RU2220104C1 - System of water purification and a nutrient mixture feeding in the soil for the drip irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture: drip irrigation and addition of fertilizer to the soil. SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a system of water purification and nutrient mixture feeding in the soil for the drip irrigation. The system may be used in agriculture and agricultural engineering industry, in particular in the systems of drip irrigation and address water and nutrient solutions delivery in a zone of the plants roots location on the irrigated field. The system includes hydraulically linked a water source, a pumping plant, a container for preparation of a nutrient solution, a filter, manometers, a locking fixture, a main pipe, a net of distributive and irrigation pipelines and d trickles. The filter for water has three stages. The prime stage is used for removal of the mineral rubbish, vegetable impurities and suspended substances and is made in the form of a high-pressure hydrocyclone. It has in its cavity a self-cleaning mesh screen, a settling chamber for collection of the pollution products and a valve for their discharge. The second stage of the fine purification is made in the form of a horizontally placed sealed container filled with a filtration material and with mounted inside the container above a filtration material the upper pipe for water delivery from the high- pressure hydrocyclone. The third stage for the fine water purification provides for removal of the suspended substances from the purified water using the fabric gauze filter enveloping surfaces of the sli-type drain pipes. EFFECT: the invention allows to simplify Design, to increase a degree of unification, quality of water purification and productivity. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, in particular to drip irrigation systems for the directed supply of water and nutrient solutions to the root zone of each irrigated plant for the entire growing season.

 A known drip irrigation system for sheltered soil, including a water source, a pump, plant feed with mineral fertilizers, a filter with manometers, main, distribution and irrigation pipelines, connecting parts, valves, remote control valves, droppers and guide tubes (see the advertising brochure of VDNKh USSR : Drip irrigation system for sheltered soil (VNII waterpolymer design). Jelgava (former Latvian SSR). -1987. -S. 4 / Compiled by RT Balode, Ya.A. Karklis, A.B. Solodovnik, Z .P. Zeps).

 The disadvantages of this system include the fact that dissolved fertilizers are fed into the filter before cleaning the water itself, thereby exacerbating the processes of clogging of the filtration material.

A drip irrigation system is also known, including a water source, a settling basin, a pumping station and an irrigation network with droppers, in which, in order to increase reliability and reduce operating costs, the system is equipped with linearly extended tubular filters laid in the ground along the shore of the water source and recessed under the groundwater level, while the tubular filters are in communication with the pool-sump, which is made closed (SU, copyright certificate 1551285, A1, Mcl ⁵ A 01 G 25/02. Drip irrigation system / N.A. Kudel, A.V. Shevchenko and M.I. Romashchenko (USSR).-Application 4443850 / 30-15. Declared 05.06.1988. Publish. 23.03.1990. Bul. 11 // 0 openings. Inventions. -1990.- 11).

 The disadvantages of this drip irrigation system are the large material and labor costs associated with the construction of a settling basin and laying tubular filters under the groundwater level. Filtration of filters cannot be removed with countercurrent water.

Known sump for wastewater treatment, comprising a housing with nozzles for inputting the source fluid and outputting the separated phases, rows of inclined shelves with corrugations and troughs for draining the fraction, in which, in order to improve the quality of treatment, the troughs are arranged in rows along the entire height of the apparatus along its longitudinal the axes between the rows of inclined shelves and have a slope to the phase outlet pipes, and the grooves of one row are installed with the bottom down, and the adjacent row are installed with the bottom up, while the direction of the corrugations coincides with the direction of their inclination (SU, Torsky certificate 895929, Mcl. ³ C 02 F 1/40. Sump for wastewater treatment / V. N. Krasovekin, F. I. Mutin, M. B. Glazer et al. (USSR). Application 2449243 / 23-26. Stated 02/03/1977. Publish. 07.08.1982. Bull. 1 // Discovery. Inventions.-1982.- 1).

 The disadvantages of the described sump in relation to the problem being solved include the low efficiency of removing sediment from the shelves of the corrugations.

Also known is a filter for water purification, comprising a cylindrical mesh housing, a coaxial cylinder installed therein, a coarse-grained floating loading layer located in the annular space between the housing and the cylinder, and a fine-grained loading layer, in which, in order to improve the quality of oil treatment, the layer fine-grained loading is located inside the cylinder, the latter is made of fibrous non-woven filter material, the ratio of the thickness of the coarse-grained layer to the inner radius of the cylinder 2: 1 (SU, copyright certificate 1594149, A1, M. cl. ⁵ C 02 F 1/40, 01 D 24/00. Filter for water purification / M.V. Petrenko and O.V. Vopilova (USSR ) .- Application 4359753 / 23-26. It is claimed 07.01.1988. Publish. 09/23/1990. Bull. 35 // Discovery. Inventions.-1990.- 35).

 The disadvantages of this filter include limited functionality, low technical and operational reliability of the coarse-grained floating load and fine-grained loading inside the non-woven filter material. When filling the pores of the feed material, the latter should be disposed of by burning or burial.

 Known pressure hydrocyclone containing a housing, a drain chamber, an air tube, a feed pipe, a slurry chamber, a pipe for removing sludge and a pipeline of clarified water (see book Skirdov I.V., Ponomarev V.G. Wastewater treatment in hydrocyclones / M. : Stroyizdat, -1975.-176s.-S.34, Fig. 1.19).

 The disadvantages of a pressure hydrocyclone include the low quality of water treatment and the possibility of trapping sludge from the slurry chamber and the lower part of the hydrocyclone body.

 There is also a known system for preparing water for drip irrigation, in which cylindrical filter housings filled with filtration material are mounted vertically and are hydraulically connected to the water purification units by means of a water supply and drainage network (see the EURODRJP JRPIGATION SYSTEMS advertising brochure Fig. 01).

 The increase in productivity was achieved by the number of filters (up to 11 pieces) hydraulically connected in parallel to the drip irrigation system.

The closest analogue to the claimed object according to its functional purpose and the number of common essential distinguishing features includes a system for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil, containing a container for preparing a nutrient solution, a filter, a nutrient filler, an inlet water pipe, the latter contains a sprinkler according to the utility model, the system further comprises a storage tank, perimeter hermetically connected to the container for the nutrient solution, having a transition a pipe connecting the tank to the tank, from where water flows by gravity into the tank, and an aerator is connected to the inlet pipe of air (oxygen) at the bottom of the tank, while the outlet pipe of the prepared water is placed below the water level in the tank, which does not exceed the transitional installation level a nozzle from a container for preparing a nutrient solution (RU, certificate for utility model 22399 U1, IPC ⁷ A 01 G 27/00. System for preparing water and feeding the nutrient mixture to the soil / I.A. Galkin (RU) .- Application 2001129552/20. Announced on 10/31/2001. 04/10/2002 // Inventions. Useful models.-2002.- 10.-P.244).

 The disadvantages of this system, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include low productivity due to the vertical placement of the filter and the inability to remove colmatage from the system cavity without completely disassembling it, poor quality of water treatment, unjustified design complexity and lack of full processability for serial production ( replication).

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to which the invention is directed is to expand the functionality of the water treatment system and supply the nutrient mixture to the soil under drip irrigation.

 EFFECT: simplified design, increased degree of unification, quality of water treatment and productivity.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known system of water purification and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil for drip irrigation, including hydraulically connected water source, pump station, tank for preparing the nutrient solution, filter, manometers, shutoff valves, main pipeline, distribution and irrigation network pipelines and droppers, according to the invention, the water purification filter is made in three stages: the first stage is designed to remove mineral debris, plant impurities th and slurries, and is designed as a high-pressure hydro-cyclone provided with concentrically mounted in its cavity self-cleaning screen mesh, sediment collection chamber contamination and valve products for their release; the second stage of fine cleaning is presented in the form of a horizontally installed airtight container filled with filtration material with an upper slotted pipe mounted in it above the filtration material to supply water from a high-pressure hydrocyclone; the third stage of fine water purification is provided for removing suspensions from the purified water by a woven strainer covering the surfaces of slotted drainage pipes mounted in the bottom of the tank, and the tank for preparing the nutrient solution is hydraulically parallel connected to the network between a high-pressure hydrocyclone with a slotted pipe for supplying water to the tank with filtration material through a four-way valve and valve, while the mentioned pumping station, high-pressure hydrocyclone, drainage slotted pipes third cleaning stages and a main pipeline for supplying purified water to droppers are hydraulically connected by means of series-connected three-way valves; filtering material of the second cleaning stage is presented in the form of dolomite gravel with a grain size of 5-20 mm, a layer of 200-400 mm, laid over a layer of quartz sand with grain sizes of 1-5 mm, 300-600 mm thick.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 is a hydraulic diagram of a fragment of a water purification system and feeding a nutrient mixture into the soil for drip irrigation in the "water purification" mode of operation.

 In FIG. 2 - the same, in the operation mode "removal of pollution products and clogging".

 In FIG. 3 - the same, in the operating mode "supply of the nutrient mixture with purified water".

 Figure 4 is the same, in the mode of operation "transit supply of untreated water through the main pipeline".

 Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows.

 The water purification system and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil for drip irrigation includes a hydraulically connected water source, a pumping station, a tank 1 for preparing a nutrient solution, a filter 2, pressure gauges 3, 4 and 5, shutoff valves, main pipeline 6, a network of distribution and irrigation pipelines and droppers. The filter 2 in the system is mounted between the pressure pipe 7 of the pumping station and the main pipelines 6.

 The filter 2 for water purification is made in three stages. The first cleaning stage is designed to remove mineral debris, vegetable impurities and suspensions and is made in the form of a high-pressure hydrocyclone 8. The hydrocyclone 8 is equipped with a self-cleaning mesh screen 9 concentrically installed in its cavity, a sedimentation chamber 10 for collecting pollution products and a valve 11 for their release.

 The second stage of water purification is presented in the form of a horizontally installed airtight container 13 filled with filtration material 12 with an upper slotted tube 14 mounted above it for filtering water from a high-pressure hydrocyclone 8. The filtration material 12 of the second purification stage is presented in the form of dolomite gravel with grain sizes of 5 -20 mm layer of 200-400 mm. Crushed stone is laid over the layer in the bottom of the tank 13 of quartz sand with grain sizes of 1-5 mm and a thickness of 300-600 mm.

 The third stage of fine water purification is provided for removing suspensions from the purified water by woven mesh filters 15. The mesh filters 15 capture the surfaces of the slotted drainage pipes 16 mounted in the bottom of the tank 13. The drainage pipes 16 are mutually connected by a collector.

 The tank 1 for the preparation of the nutrient solution is hydraulically parallel connected to the network between the high-pressure hydrocyclone 8 and the slit pipe 14 for supplying water to the tank 13 with the filter material 12 by means of a four-way valve 17 and valve 18. The body of the four-way valve 17 is connected by upper and lower hoses 19 and 20 parts of the tank 1 to create a mother liquor of the nutrient mixture.

 Mentioned pumping station, high-pressure hydrocyclone 8, drainage slit pipes 16 of the third water purification stage, and a main pipeline for supplying purified water to droppers are hydraulically connected by means of series-connected three-way valves 21 and 22. In the cases of three-way valves 21, 22 and four-way valve 17 are placed crowns 23 , 24 and 25. On the protruding parts of the crowns 23, 24 and 25 are made "T" - or "X" -shaped indicators of their positions in the taps 17, 21 and 22.

 The pressure gauge 3 is mounted in the nipple of the pressure pipe 7.

 The pressure gauge 4 is placed in the nipple of the outlet 26 connecting the valve 18 with the upper slotted tube 14 of the tank 13.

 A pressure gauge 5 is installed on the initial section of the main pipeline 6.

 Cases of three-way valves 21 and 22 by means of 27 and 28 couplings are mutually connected to the collector of slotted drainage pipes 16.

 The system of water purification and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil for drip irrigation works as follows.

 We will consider the Rabatu of the described system in the following modes: water purification; removal of pollution and colmatage products; feeding the nutrient mixture with purified water; transit supply of untreated water through the main pipeline.

 Water from an open reservoir by a pumping station 7 enters the cavity of the three-way valve 21. When the crown 23 is shown in Fig. 1, untreated water under pressure controlled by a pressure gauge 3 enters the cavity of a high-pressure hydrocyclone 8. During tangential water supply to the cavity hydrocyclone on each of its molecules and coarse-dispersed impurities mainly three forces act: centrifugal, dropping heavy particles to the periphery of the stream; resistance forces of a moving stream; gravitational forces. The forces of inertia can be neglected. At relatively high fluid rotation speeds in hydrocyclones, centrifugal forces significantly exceed gravity, and the particle velocity in a centrifugal field also increases. Due to the indicated force fields, coarsely dispersed mixtures along the inner wall of the hydrocyclone move in the direction of the sedimentation chamber 10. A mesh screen 9 installed in the cavity of the hydrocyclone 8 eliminates the ingress of suspended matter into the outlet zone of the purified water from the first stage of the filter water treatment system 2. With the valve 18 fully open and the position of the crown 25 in the housing of the four-way valve 17 shown in FIG. 1, water under pressure through the outlet 26 is directed into the cavity of the slotted tube 14 of the tank 13.

 Through the slots of the pipe 14, water from the high-pressure hydrocyclone 8 enters the cavity of the sealed container 13. With steady flow, water under pressure penetrates the layers of filtering material 12.

 In the voids between the grains of dolomite gravel, impurities of 80-150 microns in size are retained. After that, water penetrates a layer of quartz sand with grain sizes of 1-5 mm. Suspensions with particle sizes of 40-80 microns are delayed in the sand layer. The final purification of the water in the tank 13 is carried out by strainers 15 on the surfaces of the drainage pipes 16. From the collector of the drainage pipes 16 through the drain 27, the purified water enters the body of the three-way valve 22. When the crown 24 is shown in Fig. 1, the purified water from the main pipe 6 sent to a network of distribution and irrigation pipelines with droppers. Droppers with given costs direct purified water to the root layer of the soil. The normal operation of filter 2 is judged by the values of the differences in water pressures recorded by pressure gauges 3, 4 and 5.

 During the long-term operation of filter 2, suspensions accumulate in the voids 12 of quartz sand and dolomite crushed stone, i.e. the filtration material is clogged and the pollution products accumulate in the sedimentation chamber 10.

 The operator servicing the system, the crowns 23 and 24 of the three-way valves 21 and 22 translates into the positions shown in figure 2. The positions of the valve 18 and crown 25 of the four-way valve 17 remain the same as those shown in the diagram of FIG. 1.

 When the pumping station is operating, the operator smoothly opens the valve 11 of the sedimentary chamber. The pulp from the sedimentation chamber 10 with pollution products is sent through an additional pipeline to the site for irrigation inlet (watering the vineyard, orchard, and other decorative plantings). At the same time, water from the pressure pipe enters first into the body of the three-way valve 21, then through the drive 28 into the cavity of the body of the three-way valve 22 and through the drive 27 into the collector of the drain pipes 16. Under pressure of water from each woven strainer 15 on the surface of the pipes 16 are washed backward sediment and suspension. Penetrating through the pores of the sand layer and the crushed stone layer, larger particles are entrained by water flows and through the slits of the pipe 14 are discharged into the outlet 26, and from it into the cavity of the hydrocyclone 8. This stream removes pollution products from the surface of the mesh screen 9 and through the sedimentation chamber 10 and valve 11 are removed outside the filter 2. Based on the difference in the readings of pressure gauges 4 and 3, the operator judges the degree of removal of the clogging from the container 13 of the filter 2.

 For plant nutrition, instant microelements and / or mineral fertilizers are poured into the container 1. The lid of the container 1 is tightly closed with a lid. Next, the operator transfers the crown 25 of the four-way valve 17 to the position shown in Fig. 3. When reducing the live section in the valve body 18, the operator along the sleeve 19 supplies part of the water to the bottom of the tank 1. When the tangential water supply to the tank 1 creates a vortex flow. Trace elements and fertilizers dissolve in the stream of water. Thus in the tank 1 creates a mother liquor. The latter along the sleeve 20 is introduced into the housing 17 of the four-way valve 17, and from it into the outlet 26. The sludge and other suspensions are captured by the filter material 12 in the tank 1.

 The flow of water from the pressure pipe 7 at the position of the crown 23 of the three-way valve 21 shown in figure 3, first enters the high-pressure hydrocyclone 8, and then into the container 13 of the filter 2. The purified water is filtered by a filter material 12 and a mesh woven filter 15 through 27 to the body of the three-way valve 22, and its crown - in the main pipeline. The droppers of irrigation pipelines along with purified water bring the necessary nutrients to the roots of plants.

 In the early spring or autumn periods, water-charging irrigation is carried out. For these purposes, water is supplied from the water source by the pump station through the pressure pipe 7 through a three-way valve 21, a drain 28 and a three-way valve 22 in transit under pressure to the main pipe 6. The positions of the crowns 23 and 24 in the three-way valves 21 and 22 are shown in Fig. 4. At the indicated positions of the crowns 23 and 24, the high-pressure hydrocyclone 8 and the container 13 of the filter 2 are closed.

 Three-way valves 23 and 24 and a four-way valve 17 together with valves 11 and 18 simplify the process of controlling the filter for fine cleaning during drip irrigation.

Claims (2)

1. The system of water purification and feeding the nutrient mixture into the soil for drip irrigation, including hydraulically connected water source, pump station, tank for preparing the nutrient solution, filter, manometers, stop valves, main pipeline, distribution and irrigation pipelines and droppers, characterized in that the water purification filter is made in three stages: the first stage is designed to remove mineral debris, plant impurities and suspensions and is made in the form of a high-pressure hydrocyclone, sn a self-cleaning mesh screen concentrically installed in its cavity, a sedimentation chamber for collecting pollution products and a valve for their release, the second stage of fine cleaning is presented in the form of a horizontally installed sealed container filled with filtering material with an upper slotted pipe mounted in it above the filtering material to supply water from high-pressure hydrocyclone, the third stage of fine water purification is provided for removing suspensions from purified water by a woven strainer rum, covering the surface of slotted drainage pipes mounted in the bottom of the tank, and the tank for the preparation of the nutrient solution is hydraulically parallel connected to the network between the high-pressure hydrocyclone and the slotted pipe for supplying water to the tank with filtration material through a four-way valve and valve, while the mentioned pump station , high-pressure hydrocyclone, drainage slotted pipes of the third cleaning stage and the main pipeline for supplying purified water to droppers are hydraulically connected s through three-way valves connected in series. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter material of the second cleaning stage is presented in the form of dolomite gravel with grain sizes of 5-20 mm, a layer of 200-400 mm, laid over a layer of quartz sand with grain sizes of 1-5 mm, 300- thickness 600 mm.

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