltration recharge of groundwater, with certain purifying rainwater and cuts down peak flow
Effect；
The infiltration pool should meet claimed below:
(1) pretreatment such as setting pot, preposition pool facility should be set before permeating the pool, remove the pollutant of bulky grain and slow down flow velocity；
There is the city of snowfall, the measures such as abandoned stream, salt discharge should be taken to prevent deicing salt from encroaching on plant；
(2) pool grade of side slope is permeated, is not more than 1:3, pool bottom to flood level is typically no less than 0.6m；
(3) filter medium of infiltration pool bottom construction generally planting soil of 200-300mm, permeable geotextiles and 300-500mm
Layer；
(4) infiltration pool emptying time should not exceed for 24 hours；
(5) the infiltration pool should set overfall facility, and be connected with urban rainwater canal system system and exceeded rainfall runoff exhaust system, permeate
Pool periphery should set safety prevention measure and warning sign.
3. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Permeating the next system in the pool is vegetation buffer strip:
Constructing vegetation buffer strip is the more slow vegetation region of the gradient, intercepts through vegetation and soil bacterial diversity effect slows down rainwash stream
Speed, and some of the contaminants in runoff are removed, the vegetation buffer strip gradient is generally 2%-6%, and width is not preferably less than 2m.
4. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
The next system of vegetation buffer strip is grass planting ditch:
Grass planting ditch refers to kind of the earth's surface irrigation canals and ditches for having vegetation, collects, conveys and discharge runoff rainwater, and have certain rainwater purification
Effect can be used for being connected other each individual event facilities, urban rainwater canal system system and exceeded rainfall runoff exhaust system.Except transferring type
Outside grass planting ditch, further includes the dry type grass planting ditch of osmosis type and the wet type grass planting ditch of Chang Youshui, runoff volume and diameter can be respectively increased
Flow contamination control effect.
5. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The next system of grass planting ditch is to adjust the pool:
To cut down based on peak flow function, generally it is made of, can also leads to water inlet, regulatory region, exit facility, slope protection and embankment
It crosses rational design and makes it have infiltration function, play the role of certain recharge of groundwater and purifying rainwater；
The adjusting pool should meet claimed below:
(1) energy-dissipating installations such as rubble, energy dissipating bank should be arranged in water inlet, prevent current scour and erosion；
(2) the preposition pool should be arranged to pre-process runoff rainwater；
(3) regulatory region depth is generally 0.6-3m, can be with planting aquatic plants to reduce flow velocity, enhancing rainwater purification effect in the pool
Fruit.When pool bottom is designed to permeable, pool bottom percolation identity distance is no less than 1m from seasonal highest level of ground water or lithosphere, away from
3m is no less than from building basis；
(4) it adjusts the pool to go out drainage facility and be generally configured to multistage water outlet form, to control to adjust pool water level, increases rainwater waterpower and stop
It stays time (generally no greater than for 24 hours), controls outlet flow；
(5) security protections such as guardrail, warning sign and cautionary measure should be arranged by adjusting the pool.
6. a kind of Multifunctional rain ecological utilization system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Adjusting the next system in the pool is reservoir:
Reservoir refers to the collection storage utilization facility with rainwater storage function, while also having the function of cutting down peak flow, mainly
Including reinforced concrete earth-dammed reservoir, brick, barnacle build reservoir and plastics water storage module pin-connected panel reservoir, the city of land used anxiety
Underground closed reservoir is mostly used greatly, reservoir is suitable for the building and cell, urban green space of rain reuse demand, according to
Rainwater reuse purposes difference, which need to match, builds corresponding rainwater purification facility.
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| CN109763559A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-17 | 悉地（苏州）勘察设计顾问有限公司 | A kind of design method of biology delaying basin |
| CN109997560A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 徐州工程学院 | Grass planting ditch at road corner based on sponge the idea of the city |
| CN110012770A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of efficient Rain Garden for cutting down runoff velocity and pollutant |
| CN110140469A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 东盛生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of construction method in varieties in saline-alkali areas plant health gardens |
| CN111139786A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽海螺建材设计研究院有限责任公司 | Overflow structure combining water retaining wall and drainage ditch and construction method |
| CN111869360A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | Terrace type garden terrain for rainwater utilization and building method thereof |
| CN112049185A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 南昌工程学院 | Multistage distributed urban rainwater comprehensive utilization system and construction method thereof |
| CN112538936A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-23 | 许文斌 | Runoff control device |
| CN112627304A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-09 | 南京大学 | System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures |
| CN112681054A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Sponge urban road ecological detention ditch system in rainy area |
| CN112726737A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-04-30 | 深圳市博唯环境艺术设计有限公司 | Sponge city construction drainage device |
| CN113149355A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Water environment treatment method based on sponge city concept |
| CN113325489A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-31 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | Sponge city rainwater wet pond performance monitoring system |
| CN113445382A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-09-28 | 广州园林建筑规划设计研究总院有限公司 | High ground water level area early sponge type road auxiliary system and road |
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| CN109763559A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-17 | 悉地（苏州）勘察设计顾问有限公司 | A kind of design method of biology delaying basin |
| CN110012770B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-04-30 | 徐州工程学院 | Rainwater garden capable of efficiently reducing runoff flow velocity and pollutants |
| CN110012770A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-16 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of efficient Rain Garden for cutting down runoff velocity and pollutant |
| CN109997560A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-12 | 徐州工程学院 | Grass planting ditch at road corner based on sponge the idea of the city |
| CN110140469A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-20 | 东盛生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of construction method in varieties in saline-alkali areas plant health gardens |
| CN111139786A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-12 | 安徽海螺建材设计研究院有限责任公司 | Overflow structure combining water retaining wall and drainage ditch and construction method |
| CN112049185A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-08 | 南昌工程学院 | Multistage distributed urban rainwater comprehensive utilization system and construction method thereof |
| CN111869360A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-03 | 上海应用技术大学 | Terrace type garden terrain for rainwater utilization and building method thereof |
| CN112538936A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-03-23 | 许文斌 | Runoff control device |
| CN112627304A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-09 | 南京大学 | System and method for controlling rainfall runoff water quality in urban industry concentration area by integrating source-transmission-tail end measures |
| CN112681054A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-20 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | Sponge urban road ecological detention ditch system in rainy area |
| CN112726737A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-04-30 | 深圳市博唯环境艺术设计有限公司 | Sponge city construction drainage device |
| CN113149355A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Water environment treatment method based on sponge city concept |
| CN113325489A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-31 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | Sponge city rainwater wet pond performance monitoring system |
| CN113529895A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-22 | 长沙理工大学 | Wharf rainwater collecting, storing, purifying and recycling system |
| CN113445382A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-09-28 | 广州园林建筑规划设计研究总院有限公司 | High ground water level area early sponge type road auxiliary system and road |
| CN115374655A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-11-22 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Urban rainwater utilization space-time dynamic allocation simulation method and system |
| CN115374655B (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-12-27 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Urban rainwater utilization space-time dynamic allocation simulation method and system |
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