CN107143021B - A kind of biology delaying basin - Google Patents
A kind of biology delaying basin Download PDFInfo
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- CN107143021B CN107143021B CN201710418936.XA CN201710418936A CN107143021B CN 107143021 B CN107143021 B CN 107143021B CN 201710418936 A CN201710418936 A CN 201710418936A CN 107143021 B CN107143021 B CN 107143021B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 72
- 238000009301 bioretention Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 22
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009430 construction management Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000024346 drought recovery Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of biological delaying basins, comprising: crushed rock base course is located at the bottom of the delaying basin；Separate layer is located at the top of the crushed rock base course；Isolated part is located at the top of the separate layer, and there are an angles between the isolated part and the separate layer；The side that soil layer is located at the isolated part is planted, the plant soil layer is filled with normal soil；Filter material layer is located at the other side of the partition, and the filter material layer is used for seepage flow；Wherein, the soil layer of planting is intermediate convex configuration high, surrounding is low；In this way, biological delaying basin is divided into drainage area and growing area by the isolated part；It is intermediate convex configuration high, surrounding is low due to planting soil layer, rainwater will flow to the filter material layer in outside, is filtered, permeated to rainwater by filter material layer, meet dewatering needs when rainfall is larger；Too many rainwater would not be detained by planting soil layer in this way, and normal soil penetration is little, therefore plant soil layer can plant common evergreen all the year round plant, meet landscape need.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface runoff treatment, and particularly relates to a bioretention pond.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy, the problems of urban water safety and water environment are increasingly severe, and more cities frequently have environmental problems such as heavy rain, waterlogging, black and odorous water body and the like. For this reason, the nation proposes a strategy for constructing sponge cities. The sponge city is an urban development mode which fully exerts the functions of absorption, storage and seepage and slow release of rainwater by building, road, greenbelt, water system and other ecological systems by strengthening urban planning construction management, effectively controls rainwater runoff, and realizes natural accumulation, natural seepage and natural purification.
The bioretention pond is the main constitutional unit of sponge city green space system of construction, bears the important function of rainwater regulation and storage and quality of water purification. When rainstorm occurs, the rainwater emptying time of the regulation and storage space on the surface of the bioretention pond is 12-24 hours, so that the high permeability of a planting soil layer is required, normal drainage is guaranteed, and plants are prevented from being flooded for a long time. On the other hand, the plant growth is closely related to the planting layer, the higher permeability of the planting layer can reduce the water retention of the soil, aggravate the phenomenon of water and fertilizer loss and cause poor plant growth. Thus, in existing bioretention systems, plant selection is often required to have good flooding and drought tolerance. However, such plants have a good landscape effect during their growth period, such as spring and summer, and wither and lose the landscape effect during their resting period, such as winter. On the other hand, although general evergreen plants have good landscape effects, the plants have low flooding resistance and drought resistance, also grow poorly in high-permeability soil, have low survival rate and are difficult to apply in bioretention ponds.
Based on this, the present invention provides a bioretention pond to solve the above problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a bioretention pond, which is used for solving the technical problem that in the prior art, in the construction process of a sponge city, the plant in the bioretention pond is easy to have a dead seedling phenomenon when growing in high-permeability soil, so that the drainage requirement and the landscape requirement cannot coexist.
The present invention provides a bioretention tank comprising:
the gravel base layer is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool;
a spacer layer located above the crushed stone base layer;
the isolation component is positioned above the separation layer, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component and the separation layer;
the planting soil layer is positioned on one side of the isolation component and is filled with common soil;
the filter material layer is positioned on the other side of the isolation component and is used for seepage; wherein, the planting soil layer is a convex structure with high middle and low periphery.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: the infiltration pipe is installed the bottom of detention pond, the infiltration pipe with the distance of detention pond bottom is 3 ~ 5 cm.
In the scheme, the filter material layer is filled with a metallurgical slag filter material with the thickness of 30-50 cm.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: a cover layer located over the frit layer.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: the detention layer is the space above the planting soil layer.
In the above aspect, the isolation member includes: a baffle or a dividing fence.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: and one end of the overflow well is positioned at the bottom of the retention tank, and the other end of the overflow well is positioned at the top of the retention tank.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: and the filter cover is arranged at the other end of the overflow well.
In the above aspect, the separation layer includes: permeable geotextile or coarse sand.
In the above scheme, the retention tank further comprises: and the rainwater pipe is arranged at the position of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the overflow well.
The invention provides a bioretention pond comprising: the gravel base layer is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool; a spacer layer located above the crushed stone base layer; the isolation component is positioned above the separation layer, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component and the separation layer; the planting soil layer is positioned on one side of the isolation component and is filled with common soil; the filter material layer is positioned on the other side of the partition plate and is used for seepage; wherein the planting soil layer is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery; thus, the biological retention pond is divided into a drainage area and a planting area by the isolation component; when the rainfall is large, the planting soil layer is of a convex structure with a high middle part and low periphery, so that rainwater can flow to the filter material layer on the outer side, and the filter material layer filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; therefore, the planting soil layer can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of the common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer can plant common evergreen plants in four seasons, and the landscape requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a bioretention pond according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a bioretention pond according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, in the construction process of a sponge city, the plants in a bioretention pond are easy to have a dead seedling phenomenon when growing in high-permeability soil, so that the drainage requirement and the landscape requirement cannot coexist, the invention provides a bioretention pond, which comprises: the gravel base layer is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool; a spacer layer located above the crushed stone base layer; the isolation component is positioned above the separation layer, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component and the separation layer; the planting soil layer is positioned on one side of the isolation component and is filled with common soil; the filter material layer is positioned on the other side of the partition plate and is used for seepage; wherein, the planting soil layer is a convex structure with high middle and low periphery.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The embodiment provides a biological retention tank, the shape of the biological retention tank can be square, round or other irregular shapes; the bioretention tank is shown in figure 1 and comprises: the soil-shifting and soil-shifting device comprises a macadam base layer 1, a separation layer 2, an isolation component 3, a planting soil layer 4 and a filter material layer 5; wherein,
the gravel base layer 1 is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool and is used for bearing and permeating water flow; the thickness of the gravel base layer is 20-30 cm, the gravel can be open-graded gravel, and the crushing value is less than or equal to 25%; the particle size of the broken stone is 5-25 mm.
The separation layer 2 is positioned above the gravel base layer 1; the separate layer 2 can be a permeable geotextile or a coarse sand layer, and the thickness of the coarse sand layer can be 3-5 cm.
The isolation component 3 is positioned above the separation layer 2, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component 3 and the separation layer 2; the included angle may be 45-90 degrees, and preferably 90 degrees. So as to separate the planting soil layer 4 from the filter material layer 5.
Here, the isolation member 2 may be a plurality of wooden partition boards or wooden fences, and the isolation member 3 is disposed along the retention tank for one round; wherein, wooden baffle thickness is 2 ~ 3cm, wooden fence can be the fence that cylindrical wood constitutes. In order to improve the appearance, the height of the isolation component 2 is 1-2 cm higher than the edge of the planting soil layer 4.
The planting soil layer 4 is positioned on one side of the isolation component 3, and is filled with common soil for planting landscape plants; the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, and the height difference between the highest part of the top of the planting soil layer 4 and the lowest part of the edge part is 3-5 cm.
The filter material layer 5 is positioned on the other side of the isolation component 2 and is used for seepage; the filter material layer 5 is filled with metallurgical slag filter materials with the thickness of 30-50 cm, and the width of the side belt of the filter material layer 5 is 5-15 cm. The metallurgical slag filter material is processed by solid waste discharged by iron and steel metallurgical enterprises, has a porous particle structure and has a permeability coefficient of 1.16 multiplied by 10-5～5.79×10-5m/s; the metallurgical slag filter material has certain alkalinity, and can well remove pollutants such as suspended matters, heavy metals and the like in rainwater.
When determining the permeability v of the precoat 5, it can be determined by equation (1):
in the formula (1), P is the catchment subarea area served by the bioretention pool, h is the rainfall of the runoff total control rate conversion, and t is the emptying time of the bioretention pool; the a is the perimeter of the bioretention pond and the b is the width of the filter material layer 5.
Thus, the separation component 2 divides the biological retention pool into a drainage area and a planting area; when the rainfall is large, the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex surface structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, so that the rainwater can flow to the filter material layer 5 on the outer side, and the filter material layer 5 filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; therefore, the planting soil layer 4 can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of the common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer 4 can plant common evergreen plants in four seasons, and the landscape requirement is met.
Here, in order to protect the filter material layer, the retention tank further includes: a cover layer 6, the cover layer 6 being located above the filter layer 5. The cover layer 6 may include: pebbles or ceramsite, wherein the thickness of the covering layer 6 is 5-10 cm; the particle size of the pebbles is 10-25 mm.
In order to make it possible to retain rainwater, the retention pond further includes: the detention layer 7, the detention layer 7 be plant the space above the soil layer 4, this space specifically is the recessed retaining area in relative peripheral ground, and the degree of depth in this retaining area is 10 ~ 30 cm.
Referring to fig. 2, the height of the retention layer 7 can be determined by equation (2):
in formula (2), the p1Is the area of the bioretention tank.
And then determining the height difference d between the top of the edge covering layer of the bioretention pond and the peripheral road through a formula (3):
d＝d1+D+d2 (3)
in the formula (3), d1The height difference between the top of the planting soil layer and the lowest point around the planting soil layer is d2Is the height difference between the top of the overflow well 9 and the surrounding road.
Further, in order to discharge the treated rainwater out of the detention pond, referring to fig. 1, the detention pond further comprises: ooze the pipe 8, ooze the pipe 8 and install the bottom of detention pond, ooze the pipe 8 with the distance of detention pond bottom is 3 ~ 5 cm. The infiltration pipe 8 can be a plastic infiltration pipe, a cement infiltration pipe or a stainless steel infiltration pipe; a plurality of through holes are formed in the seepage pipe 8, the opening positions of the through holes are 45 degrees obliquely downwards, and the distance between every two through holes is 8-15 cm.
In order to be able to handle heavy rain conditions, the retention basin further comprises: the overflow well 9 and the rainwater pipe 10, the overflow well 9 is made of concrete, one end of the overflow well 9 is positioned at the bottom of the detention pond and is flush with the bottom; the other end of the overflow well 9 is located at the top of the retention tank. Specifically, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 is determined according to the area of the catchment subarea served by the biological retention pond and the volume of the retention layer 7, and generally, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 needs to be 5-10 cm lower than the surrounding pavement.
The rainwater pipe 10 is installed at the position of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the overflow well, and the rainwater pipe 10 is further connected with the seepage pipe 8 and used for discharging seepage into a municipal pipe network.
Here, the retention tank further includes a filter cover installed at the other end of the overflow well 9. The filtering cover can be a rainwater grate.
Example one
In practical application, the embodiment establishes a bioretention pond in the reconstruction area, and the water storage capacity of the bioretention pond is 0.75m3(ii) a The concrete implementation is as follows:
excavating a square foundation pit with the length of 3m, the width of 2m and the depth of about 97.5cm in the reconstruction area, and paving waterproof geotextile around and at the bottom of the foundation pit; the bioretention tank includes: the soil-shifting and soil-shifting device comprises a macadam base layer 1, a separation layer 2, an isolation component 3, a planting soil layer 4 and a filter material layer 5; wherein,
the gravel base layer 1 is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool and is used for bearing and permeating water flow; the thickness of the gravel base layer is 30cm, the gravel can be open-graded gravel, and the crushing value is less than or equal to 25%; the particle size of the broken stone is 5-25 mm.
The separation layer 2 is positioned above the gravel base layer 1; the separation layer 2 may be a permeable geotextile or a coarse sand layer, and the thickness of the coarse sand layer may be 4 cm.
The isolation component 3 is positioned above the separation layer 2, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component 3 and the separation layer 2; the included angle is 90o. So as to be able to separate the vegetation layer 4 from the filter layer 5.
In this embodiment, the isolation members 2 are a plurality of wooden partition plates, and the isolation members 3 are arranged along the retention tank for a circle; wherein the thickness of the wood partition is 2cm, the length is 46cm, and the width is 20 cm; and the distance between the partition plate and the periphery of the bioretention pond is about 10 cm; in order to improve the appearance, the height of the isolation component 2 is 1-2 cm higher than the edge of the planting soil layer 4.
The planting soil layer 4 is positioned on one side of the isolation component 3, and is filled with common soil for planting landscape plants; the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, and the height of the planting soil layer 4 is 50 cm.
The filter material layer 5 is positioned on the other side of the isolation component 2 and is used for seepage; the filter material layer 5 is filled with a metallurgical slag filter material with the thickness of 40cm, and the width of the side belt of the filter material layer 5 is 10 cm. The metallurgical slag filter material is processed by solid waste discharged by iron and steel metallurgy enterprises, has a porous particle structure and has a permeability coefficient of 1.89 multiplied by 10-5m/s; the metallurgical slag filter material has certain alkalinity, and can beHas good removing effect on pollutants such as suspended matters, heavy metals and the like in rainwater.
When determining the permeability v of the precoat 5, it can be determined by equation (1):
in formula (1), P is the catchment partition area served by the bioretention pond, and P is 30m in the embodiment2(ii) a The h is the rainfall of the runoff total amount control rate conversion, and the h is 25 mm; t is the emptying time of the bioretention pond; t is 12-24 h; the a is the perimeter of the bioretention pond, the length of the bioretention pond is 3m, and the width of the bioretention pond is 2 m; and b is the width of the filter material layer 5 and is 10 cm. The final calculated permeability coefficient was 1.45X 10-5～2.89×10-5m/s, so the permeability coefficient of the selected metallurgical slag filter material meets the drainage requirement.
Thus, the separation component 2 divides the biological retention pool into a drainage area and a planting area; when the rainfall is large, the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex surface structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, so that the rainwater can flow to the filter material layer 5 on the outer side, and the filter material layer 5 filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; therefore, the planting soil layer 4 can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of the common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer 4 can plant common evergreen plants in four seasons, and the landscape requirement is met.
Here, in order to protect the filter material layer, the retention tank further includes: a cover layer 6, the cover layer 6 being located above the filter layer 5. The cover layer 6 includes: a pebble layer, wherein the thickness of the covering layer 6 is 5 cm; the particle size of the pebbles is 10-25 mm.
In order to make it possible to retain rainwater, the retention pond further includes: and the retention layer 7 is a space above the planting soil layer 4, the space is a water storage area which is concave relative to the peripheral ground, and the depth of the water storage area is 12.5 cm.
Referring to fig. 2, the height of the retention layer 7 can be determined by equation (2):
in formula (2), the p1Is the area of the bioretention tank.
And then determining the height difference d between the top of the edge covering layer of the bioretention pond and the peripheral road through a formula (3):
d＝d1+D+d2 (3)
in the formula (3), d1The height difference between the top of the planting soil layer and the lowest point around the planting soil layer is d1Is 5cm, said d2The height difference between the top of the overflow well 9 and the surrounding road is shown as d1Is 5 cm.
Further, in order to discharge the treated rainwater out of the detention pond, referring to fig. 1, the detention pond further comprises: oozing pipe 8, ooze pipe 8 install the bottom of detention pond, ooze pipe 8 with the distance of detention pond bottom is 4 cm. The infiltration pipe 8 is a plastic infiltration pipe; the infiltration pipe 8 is provided with a plurality of through holes, the opening positions of the through holes are 45 degrees obliquely downwards, and the distance between the through holes is 10 cm.
In order to be able to handle heavy rain conditions, the retention basin further comprises: the overflow well 9 and the rainwater pipe 10, the overflow well 9 is made of concrete, one end of the overflow well 9 is positioned at the bottom of the detention pond and is flush with the bottom; the other end of the overflow well 9 is located at the top of the retention tank. Specifically, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 is determined according to the area of the catchment subarea served by the bioretention pond and the volume of the detention layer 7, and generally, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 needs to be 5cm lower than the surrounding pavement.
The rainwater pipe 10 is arranged at the position 4cm away from the bottom of the overflow well, and the rainwater pipe 10 is also connected with the seepage pipe 8 and used for discharging seepage into a municipal pipe network.
Here, the retention tank further includes a filter cover installed at the other end of the overflow well 9. The filtering cover can be a rainwater grate.
Example two
In practical application, the embodiment establishes a bioretention pond in the reconstruction area, and the water storage capacity of the bioretention pond is 0.9m3(ii) a The concrete implementation is as follows:
excavating a circular foundation pit with the radius of 1m and the depth of about 102cm in the reconstruction area, and paving waterproof geotextile around and at the bottom of the foundation pit; the bioretention tank includes: the soil-shifting and soil-shifting device comprises a macadam base layer 1, a separation layer 2, an isolation component 3, a planting soil layer 4 and a filter material layer 5; wherein,
the gravel base layer 1 is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool and is used for bearing and permeating water flow; the thickness of the gravel base layer is 25cm, the gravel can be open-graded gravel, and the crushing value is less than or equal to 25%; the particle size of the broken stone is 5-25 mm.
The separation layer 2 is positioned above the gravel base layer 1; the separation layer 2 is a permeable geotextile.
The isolation component 3 is positioned above the separation layer 2, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component 3 and the separation layer 2; the included angle is 90 degrees. So as to be able to separate the vegetation layer 4 from the filter layer 5.
In this embodiment, the isolation members 2 are a plurality of wooden partition plates, and the isolation members 3 are arranged along the retention tank for a circle; wherein the thickness of the wooden partition is 2cm, the length is 41cm, and the width is 20 cm; and the distance between the partition plate and the periphery of the bioretention pond is about 15 cm; in order to improve the appearance, the height of the isolation component 2 is 1-2 cm higher than the edge of the planting soil layer 4.
The planting soil layer 4 is positioned on one side of the isolation component 3, and is filled with common soil for planting landscape plants; the soil planting layer 4 is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, and the height of the soil planting layer 4 is 43 cm.
The filter material layer 5 is positioned on the other side of the isolation component 2 and is used for seepage; the filter material layer 5 is filled with a metallurgical slag filter material with the thickness of 35cm, and the width of the side belt of the filter material layer 5 is 15 cm. The metallurgical slag filter material is processed by solid waste discharged by iron and steel metallurgical enterprises, has a porous particle structure and has the permeability coefficient of 2.48 multiplied by 10-5m/s; the metallurgical slag filter material has certain alkalinity, and can well remove pollutants such as suspended matters, heavy metals and the like in rainwater.
When determining the permeability v of the precoat 5, it can be determined by equation (1):
in formula (1), P is the catchment partition area served by the bioretention pond, and P is 30m in the embodiment2(ii) a The h is the rainfall of the runoff total amount control rate conversion, and the h is 30 mm; t is the emptying time of the bioretention pond; t is 12-24 h; the a is the perimeter of the bioretention pond, and the radius of the bioretention pond is 1 m; the b is the width of the filter material layer 5, and the b is 15 cm. The permeability coefficient obtained by final calculation is 1.38 multiplied by 10-5～2.76×10-5m/s, so the permeability coefficient of the selected metallurgical slag filter material meets the drainage requirement.
Thus, the separation component 2 divides the biological retention pool into a drainage area and a planting area; when the rainfall is large, the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex surface structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, so that the rainwater can flow to the filter material layer 5 on the outer side, and the filter material layer 5 filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; therefore, the planting soil layer 4 can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of the common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer 4 can plant common evergreen plants in four seasons, and the landscape requirement is met.
Here, in order to protect the filter material layer, the retention tank further includes: a cover layer 6, the cover layer 6 being located above the filter layer 5. The cover layer 6 includes: a pebble layer, wherein the thickness of the covering layer 6 is 5 cm; the particle size of the pebbles is 10-25 mm.
In order to make it possible to retain rainwater, the retention pond further includes: and the retention layer 7 is a space above the planting soil layer 4, and the space is a water storage area which is concave downwards relative to the peripheral ground.
Referring to fig. 2, the height of the retention layer 7 can be determined by equation (2):
in formula (2), the p1Is the area of the bioretention tank.
And then determining the height difference d between the top of the edge covering layer of the bioretention pond and the peripheral road through a formula (3):
d＝d1+D+d2 (3)
in the formula (3), d1The height difference between the top of the planting soil layer and the lowest point around the planting soil layer is d1Is 3cm, said d2The height difference between the top of the overflow well 9 and the surrounding road is shown as d1Is 5 cm.
Further, in order to discharge the treated rainwater out of the detention pond, referring to fig. 1, the detention pond further comprises: oozing pipe 8, ooze pipe 8 install the bottom of detention pond, ooze pipe 8 with the distance of detention pond bottom is 5 cm. The infiltration pipe 8 is a plastic infiltration pipe; the infiltration pipe 8 is provided with a plurality of through holes, the opening positions of the through holes are 45 degrees obliquely downwards, and the distance between the through holes is 10 cm.
In order to be able to handle heavy rain conditions, the retention basin further comprises: the overflow well 9 and the rainwater pipe 10, the overflow well 9 is made of concrete, one end of the overflow well 9 is positioned at the bottom of the detention pond and is flush with the bottom; the other end of the overflow well 9 is located at the top of the retention tank. Specifically, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 is determined according to the area of the catchment subarea served by the bioretention pond and the volume of the detention layer 7, and generally, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 needs to be 5cm lower than the surrounding pavement.
The rainwater pipe 10 is arranged at the position of 5cm at the bottom of the overflow well, and the rainwater pipe 10 is also connected with the seepage pipe 8 and used for discharging seepage into a municipal pipe network.
Here, the retention tank further includes a filter cover installed at the other end of the overflow well 9. The filtering cover can be a rainwater grate.
EXAMPLE III
In practical application, the embodiment establishes a bioretention pond in the reconstruction area, and the water storage capacity of the bioretention pond is 0.7m3(ii) a The concrete implementation is as follows:
excavating a regular triangle foundation pit with the side length of 4m and the depth of 90cm in the reconstruction area, and paving waterproof geotextile around and at the bottom of the foundation pit; the bioretention tank includes: the soil-shifting and soil-shifting device comprises a macadam base layer 1, a separation layer 2, an isolation component 3, a planting soil layer 4 and a filter material layer 5; wherein,
the gravel base layer 1 is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool and is used for bearing and permeating water flow; the thickness of the gravel base layer is 20cm, the gravel can be open-graded gravel, and the crushing value is less than or equal to 25%; the particle size of the broken stone is 5-25 mm.
The separation layer 2 is positioned above the gravel base layer 1; the separation layer 2 is a permeable geotextile.
The isolation component 3 is positioned above the separation layer 2, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component 3 and the separation layer 2; the included angle is 90 degrees. So as to be able to separate the vegetation layer 4 from the filter layer 5.
In this embodiment, the isolation members 2 are a plurality of wooden partition plates, and the isolation members 3 are arranged along the retention tank for a circle; wherein the thickness of the wooden partition is 2cm, the length is 40cm, and the width is 20 cm; and the distance between the partition plate and the periphery of the bioretention pond is about 15 cm; in order to improve the appearance, the height of the isolation component 2 is 1-2 cm higher than the edge of the planting soil layer 4.
The planting soil layer 4 is positioned on one side of the isolation component 3, and is filled with common soil for planting landscape plants; the soil planting layer 4 is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, and the height of the soil planting layer 4 is 44 cm.
The filter material layer 5 is positioned on the other side of the isolation component 2 and is used for seepage; the filter material layer 5 is filled with a metallurgical slag filter material with the thickness of 36cm, and the width of the side belt of the filter material layer 5 is 8 cm. The metallurgical slag filter material is processed by solid waste discharged by ferrous metallurgy enterprises, has a porous particle structure and has a permeability coefficient of 1.23 multiplied by 10-5m/s; the metallurgical slag filter material has certain alkalinity, and can well remove pollutants such as suspended matters, heavy metals and the like in rainwater.
When determining the permeability v of the precoat 5, it can be determined by equation (1):
in formula (1), P is the catchment partition area served by the bioretention pond, and in this embodiment P is 35m2(ii) a The h is the rainfall of the runoff total amount control rate conversion, and the h is 20 mm; t is the emptying time of the bioretention pond; t is 12-24 h; the a is the perimeter of the bioretention pool, and the side length of the bioretention pool is 4 m; and b is the width of the filter material layer 5 and is 8 cm. Finally, the calculated permeability coefficientIs 8.44 multiplied by 10-6～1.69×10-5m/s, so the permeability coefficient of the selected metallurgical slag filter material meets the drainage requirement.
Thus, the separation component 2 divides the biological retention pool into a drainage area and a planting area; when the rainfall is large, the planting soil layer 4 is of a convex surface structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, so that the rainwater can flow to the filter material layer 5 on the outer side, and the filter material layer 5 filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; therefore, the planting soil layer 4 can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of the common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer 4 can plant common evergreen plants in four seasons, and the landscape requirement is met.
Here, in order to protect the filter material layer, the retention tank further includes: a cover layer 6, the cover layer 6 being located above the filter layer 5. The cover layer 6 includes: a pebble layer, wherein the thickness of the covering layer 6 is 3 cm; the particle size of the pebbles is 10-25 mm.
In order to make it possible to retain rainwater, the retention pond further includes: and the retention layer 7 is a space above the planting soil layer 4, and the space is a water storage area which is concave downwards relative to the peripheral ground.
Referring to fig. 2, the height of the retention layer 7 can be determined by equation (2):
in formula (2), the p1Is the area of the bioretention tank.
And then determining the height difference d between the top of the edge covering layer of the bioretention pond and the peripheral road through a formula (3):
d＝d1+D+d2 (3)
in the formula (3), d1The height difference between the top of the planting soil layer and the lowest point around the planting soil layer is d1Is 5cm, said d2For the top and the peripheral road of the overflow well 9A height difference of (d) to1Is 6 cm.
Further, in order to discharge the treated rainwater out of the detention pond, referring to fig. 1, the detention pond further comprises: oozing pipe 8, ooze pipe 8 install the bottom of detention pond, ooze pipe 8 with the distance of detention pond bottom is 3.5 cm. The infiltration pipe 8 is a plastic infiltration pipe; the infiltration pipe 8 is provided with a plurality of through holes, the opening positions of the through holes are 45 degrees obliquely downwards, and the distance between the through holes is 10 cm.
In order to be able to handle heavy rain conditions, the retention basin further comprises: the overflow well 9 and the rainwater pipe 10, the overflow well 9 is made of concrete, one end of the overflow well 9 is positioned at the bottom of the detention pond and is flush with the bottom; the other end of the overflow well 9 is located at the top of the retention tank. Specifically, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 is determined according to the area of the catchment subarea served by the bioretention pond and the volume of the detention layer 7, and generally, the height of one end of the overflow well 9 needs to be lower than the surrounding pavement by 6 cm.
The rainwater pipe 10 is arranged at the position 4.5cm away from the bottom of the overflow well, and the rainwater pipe 10 is also connected with the seepage pipe 8 and used for discharging seepage into a municipal pipe network.
Here, the retention tank further includes a filter cover installed at the other end of the overflow well 9. The filtering cover can be a rainwater grate.
The biological retention pool provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a bioretention pond, the system comprising: the gravel base layer is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool; a spacer layer located above the crushed stone base layer; the isolation component is positioned above the separation layer, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component and the separation layer; the planting soil layer is positioned on one side of the isolation component and is filled with common soil; the filter material layer is positioned on the other side of the partition plate and is used for seepage; wherein the planting soil layer is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery; thus, the biological retention pond is divided into a drainage area and a planting area by the isolation component; the planting soil layer is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery, so that rainwater can flow to the filter material layer on the outer side, and the filter material layer filters and permeates the rainwater, so that the drainage requirement is met; the filter material layer and the soil body are arranged in a separated mode, mutual interference does not exist, the filter material layer can be recovered and replaced regularly, maintenance is convenient, and plants are not damaged; therefore, the planting soil layer can not retain too much rainwater, and the permeability of common soil is not large, so that the planting soil layer can be used for planting common evergreen plants, the planting range is expanded, and the landscape requirements are met; in addition, the upper end of the isolation component exceeds the edge of the planting soil layer by 1-2 cm, when water is sprayed to the plants for maintenance at ordinary times, water is only sprayed to the planting area, the total water amount is small, and the water is left in the planting soil layer to slowly infiltrate the nourishing plants; when raining, water on the road flows into the side part of the bioretention pond to directly seep; when the rain is large, the retention layer can be filled with rain water through overflow; when rainstorm occurs, the overproof rainwater is discharged through the overflow well. Furthermore, the plant soil layer only bears a small amount of infiltration functions (which are not considered during calculation of drainage), so that the impact of a rainwater infiltration process on a native soil ecosystem is reduced, the ecological balance of native soil is maintained, and the bioretention pond is more in line with the concept of using local plants in sponge cities and developing with low influence.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A bioretention tank characterised in that the tank includes:
the gravel base layer is positioned at the bottom of the retention pool;
a spacer layer located above the crushed stone base layer;
the isolation component is positioned above the separation layer, and an included angle is formed between the isolation component and the separation layer;
the planting soil layer is positioned on one side of the isolation component and is filled with common soil;
the filter material layer is positioned on the other side of the isolation component and is used for seepage; wherein the planting soil layer is of a convex structure with a high middle part and a low periphery;
the seepage pipe is arranged at the bottom of the retention pool, and the distance between the seepage pipe and the bottom of the retention pool is 3-5 cm;
the retention tank further comprises: one end of the overflow well is positioned at the bottom of the retention tank, and the other end of the overflow well is positioned at the top of the retention tank;
the retention tank further comprises: and the rainwater pipe is arranged at the position of 3-5 cm at the bottom of the overflow well.
2. The retention pond according to claim 1, wherein the filter material layer is filled with a metallurgical slag filter material with a thickness of 30-50 cm.
3. The retention tank of claim 1, further comprising: a cover layer located over the frit layer.
4. The retention tank of claim 1, further comprising: the detention layer is the space above the planting soil layer.
5. The retention tank of claim 1, wherein the partition member includes: a baffle or a dividing fence.
6. The retention tank of claim 1, further comprising: and the filter cover is arranged at the other end of the overflow well.
7. A retention tank according to claim 1, wherein the separation layer comprises: permeable geotextile or coarse sand.
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| CN108002669A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-05-08 | 长安大学 | A kind of road is used for the rainwater biology delaying basin for removing removing heavy metals |
| CN108558122A (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-09-21 | 广州市环境保护工程设计院有限公司 | A kind of high efficient block biology gaseous-waste holdup system |
| CN109809632A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-05-28 | 江苏大学 | A kind of biological delaying basin improving denitrogenation dephosphorizing ability |
| CN109763559B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-11 | 悉地（苏州）勘察设计顾问有限公司 | Design method of biological detention pond |
| CN112302135A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-02 | 重庆交通大学 | Bioretention system |
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