RU73447U1 - PULSING COMBUSTION HEAT GENERATOR (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of energy and can be used to generate heat in all sectors: industry, services, agriculture, defense, research.

The technical task is to increase the manufacturability of manufacturing, increase the ease of use, repair, increase the life of the heat generator and reduce emissions of harmful substances.

The pulsating combustion heat generator comprises an external casing, a mixing device connected to the fuel and air supply devices mounted on the end part of the cylindrical inner casing. In the inner case there are: first and second tanks for coolant connected to each other, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, respectively, a pipe for the removal of combustion products. Two or more heat generating units: primary and secondary, can be placed in one external and internal case.

In another embodiment of a pulsating combustion heat generator, the mixing device communicates with a combustion chamber located in an inner housing formed by a shell or peripheral channel and channels for the coolant. The open end of the combustion chamber is connected by a peripheral channel to the inner casing. In the inner case there are channels for the coolant, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, bordering the combustion chamber and / or with the peripheral channel.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of energy and can be used to generate heat in all sectors: industry, services, agriculture, defense, research.

Known boiler according to patent RU2293253, containing a combustion chamber made in the form of a cylindrical cavity with a closed end and an open end, a container for a heated coolant, an ignition device with a spark plug installed in the combustion chamber, and also a mixing device, a deflector. The device for removing combustion products is connected with the open end of the combustion chamber by means of at least one coil located in the cavity of the container for the heated coolant. The invention provides a simplification of the design of boilers, reducing the dimensions and mass per unit of heat output, increasing efficiency, reducing the level of emission of harmful substances during operation and reducing the cost of removal of combustion products. Its disadvantage is the low manufacturability, low maintainability.

Known pulsating combustion system according to patent RU2175422, selected as a prototype, containing a combustion chamber, a container for a heated coolant, a device for supplying fuel, air inlet, outlet of combustion products, as well as a mixing device, two receivers, two check valves, a deflector and a purge control device and combustion with two sensors, as well as in the execution of system devices. The proposed system provides pulsating combustion stability, high efficiency and completeness of fuel combustion with a low concentration of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases. In addition, this system is distinguished by low material consumption and a significant reduction in the dimensions of the structure. Its disadvantages are low manufacturability, inaccessibility of components and components complicates the operation and repair of equipment.

The technical task is to increase the manufacturability of manufacturing, increase the ease of use, repair, increase the life of the heat generator and reduce emissions of harmful substances.

The technical result is achieved in a pulsating combustion heat generator containing an external housing, a mixing device connected to the fuel and air supply devices mounted on the end part of the cylindrical inner housing. In the inner case there are: first and second tanks for coolant connected to each other, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, respectively, a pipe for the removal of combustion products. Camera

the combustion is formed by the inner wall of the second tank for the coolant, the first tank for the coolant is installed on top of the second tank for the coolant, a firing device and a deflector are installed in the mixing device or in the combustion chamber. The air supply device includes a fan and a receiver with a check valve, the fuel supply device contains a receiver with a check valve. The first and / or second tank for the coolant is equipped with a jumper, made in the form of a spiral, and connected through a common collector. The second tank for the coolant can be made in the form of a coil. In the inner housing is made, with the possibility of adjustment, at least one hole in communication with the inner cavity of the outer housing. The heat generator is made vertically oriented, with the location of the mixing device, fuel and air supply devices under the inner case, while the supply and exhaust pipes of the coolant, the pipe for the removal of combustion products, and the pipe for supplying fuel are located in the upper end part of the outer case. A technological hatch is made in the lower part of the outer casing. The heat generator contains at least one condensate tube. Two or more heat generating units: primary and secondary, can be placed in one external and internal case. The main heat generating unit comprises a mixing device with fuel and air supply devices, a first and second capacity for a heat carrier with a supply pipe and a heat transfer pipe, respectively, an ignition device and a deflector. The main heat generating unit is connected by the ignition channel to a secondary heat generating unit containing a mixing device with fuel and air supply devices, a first and second tank for a heat carrier with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, respectively, a deflector.

In another embodiment of a pulsating combustion heat generator, the mixing device communicates with a combustion chamber located in an inner housing formed by a shell or peripheral channel and channels for the coolant. The open end of the combustion chamber is connected by a peripheral channel to the inner casing. In the inner case there are channels for the coolant, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, bordering the combustion chamber and / or with the peripheral channel. Two or more heat generating units: primary and secondary, can be placed in one external and internal case. The main heat generating unit comprises a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices in communication with the combustion chamber, a peripheral channel, coolant channels provided with a supply pipe and a coolant discharge pipe, an ignition device and a deflector. Main heat generating unit

connected to the ignition channel with a secondary heat generating unit, including a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices, in communication with the combustion chamber, a peripheral channel, coolant channels equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, a deflector.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings: figure 1 - diagram of a heat generator; figure 2 - heat generator with a coil; figure 3 - heat generator, top view; figure 4 - the main and secondary heat generating units in one outer and inner case; 5-7 - options for a heat generator with a peripheral channel and channels for the coolant.

The pulsating combustion heat generator (FIG. 1) comprises an outer casing 1, equipped with a pipe 32 for intake of combustion air, a mixing device 2 mounted on an inner casing 3 having a cylindrical shape. In the inner case 3 there are: a first container 8 and a second tank 9 for heat transfer medium connected to each other, equipped with a supply pipe 10 and a heat transfer pipe 11, respectively, a pipe 12 for exhausting combustion products.

The combustion chamber 4 is formed by the inner wall 13 of the second tank 9 for the coolant. The first tank 8 for the coolant, made in the form of a cylindrical glass with double walls (or coil), is installed on top of the second tank 9 coaxially. The inner wall 33 of the first tank 8 and the outer wall 34 of the second tank 9 form an annular channel with an open end 5 to remove combustion products from the combustion chamber 4.

A mixing device 2 (carburetor) is installed on the end part 22 of the inner case 3 and consists of an inductive (air) pipe 14 through which combustion air enters with gas supply openings connected to an air supply device consisting of a fan 29 and a receiver 15 s a membrane check valve 16 (flat or cylindrical in shape) and with a fuel supply device consisting of a receiver 17 with a membrane check valve 18. A fuel supply device is connected to a fuel supply pipe 19. The inductive pipe 14 communicates with the combustion chamber 4. In the inductive pipe 14 or at its outlet, in the combustion chamber 4, an ignition device 6 (for example, a spark plug or ignition electrode) and a deflector 7 installed with a gap for efficient mixing of the gas-air mixture are installed entering the combustion chamber 4.

In figure 2, the second tank 9 for the coolant is made in the form of a coil 20 (the second tank 9 can be made in the form of a cylindrical glass with double walls). The coil 20 to improve the ease of assembly and operation is installed on the collector 30, connected by nozzles 27 to the first tank 8 for the coolant.

The collector 30 is equipped with a drain pipe 31 (figure 1) for draining the coolant. The first tank 8 for the coolant is equipped with a jumper 21, made in the form of a spiral mounted between the double walls.

At least one hole 23 is made in the inner casing 3, communicating with the inner cavity of the outer casing 1. In Fig. 2, the hole 23 is provided with a cap 28 for adjusting the recirculation of the combustion products.

The heat generator is vertically oriented (figure 2) with the location of the removable mixing device 2 and the fuel and air supply devices under the inner case 3, while the inlet and outlet pipes of the coolant 10, 11, the pipe 12 for exhausting the combustion products, the pipe 19 for the fuel supply in the upper end part 24 of the outer casing 1 (Fig.3). A technological (service) hatch 25 is made in the lower part of the outer casing 1. The heat generator is equipped with a condensate tube 26, through which condensate formed on the walls of the tanks for the coolant is discharged outside the outer casing 1. Through the drain pipe 31, the collector 30 is released from the coolant with the output it outside the outer casing 1.

Figure 4 in one of the outer casing 1 and the inner casing 3 placed the main 39 and secondary 40 heat generating units. The main heat generating unit 39 contains: a mixing device 2 with fuel and air supply devices, a first and second capacity 8, 9 for a heat carrier with a supply pipe 10 and a heat transfer pipe 11, respectively, an ignition device 6 and a deflector 7. The combustion chamber of the main heat generating unit 39 is connected with a combustion chamber of the secondary heat generating unit 40 by the ignition channel 38. The secondary heat generating unit 40 differs from the main heat generating unit 39 in the absence of an ignition device 6, in addition, a fan 29 may be absent therein.

Figure 5-7 shows the options of the pulsating combustion heat generator, in which the combustion chamber is formed by the shell 35 (figure 5, 6) or peripheral channel 36 and channels 37 for the coolant (figure 7, the peripheral channel consists of several separate channels). The open end of the combustion chamber 4 is connected by a peripheral channel 36 with the cavity of the inner housing 3, which communicates with the pipe 12 for removal of combustion products. In the inner casing 3 there are placed channels 37 for the coolant, equipped with a supply pipe 10 and a coolant outlet pipe 11, adjacent to the combustion chamber 4 and / or with the peripheral channel 36.

Two or more heat-generating units can be placed in one outer 1 and inner 3 case: primary and secondary (not shown in the figures, similarly to the first embodiment of the utility model shown in FIG. 4). The main heat generating unit contains a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices, in communication with the combustion chamber 4, peripheral channel 36, coolant channels 37, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, an ignition device and a deflector. The main heat generating unit is connected by the ignition channel to the secondary heat generating unit. The secondary heat generating unit differs from the main heat generating unit in the absence of an ignition device, in addition, a fan may be absent in it.

The heat generator operates as follows.

An ignition device 6 is used for primary ignition. Inductive pipe 14, combustion chamber 4, together with the cavity between the outer wall 34 of the second tank 9 and the inner wall 33 of the first coolant tank 8 form an acoustic resonator. Fuel and air enter the combustion chamber 4. When the fuel-air mixture is ignited, the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 exceeds the pressure in the receivers 15 and 17. In this case, the further flow of fuel and air into the combustion chamber 4 is suspended due to the closing of the check valves 16 and 18 .

Flue gases from the Central part of the combustion chamber 4 pass along a cylindrical cavity formed by the outer wall 34 of the second tank 9 and the inner wall 33 of the first tank 8 for the coolant, enter the cavity between the first tank 8 for the coolant and the inner casing 3 and then through the smoke channel into the pipe 12 for the removal of combustion products. A fan 29 is used to purge the combustion chamber 4. Periodically (for example, with a period of about 25 m / s), the pressure in the combustion chamber 4 decreases and the check valves 16, 18 open, letting in another batch of gas and air. The cycle repeats. A periodic (oscillatory) process is established with a frequency of more than 45 Hz.

For more efficient operation of the heat generator in the inner casing 3, the adjustable hole (s) 23 are made (figure 2 shows one such hole). Part of the hot flue gas, with a low oxygen content, passing through the openings 23, is mixed with new portions of air entering the receiver 15. Thus, it becomes possible to regulate the combustion process by changing the oxygen content in the fuel-air mixture. In addition, by adjusting the opening 23, it is possible to reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases by lowering the coefficient of excess air.

After establishing the process of pulsating combustion, the fan 29 and the ignition device 6 are turned off. Air absorption occurs due to periodic half-waves of rarefaction, and re-ignition of fresh portions of the air-gas mixture is carried out by the residual flame, which is constantly present in the swirl zone (at the end of the deflector 7). Pulsed combustion can occur for an unlimited time until the supply of fuel gas is shut off.

The movement of the coolant at high speed along the coil 20, as well as along the spiral, narrow channel of the first tank 8 (limited by the turns of the jumper 21), prevents sedimentation and accumulation of suspensions and mechanical impurities contained in the coolant.

The implementation of the heat generator is vertically oriented, with the location of the removable mixing device 2 and the fuel and air supply devices under the inner case 3, and pipes 10, 11, pipe 12 for exhausting combustion products, pipe 32 for air intake, pipe 19 for supplying fuel in the upper end part 24 external housing 1, reduces the overall dimensions of the heat generator and the space required for its installation. Access to the nodes is carried out through the process hatch 25. Drain the coolant from the tanks, remove sediment, mechanical impurities accumulated in the collector 30, can be carried out through the drain pipe 31.

The implementation of the first and second containers 8, 9 for the coolant in the form of: a glass with double walls and a coil 20 inserted into it, forming a combustion chamber 4, placement of a removable mixing device 2 on the outer surface of the inner housing 3 allows to achieve modular design, which simplifies operation and repair heat generator.

The layout of the elements of a vertically oriented heat generator allows you to place them within a compact external building 1, which, in turn, allows you to install the heat generator both in an open area (outdoor without a gas hazardous room) and in a boiler room (with a gas hazardous room).

This arrangement allows you to assemble in a single module two or more less powerful heat generating units in one more powerful heat generator with one external casing 1 (Fig.4) and their inclusion in a single system for supplying coolant, fuel and exhaust gases. At the same time, at the beginning of the work, a mixture of fuel gas and air is supplied to the combustion chamber 4 of the main heat generating unit 39 and ignition is performed using the ignition device 6. When fuel gas is supplied to the secondary heat generating units, they are ignited through the ignition channel 38. Inclusion in

the operation of the secondary heat generating units and their shutdown is carried out sequentially or in parallel.

In the embodiment of the heat generator (Figs. 5-7), which differs from the design of the combustion chamber described above, in the shape and arrangement of the channels for flue gases and for the coolant, the flue gases enter the peripheral channel 36 through the open end of the combustion chamber 4, along which they pass along the combustion chamber 4 in the opposite direction, and through the holes enter the cavity of the inner housing 3 and then into the pipe 12 for the removal of combustion products. The coolant moves along the channels 37 for the coolant, made in the form of tubes (Fig.5-6) or in the form of tanks, the walls of which form a combustion chamber 4 (Fig.7). In this embodiment, the ignition of the primary and secondary heat generating units is carried out similarly to the first embodiment of the utility model.

The heat generators of the described design are boiler units with a thermal power of 0.03 to 1.20 MW or more with a working fluid pressure of up to 1.0 MPa and a maximum outlet temperature of up to 115 C and higher, operating on low-pressure natural gas, and associated petroleum or liquefied gases, biogas.

Claims (24)

1. A pulsating combustion heat generator comprising an external housing, a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices mounted on the internal housing; in the inner case there are placed first and second tanks for coolant connected to each other, equipped with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, respectively, a pipe for the removal of combustion products; the combustion chamber is formed by the inner wall of the second tank for the coolant, the first tank for the coolant is installed on top of the second tank for the coolant; an ignition device and a deflector are installed in the mixing device or in the combustion chamber. 2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the second tank for the coolant is made in the form of a coil. 3. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner housing is cylindrical, the mixing device is installed on the end of the inner housing. 4. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply device comprises a fan and a receiver with a check valve, the fuel supply device contains a receiver with a check valve. 5. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and / or second capacity for the coolant is equipped with a jumper made in the form of a spiral. 6. The heat generator according to claim 5, characterized in that the first and second containers for the coolant are connected through a collector. 7. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one hole is made in the inner case, communicating with the inner cavity of the outer case. 8. The heat generator according to claim 7, characterized in that the hole is made with the possibility of adjustment. 9. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is vertically oriented with the location of the mixing device, fuel and air supply devices under the inner case, while the supply and exhaust pipes of the coolant, the pipe for the removal of combustion products, the pipe of fuel supply are located in the upper end part of the outer casing. 10. The heat generator according to claim 9, characterized in that the technological hatch is made in the lower part of the outer casing. 11. The heat generator according to claim 9, characterized in that it contains at least one drain pipe. 12. The heat generator according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a main heat generating unit including a mixing device with fuel and air supply devices, first and second containers for a heat carrier with a supply pipe and a coolant discharge pipe, respectively, an ignition device and a deflector , the main heat-generating unit is connected by the ignition channel to the secondary heat-generating unit, including a mixing device with fuel and air supply devices, the first and second containers for heat transfer spruce with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, respectively, a deflector. 13. The heat generator according to claim 12, characterized in that the main heat generating unit is connected by the ignition channels to two or more secondary heat generating units. 14. A pulsating combustion heat generator, comprising an outer casing, an inner casing with a pipe for exhausting combustion products, a mixing device provided with fuel and air supply devices in communication with a combustion chamber located in the inner casing, an open end of the combustion chamber is connected by a peripheral channel to the inner casing; in the inner case there are channels for the coolant provided with a supply pipe and a coolant drain pipe, channels for the coolant are adjacent to the combustion chamber and / or to the peripheral channel, an ignition device and a deflector are installed in the mixing device or in the combustion chamber. 15. The heat generator according to claim 14, characterized in that the combustion chamber is formed by a shell or peripheral channel and channels for the coolant. 16. The heat generator according to 14, characterized in that the inner housing is cylindrical, the mixing device is installed on the end part of the inner housing. 17. The heat generator according to 14, characterized in that the air supply device comprises a fan and a receiver with a check valve, the fuel supply device contains a receiver with a check valve. 18. The heat generator according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one opening is made in the inner case, communicating with the inner cavity of the outer case. 19. The heat generator according to claim 18, characterized in that the hole is made with the possibility of adjustment. 20. The heat generator according to claim 14, characterized in that it is vertically oriented with the location of the mixing device, fuel and air supply devices under the inner case, while the supply and exhaust pipes of the coolant, the pipe for the removal of combustion products, the pipe of fuel supply are located in the upper end part of the outer casing. 21. The heat generator according to claim 20, characterized in that the technological hatch is made in the lower part of the outer casing. 22. The heat generator according to claim 20, characterized in that it contains at least one drain pipe. 23. A heat generator according to any one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that it comprises a main heat generator unit including a mixing device equipped with fuel and air supply devices in communication with the combustion chamber, a peripheral channel, coolant channels provided with a supply pipe and a discharge pipe heat carrier, igniter and deflector, the main heat generating unit is connected by the ignition channel to the secondary heat generating unit, including a mixing device equipped with fuel supply devices va and air, communicating with the combustion chamber, the peripheral channel, channels for coolant, provided with a pipe inlet and pipe outlet coolant deflector. 24. The heat generator according to claim 23, characterized in that the main heat generating unit is connected by the ignition channels to two or more secondary heat generating units.