RU2768421C1 - Machine for transportation of anode pallets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, namely to machines for technological maintenance of electrolytic cells for producing aluminum by electrolytic method, and can be used for self-loading, in-plant transportation and self-unloading of pallets with anodes, anode stubs or similar loads. Machine for transportation of anode pallets is made with possibility of lifting and lowering of pallet (17) by longitudinal bars (10) by means of system of double-arm levers (13), central axis (14) of each of which is pivotally fixed on the frame of trailer (6), extreme axis (15) is pivotally connected to hydraulic cylinder (9) pivotally fixed at the other end on the frame of trailer (6), opposite end of lever (13) is rigidly connected to bar (10), which is a support for pallet (17), and to retain pallet (17) in longitudinal direction and fixation during transportation, retainers (18) are installed on each lever (13).

EFFECT: safeguarding of transported anodes from mechanical action and higher safety during operation of the machine.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, and in particular to machines for technological maintenance of electrolyzers for producing aluminum by the electrolytic method, and can be used for self-loading, intra-factory transportation and self-unloading of pallets with anodes, anode cinders or similar loads.

State of the art

From the prior art, a device for transporting goods (author's certificate for the invention SU No. 1117236, publ. 07.11.1984), of an articulated design, with a balancing cart, with a movable platform, is known.

The disadvantage of analogue is the lack of shelter that protects the carbon blocks of anodes from precipitation, the complexity of the design of the movable platform due to the presence of a connecting beam, vertical guides with power cylinders, the deterioration of the stability of the device when the pallets with anodes are raised to the transport position due to an increase in the height of the center of gravity, a significant overall height with anodes on pallets due to the placement of the anodes on a lifting platform above the wheels.

Known articulated vehicle (author's certificate for the invention SU No. 1477586, publ. 05/07/1989), articulated design, with a balancing cart, with a movable platform.

The disadvantage of the analogue vehicle is the lack of a shelter that protects the carbon blocks of anodes from precipitation, not good enough stability when the pallets with anodes are raised to the transport position due to an increase in the height of the center of gravity, a significant overall height with anodes on pallets due to the placement of anodes on a lifting platform above the wheels .

A machine for transporting anodes of an aluminum electrolytic cell is known (patent for an industrial design RU No. 94890, publ. 16.08.2015). An articulated machine in the form of a single-axle tractor with a cab and a motor unit in the front and a trailer with a rear frame on balancing bogies with a pallet lifting mechanism in the form of a lifting frame powered by hydraulic cylinders.

The disadvantage of the analog machine is the lack of a shelter that protects the carbon blocks of anodes from precipitation, not good enough stability when pallets with anodes are raised to the transport position due to an increase in the height of the center of gravity, a significant overall height with anodes on pallets due to the placement of anodes on a lifting platform above the wheels.

The closest analogue is the machine for transporting anode pallets (published on the Hencon website in the section “electrolysis cell equipment” at: (http://hencon.ru/produktsiya/produkt-1/tekhnika-dlya-korpusov-elektroliza/ mashina-transporta-anodnykh-pallet).

An articulated machine in the form of a single-axle tractor with a cab and a motor unit in the front part and a trailer with a U-shaped frame open at the rear with a pallet lifting mechanism in the form of two longitudinal bars powered by hydraulic cylinders and a double-leaf shelter powered by hydraulic cylinders.

The disadvantages of the known analogue machine are the lack of fixation of the pallet from longitudinal shift during transportation, which is unsafe, in addition, the non-rigid position of the flaps of the double-wing shelter in the open and closed positions is unsafe due to the flaps resting only on the rods of the lifting-lowering hydraulic cylinders, and additionally, the lack of protection against impact precipitation on the coal blocks of the anodes of the shelter in the closed position due to the lack of sealing along the length of the outer edges of the shelter doors at the top, due to the slot for exiting the shelter of the anode risers, along the end and at the bottom due to the gap between the leaf and the trailer frame. These shortcomings indicate a lack of functional adaptability of the machine.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is to ensure the safety of the transported anodes from mechanical impact and increase the safety during operation of the machine.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the machine for transporting anode pallets of an articulated design in the form of a single-axle tractor (1) with a cab (2) and a motor unit (3) in the front part, and a trailer (5) with a U-shaped open in the rear part of the frame (6) on balancing carts (7) with a pallet lifting mechanism (8) in the form of longitudinal bars (10) powered by hydraulic cylinders (9) and a folding shelter (12) powered by hydraulic cylinders (11), the novelty is that made with the possibility of lifting and lowering the pallet (17) by longitudinal bars (10) by means of a system of two-arm levers (13), the middle axis (14) of each of which is hinged on the trailer frame (6), the extreme axis (15) is hinged to the hydraulic cylinder ( 9), hinged at the other end on the trailer frame (6), the opposite end of the lever (13) is rigidly connected to the beam (10), which is a support for the pallet (17), and to hold the pallet (17) in the longitudinal direction and fix it when transportation on each the lever (13) is equipped with locks (18).

The invention is supplemented by private distinguishing features that contribute to the achievement of the technical result.

For rigid holding of each leaf of the folding shelter (12) in the open position, stops (24) equipped with elastic bumpers (25) are installed on the trailer frame (6) to hold each leaf of the folding shelter (12) in the closed position on the wings of the shelter (12) stops (26) equipped with elastic bumpers (27) are installed. A hole (19) is made on the pallet (17) for the latch (18), and to seal the edges of the shelter flaps (12) in the closed position along the outer edges of the shelter flaps (12) from above, from the end and from the bottom, strips of elastic material (28, 29, 30), covering the entire length of the outer edges of the doors the gap between the doors and between the doors and the frame of the trailer (6).

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 shows a machine for transporting anode pallets with anodes with a loaded pallet and a closed shelter in the transport position, general view on the left.

In FIG. 2 shows a machine for transporting anode pallets with anodes, seen along arrow A in FIG. 1, with shelters conditionally removed, with a local cut of the pallet from the bottom of the image, general view from above.

In FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of the machine for transporting anode pallets with anodes in the direction of arrow B in FIG. 1, in the transport position of the pallet, with two positions of the shelter, the main line is the transport (closed) position of the shelter, the dotted line is the open position of the shelter, a general rear view.

In FIG. 4 shows an enlarged section along arrows B-B in FIG. 1 vehicles for transporting anode pallets with the pallet lowered to the floor and with the cover door open.

In FIG. 5 shows an enlarged section along arrows B-B in FIG. 1 vehicles for transporting anode pallets with the pallet lifted into the transport position and with the cover door closed.

In FIG. 6 shows an enlarged fragment of a 3D view of a two-arm lever with a pallet lifting hydraulic cylinder.

List of structural elements:

1 - single-axle tractor;

2 - cabin;

3 - motor installation;

4 - frame hinge;

5 – trailer;

6 – trailer frame;

7 - balancing trolley;

8 – pallet lifting mechanism;

9 – pallet lifting hydraulic cylinder;

10 - longitudinal beam;

11 – shelter hydraulic cylinder;

12 - folding shelter;

13 - two-arm lever;

14 - the middle axis of the lever;

15 - extreme axis of the lever;

16 - the axis of the hydraulic cylinder;

17 - pallet;

18 - pallet lock;

19 - fixation hole;

20 - beam stop;

21 - chipper - frame limiter;

22 - elastic element of the chipper;

23 - swing axis of the sash;

24 - emphasis on the open position of the sash;

25 - elastic bump stop;

26 - emphasis of the closed position of the sash;

27 - elastic bump stop;

28 - upper sealing strip;

29 - end seal strip;

30 - lower sealing strip;

31 - anode.

The machine for transporting anode pallets of articulated design consists of a single-axle tractor 1 with a cab 2 and a motor unit 3 in the front part and a trailer 5 connected by a frame hinge 4 with a U-shaped frame 6 open at the rear on balancing carts 7. The trailer 5 contains a lifting mechanism pallets 8 in the form of lifting hydraulic cylinders 9, two longitudinal bars 10 and a moisture-resistant folding shelter 12 operating from hydraulic cylinders 11, preferably a double-leaf shelter.

The mechanism for lifting and lowering pallets 8 contains two-arm levers 13, the middle axis 14 of each of which is pivotally mounted on the frame 6 of the trailer, the extreme axis 15 is pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder 9, hinged at the other end on the axis 16 on the frame of the trailer 6, the opposite end of the lever 13 rigidly connected with the longitudinal bar 10. The longitudinal bar 10 rigidly connects the ends of the two levers 13 and is a support for the pallet 17, and to hold the pallet 17 in the longitudinal direction, each lever 13 is provided with pallet clamps 18. Fixation of the pallet 18 by the pallet 17 is carried out by the hole 19 in a palette. At the end of the longitudinal bar 10, a bar stop 20 is provided, which is a limiter for the correct installation of the latch 18 opposite the fixation hole 19 in the pallet 17 before lifting it into the transport position. On the frame 6 of the trailer 5 there are bumpers - frame limiters 21 with elastic elements 22 for the correct shock-free stop of the trailer when loaded into the trailer 5 before lifting the pallet 17.

Shelter flaps 12 open, closed by hydraulic cylinders 11 on the swing axes of the flap 23. In the open position of the shelter flaps 12, they are rigidly held by special stops of the open position of the flap 24, equipped with bumpers 25 made of elastic material. In the closed position of the flaps of the shelter 12, they are rigidly held by special stops of the closed position of the flap 26 equipped with bumpers 27 made of elastic material. The sealing of the shelter flaps 12 in the closed position is carried out, at the top along the anode risers - due to the upper sealing strip 28, made of elastic material, fixed along the upper edge of the shelter flap 12, along the end of the flap - due to the end sealing strip 29, made of elastic material, fixed along the end edge of the shelter flap 12, at the bottom - due to the lower sealing strip 30, made of elastic material, fixed along the lower edge of the shelter flap 12. On the pallet 17 it is possible to transport the anodes 31, their cinders or similar piece goods.

Anode pallet transport machine works as follows

Loading of anodes 31 on pallets 17 is performed by a workshop crane. For self-loading of pallets 17 with anodes 31 on the machine, the tractor 1 delivers the trailer 5, with the longitudinal bars 10 lowered and the shelter doors 12 open under the supporting platforms of the pallet 17, reversing until the pallet 17 stops against the bar 20 and stops against the elastic element 22 of the frame bumper 21 Further, with the help of pallet lifting hydraulic cylinders 9, two-arm levers 13 from the lower position indicated in FIG. 4, lift the bars 10 and pallets 17 with anodes 31 to the upper position indicated in FIG. 5, while the bars 10 align the pallet 17 parallel to the frame of the trailer 6 of the machine, and the clamps of the pallet 18 enter the holes for fixing 19 on the pallet 17, thereby limiting the displacement of the pallet 17 along the bars 10, being in the limited space of the fixation holes 19 in the pallet 17. Further, by hydraulic cylinders 11, the shutters of the shelter 12 are closed to the position indicated in Fig. 5. In this case, the elastic bumpers 27 of the stops of the closed position of the flaps 26 are in contact and fix the flaps. In the closed position of the shelter flaps 12, the upper sealing strips 28, made of elastic material, cover the space along the width of the anode risers, the end sealing strips 29, made of elastic material, cover the space along the end of the shelter flaps 12, the lower sealing strips 30 overlap the space between the lower edge shelter flaps 12 and trailer frame 6. The seal provides protection for new carbon blocks of anodes 31 from the negative impact of the environment on them, and when transporting anode cinders, it protects the environment from the negative impact of heated cinders on it.

After transportation of pallets 17 with anodes 31 to the electrolysis building, the machine is installed in the place of self-unloading. The hydraulic cylinders 11 open the shutters of the shelter 12 without impact until they stop against the elastic bump stop 25 of the stop of the open position of the leaf 24. The hydraulic cylinders 9, due to the levers 13, lower the longitudinal bars 10 together with the pallets 17. The clamps of the pallets 18 come out of the fixation holes 19, freeing the pallets 17. The pallet 17 is installed on the floor. After self-unloading, the machine moves forward, leaving the pallet 17 with the anodes 31 in the electrolysis housing. Then the process is repeated.

The difference from the analogue in the technical solution is the use in the design of the machine:

- two longitudinal bars for lifting pallets with hydraulic cylinders due to a system of two-arm levers with locks on each two-arm lever for aligning the pallet in the longitudinal direction during lifting and fixing during transportation;

- special stops equipped with bumpers made of elastic material for rigidly holding each cover leaf in the open and closed positions;

- strips of elastic material covering the entire length of the outer edges of the wings and sealing the gaps between the edges of the doors in the closed position, along the outer edges of the doors at the top, along the end and along the bottom of the shelter.

Thus, ensuring the safety of transported anodes placed inside the U-shaped shock-resistant frame from mechanical impact is achieved by fixing them from displacement during transportation.

Additionally, a safe rigid, without backlash and shock, the condition of the shelter doors during self-loading, self-unloading and transportation is ensured by resting the doors in the open and closed position on special stops equipped with bumpers made of elastic material.

In addition, protection against the impact of precipitation on the carbon blocks of the anodes is additionally provided by sealing the edges of the flaps of the moisture-resistant shelter in the closed position by installing strips of elastic material along the outer edges of the shelter flaps.

The positive results of the prototype machine made according to the claims of the invention are confirmed by theoretical calculations and production tests carried out in the electrolysis chambers of an aluminum plant.

Claims (6)

1. Machine for transporting anode pallets, made in the form of an articulated structure in the form of a single-axle tractor (1) with a cab (2) and a motor unit (3) in the front and a trailer (5) with a U-shaped frame open at the rear ( 6) on balancing carts (7) with a pallet lifting mechanism (8) in the form of longitudinal bars (10) powered by hydraulic cylinders (9) and a folding shelter (12) powered by hydraulic cylinders (11), characterized in that made with the possibility lifting and lowering the pallet (17) by longitudinal bars (10) by means of a system of two-arm levers (13), the middle axis (14) of each of which is hinged to the trailer frame (6), the extreme axis (15) is hinged to the hydraulic cylinder (9), hinged on the trailer frame (6) from the other end, the opposite end of the lever (13) is rigidly connected to the beam (10), which is a support for the pallet (17), and to hold the pallet (17) in the longitudinal direction and fix it during transportation on each the lever (13) is equipped with locks (18). 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that to hold each leaf of the folding shelter (12) in the open position, stops (24) equipped with bumpers (25) are installed on the trailer frame (6). 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that to hold each leaf of the folded shelter (12) in the closed position, stops (26) equipped with bumpers (27) are installed on the folds of the shelter (12). 4. Machine according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the bumpers (25, 27) are made of elastic material. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the pallet (17) has a hole (19) for the latch (18). 6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that to seal the edges of the shelter flaps (12) in the closed position, strips of elastic material (28, 29, 30) are installed along the outer edges of the shelter flaps (12).

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