RU2767121C1 - Flow-through boiler for pulsating combustion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of heating, in particular to fluid medium heaters, in which combustion occurs in a pulsed mode due to acoustic resonance in the gas mass, and can be used to heat carriers with various combustible gases, for example, in the oil refining industry. The flow-through boiler of pulsating combustion contains a vertically oriented cylindrical body and a cover made of heat-insulating material, connected by flanges. Axially placed in the body are a reservoir for the coolant with supply and outlet pipes to the consumer and a pulsating combustion furnace with resonator pipes for heating the coolant, mounted with ends in the tube plate of the container, communicating with a flue gas collector made with a conical bottom, and under the cover there is an air chamber with a valve-mixing device that includes a fan for blowing air into the receiver with check valves, a mixing chamber with a branch pipe for supplying combustible gas to the receiver with a check valve, located at the level of the combustible gas metering holes. At the outlet of the mixing chamber, a spark plug, a deflector and a resonating shell are installed, forming with the vessel wall a channel for removing flue gases from the collector to the exhaust pipe with a resonator and a reactive noise muffler. The shell forms with the boiler body an annular channel for supplying air to the air chamber from the atmospheric air intake pipe connected to the lower part of the body. The body and the shell are connected by their lower ends with a flange, to which a cone-shaped bottom of the collector with a technological hatch is connected, equipped with a plug at the bottom with the possibility of removing flue gas condensate. The shell is equipped with radially oriented longitudinal plates to intensify the heating of the air coming from the atmospheric air supply pipe through the annular channel to the valve-mixing device.

EFFECT: invention provides the possibility of using various combustible gases and increasing the efficiency due to heating the air supplied to the combustion chamber.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heating, in particular to fluid medium heaters, in which fuel combustion occurs in a pulsed mode due to acoustic resonance in the gas mass, and can be used to heat coolants with various combustible gases, for example, in the oil refining industry.

Known system of pulsating combustion, containing a combustion chamber, a container for a heated coolant, a device for supplying fuel, air supply, output of combustion products, as well as a mixing device, two receivers, two check valves, a deflector and a purge and combustion control device with two sensors, as well as in the implementation of the system devices (Patent RU 2175422 C1. Pulsating combustion system. - IPC F23C 11/04. - Published on 10/27/2001).

A valve-mixing device for a pulsed combustion boiler is known, containing a gaseous fuel combustion chamber with a cylindrical cavity, a closed end wall with a through hole on one side and open on the other, an ignition device installed in the cavity of the combustion chamber, fuel and air supply devices equipped with receivers with check valves, a mixing device with metering holes communicating with the combustion chamber through a through hole in the end wall, a deflector for changing the direction of gaseous fuel flows, installed at a distance from the closed end of the combustion chamber, which determines the size of the annular channel for the exit of the gas-air mixture from the mixing device to the combustion chamber . The dosing holes in the wall of the mixing device chamber are made with a chordal direction of the gas flow swirling in the cylindrical chamber of the mixing device. (Patent RU 2560854 C2. Valve-mixing device for a pulsed combustion boiler. - IPC: F23C 15/00. - Published on 20.08.2015).

Known pulsating combustion furnace containing a combustion chamber with an ignition device for ignition, limited by side walls, an open end on one side and a closed end on the other side, a mixing device communicating with the combustion chamber through a fuel-air mixture supply channel, air and fuel supply pipelines with metering holes and check valves, and the mixing device is placed in the continuation of the air supply pipeline by pairing it with the fuel supply pipeline at the level of the metering holes made in the continuation of the air supply pipeline. The channel for supplying the fuel-air mixture from the mixing device to the combustion chamber is connected to a hole made in the closed end of the combustion chamber, while the longitudinal axis of the channel for supplying the fuel-air mixture is located at an angle to the plane of the closed end of the combustion chamber and crosses the surface of the side wall of the combustion chamber ( Patent RU 2549278 C1. Pulsating combustion furnace - IPC F23C 15/00 - Published 04/27/2015).

Known heat generator of pulsating combustion, containing an outer casing, a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices mounted on the inner casing; in the inner casing there are connected to each other the first and second containers for the coolant, equipped with nozzles for inlet and outlet of the coolant, respectively, a nozzle for the removal of combustion products; the combustion chamber is formed by the inner wall of the second coolant tank, the first coolant tank is installed on top of the second coolant tank; an ignition device and a deflector are installed in the mixing device or in the combustion chamber. The air supply device contains a fan and a receiver with a check valve (Patent RU 73447 U1. Pulsating combustion heat generator (options). - IPC F23C 3/00. - Published on May 20, 2008).

Known pulsating combustion boiler containing a combustion chamber made in the form of a cylindrical cavity with a closed end and an open end, in which at least one hole is made for the removal of combustion products, a container for a heated coolant, an ignition device with a spark plug installed in the combustion chamber , as well as a mixing device, a deflector. The mixing device is connected through the first and second check valves, and the receivers to the fuel and air supply devices, respectively, and the deflector is located in the combustion chamber with the formation of an annular slot with the cavity of the mixing device. The device for removing combustion products is connected to the open end of the combustion chamber by means of at least one coil located in the cavity of the container for the heated coolant. The ignition device is made removable in the form of a flange with a central hole and studs placed on the opposite, relative to the combustion chamber, end of the mixing device, at the ends of which a deflector with a spark plug is fixed, the electrodes of which are located on the side of the combustion chamber. The ignition device is equipped with an air-fuel mixture turbulator made in the form of an impeller located in the cavity of the mixing device from the side of the deflector. The air check valve is located on the side of the flange opposite the deflector. The device for removing combustion products can also be connected to the open end of the combustion chamber by means of curved pipes located in the cavity of the container for the heated coolant, the spark plug can be located in the cavity of the mixing device, and the ignition device can be equipped with an ignition unit, including a fuel supply tube directed towards the spark plug (Patent RU 2293253 C1. Pulsating combustion boiler (options). - IPC F23C 15/00, F24H 1/08. - Published on February 10, 2007).

Known pulsating combustion boiler containing a pre-mixing chamber for obtaining a gas mixture of an oxidizer with fuel, a valve gate at the outlet of the pre-mixing chamber, equipped with an inlet pipeline and a flame stabilizer in the form of a vertical cylindrical part, expanding at the lower end in the form of a bell, a combustion chamber at the outlet intake piping, including an ignition chamber and an expansion chamber continuing the ignition chamber, while the combustion chamber is limited by the first metal wall, the ignition chamber covers the flame stabilizer and is limited by the second metal wall, coaxial with the first wall, one or more cutouts (Patent RU 2419027 C1. Pulsating combustion boiler. - IPC F22B 1/26. - Published on May 20, 2011).

Known heat generator of pulsating combustion, containing a combustion chamber with a valve-mixing device and resonator pipes, and the combustion chamber with resonator pipes is placed in a jacket with a coolant, forming a heat exchanger, and an exhaust pipe consisting of an additional resonating device as part of a cylindrical chamber and a resonator in in the form of a pipe with a length equal to 10 ... 12 pipe diameters, and a reactive noise silencer. The cylindrical chamber of the additional resonating device is made coaxial with respect to the heat exchanger and communicates from below with the resonator pipes through the end cavity formed by the flange and the bottom of the heat exchanger, and from above - with the resonator of the additional resonating device through a branch pipe, while the volume of the cylindrical chamber of the additional resonating device is 50 ... 200% from the total volume of the combustion chamber with resonator pipes, and coaxially relative to the cylindrical chamber of the additional resonating device, a jacket for the coolant is made, formed from the shell, lower and upper flanges, communicated through, for example, a pipe with a heat exchanger jacket (Patent RU 2702059 C1. Pulsating combustion heat generator . - IPC F23C 15/00. - Published 03.10.2019). This device is selected as a prototype.

The main disadvantage of the known flow-through boilers of pulsating combustion is the low efficiency and the impossibility of using various combustible gases.

The main task to be solved by the claimed invention is the possibility of using various combustible gases and increasing the efficiency by heating the air supplied to the combustion chamber.

The technical result is the possibility of using various combustible gases and increasing the efficiency due to heating the air supplied to the combustion chamber.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in a well-known flow-through boiler of pulsating combustion, containing a vertically oriented body with a lid, connected by flanges, a container axially located in the body with nozzles for inlet and outlet of the coolant, in which a pulsating combustion furnace with resonator pipes for heating the coolant is installed , with ends mounted in the tube plate of the tank and communicating with the flue gas collector located below the tube plate, a coaxially mounted resonant shell, forming with the tank wall a channel for the removal of flue gases from the collector to the exhaust pipe, an air chamber located under the cover, in which the boost fan is located air into the valve-mixing device, which includes a combustible gas receiver with a check valve, a mixing chamber with metering holes and a combustible gas supply pipe with a check valve at the inlet, and a spark plug and a deflector are installed at the outlet, an exhaust a pipe with a resonator of a reactive noise suppressor through a flue gas outlet connected to the upper part of the shell, and an atmospheric air intake pipe, according to the proposed technical solution, the combustible gas receiver is located around the mixing chamber at the level of the metering holes, and the resonant shell forms with the body an annular channel for supplying air to the air chamber from an atmospheric air intake pipe with the possibility of heating, attached to the lower part of the housing, while the lower ends of the housing and shells are connected by flanges, to which a collector is attached, made with a cone-shaped bottom and a technological hatch with a plug to remove condensate from flue gases;

radially oriented longitudinal plates are fixed on the shell to intensify the heating of the air entering through the annular channel;

body and cover are made of heat-insulating material;

it is located by the lower flange of the body on a platform mounted on legs.

The analysis of the prior art provided by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogues characterized by a set of features identical to all the features of the claimed pulsating combustion flow boiler. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "novelty".

The results of the search for known solutions in this field of technology in order to identify features that match the features of the proposed technical solution that are distinctive from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the level of technology determined by the applicant, the influence of the transformation provided for by the essential features of the claimed technical solution on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed flow-through boiler of pulsating combustion can be used to heat the coolant in heating systems and other types of life. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

In FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the inventive flow-through boiler of pulsating combustion; in fig. 2 - the same, section A-A in Fig. one.

The flow-through boiler of pulsating combustion contains a vertically oriented cylindrical body 1 with a cover 2, made of heat-insulating material, interconnected by upper 3 and lower 4 flanges, respectively. In the body 1, a container 5 is axially installed with nozzles for supplying 6 cold and outlet 7 of the heated coolant to the consumer, in which there is a furnace 8 for pulsating combustion of the gas-air mixture and resonator pipes 9 for heating the coolant, mounted at the ends into the tube plate 10 of the container 5, communicating with the collector 11 flue gases from the combustion of the gas-air mixture, made with a cone-shaped bottom 12. Under the cover 2, an air chamber 13 is formed, in which a valve-mixing device is placed, including a fan 14 for blowing air into the receiver 15 with check valves 16 and a branch pipe 17 for supplying combustible gas to the receiver 18 with a check valve 19, a mixing chamber 20 with metering holes 21 for the metered inlet of combustible gas into the mixing chamber 20, at the outlet of which a glow plug 22 and a deflector 23 are installed, a resonating shell 24 coaxially installed in the housing 1, and an exhaust pipe 25 with resonator 26 and reactive noise suppressor 27 h Through a branch pipe 28 attached to the upper part of the shell 24 for the removal of flue gases. (Fig. 1). The resonating shell 24 forms with the wall 29 of the container 5 a channel 30 for removing flue gases from the collector 11 into the pipe 28 of the exhaust pipe 25, and with the body 1 - an annular channel 31 for supplying air to the air chamber 13 from the pipe 32 of the atmospheric air intake connected to the lower part of the body 1. with the possibility of heating air when it is supplied to the air chamber 13 and the receiver 15 of the mixing chamber 20. The body 1 and the resonant shell 24 are connected by lower ends with flanges 4, to which the cone-shaped bottom 12 of the collector 11 is connected with a technological hatch 33. equipped with a plug 34 from below the possibility of removing condensate flowing from the resonator tubes 9 and flue gas outlet channel 30 into the collector 11. This design of the boiler makes it possible to use various combustible gases for heating coolants. Radially oriented longitudinal plates 35 are fixed on the resonating shell 24 to intensify the heating of air in the annular channel 31 coming from the atmospheric air intake pipe 32 through the air chamber 13 into the valve-mixing device, which significantly increases the efficiency of the boiler. (Fig. 2). The boiler is located by the lower flange 5 of the body 1 on the platform 36 mounted on the legs 37. For this reason, the lower flange 4 of the body 1 protrudes from the periphery of the flange of the manifold 11.

Flow boiler pulsating combustion works as follows.

Before ignition of the boiler for 15-60 seconds, the fan 14 is turned on, with the help of which, during this time, from the air chamber 13 through the air receiver 15 and the mixing chamber 20, the furnace 8 of pulsating combustion and the resonator pipes 9 are purged with a discharge to the outside through the collector 11, the annular channel 30 flue gas outlet and branch pipe 28 of the exhaust pipe 25 with a resonator 26 and a reactive noise silencer 27. After that, the container 5 is filled with coolant through the pipe 6 for supplying cold coolant. Then, a supply voltage is applied to the glow plug 22 and after 0.5-1 sec, the air supply is opened through the atmospheric air intake pipe 32 and the annular channel 31 into the air chamber 13 and combustible gas through the pipe 17 into the valve-mixing device. The gas passes through the check valve 19 into the receiver 18, then through the dosing holes 21 into the mixing chamber 20, where it is mixed with the air supplied by the fan 14 from the air chamber 13 through the receiver 15, providing an average value of excess air ranging from 1 .1 to 1.6. In this case, an air vacuum is created in the air chamber 13, to replenish which atmospheric air is freely sucked through the pipe 32 and the annular channel 31 into the air chamber 13. swirl caused by the deflector 23 enters the furnace 8 pulsating combustion. In this case, the first flash of the gas-air mixture leads to a short-term increase in pressure in the pulsating combustion furnace 8 and to the appearance of acoustic waves in it, which is an acoustic resonance. In this case, the check valves 16 and 19 operate automatically as pulsating valves and close when the pressure in the pulsating combustion furnace 8 exceeds the pressure in the receivers 15 and 18, respectively, which stops the flow of gas and air into the mixing chamber 20, and, accordingly, the gas-air mixture into the furnace 8 of pulsating combustion, and vice versa. At the same time, flue gases from the combustion of the gas-air mixture under the action of excess pressure are discharged from the furnace 8 of pulsating combustion through the resonator pipes 9, heating the coolant with the walls, into the collector 11, then into the channel 30, simultaneously heating the incoming atmospheric air through the annular channel 31, and through the branch pipe 28 and exhaust pipe 25 to the environment. After a certain time, approximately (25-30) msec, the pressure in the furnace 8 of pulsating combustion periodically decreases and the valves 16 and 19 open, letting in the next portion of combustible gas from the nozzle 17 and air from the air chamber 13, and then the cycle repeats. Thus, the pulsating combustion boiler is launched with access to the minimum power mode and an oscillatory process of pulsating combustion of the gas-air mixture with a frequency of (35-40) Hz is established, causing resonance: in the boiler, with the output of the heated coolant to the consumer through the branch pipe 7 of the outlet.

With the stabilization of pulsating combustion, further air pressurization with fan 14 and ignition of the gas-air mixture with glow plug 22 are not required, and these devices are turned off. At the same time, the suction of heated air into the receiver 15 from the air chamber 13 through the check valves 16 and combustible gas into the receiver 18 through the check valve 19 and the metering holes 21 occurs automatically due to periodic rarefaction waves in the furnace 8 of pulsating combustion, and the ignition of each 8 entering the furnace pulsating combustion of the next portion of the gas-air mixture is produced by the residual flame from the previous combustion period, which is present in the swirl zone behind the deflector 23. The annular channel 31, especially with the radially oriented longitudinal plates 35 placed in it on the resonant shell 24 around the tank 5, provides air heating when it is supplied into the valve-mixing device, which significantly increases the efficiency of the boiler. Stable pulsating combustion is achieved by the resonance of the wall of the pulsating combustion furnace 8 and the resonator pipes 9 associated with it, as well as the resonating shell 24 and the reactive noise suppressor 27 on the exhaust pipe 25, which ensures complete combustion of the gas-air mixture. The process of pulsating combustion continues until the gas supply to the boiler is turned off.

To repair and maintain the valve-mixing device of the flow boiler, the flanges 3 are unfastened and the cover 2 is removed from the body 1. When servicing the lower part of the boiler, the plug 34 is removed from the technological hatch 33, through which condensate and other deposits from the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the pulsating furnace 8 are removed. combustion, pipes-resonators 9 and the annular channel 31 flue gases. The presence of a technological hatch 33 with a plug 34 reduces the cost of servicing the boiler.

Claims (4)

1. A flow-through pulsating combustion boiler containing a vertically oriented body with a lid connected by flanges, a container axially located in the body with heat carrier inlet and outlet pipes, in which a pulsating combustion furnace with resonator tubes for heating the coolant is installed, the ends are mounted in the tube plate of the container and communicating with the flue gas collector located below the tube plate, a coaxially mounted resonating shell, forming with the vessel wall a flue gas outlet channel from the collector to the exhaust pipe branch pipe, an air chamber located under the cover, in which there is a fan for blowing air into the valve-mixing device, including a combustible gas receiver with a check valve, a mixing chamber with metering holes and a combustible gas supply pipe with a check valve at the inlet, and a glow plug and a deflector are installed at the outlet, an exhaust pipe with a resonator of a reactive noise silencer through a flue gas pipes connected to the upper part of the shell, and an atmospheric air intake pipe, characterized in that the combustible gas receiver is located around the mixing chamber at the level of the metering holes, and the resonating shell forms an annular channel for supplying air into the air chamber from the intake pipe with the body atmospheric air with the possibility of heating, attached to the lower part of the housing, while the lower ends of the housing and the shell are connected by flanges, to which a collector is attached, made with a cone-shaped bottom and a technological hatch with a plug for removing condensate from flue gases. 2. The flow boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that radially oriented longitudinal plates are fixed on the shell to intensify the heating of the air entering through the annular channel. 3. A flow boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the body and cover are made of heat-insulating material. 4. The flow boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located by the lower flange of the body on a platform mounted on legs.

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