RU206434U1 - Solid fuel combustion plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of energy, namely to installations for the combustion of solid fuels, and can be used to heat buildings, structures, premises, etc. The installation contains a housing with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and installed on a foundation, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber, located on the upper part of the housing near one of its ends, a technological hatch with a cover located on the other end of the body in its lower part, a grate installed horizontally inside the body under the access hatch, an air supply pipe located under the grate, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the body under the grate, and a device for removing smoke gases. The inner surface of the body is lined with heat-resistant steel sheets. Rims made of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body, made in the form of arcs mounted on a grate. On the rims across them and along the perimeter of the body surface to the grate, rods made of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap. Outside, along the body, on its upper part, a collector is installed for supplying air to the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods. The device for removing flue gases is made of two pipes located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of its axis and installed from the side of the open ends on vertically located L-shaped pipes, which are made with holes in the upper part, and their open ends are in the lower part connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods. Chimneys are equipped with casings with holes formed from the side of their open ends to their middle. Annular cavities between chimneys and casings are connected to a manifold for air supply. The diameter of the heat-resistant steel rods is ∅10 ÷ 70 mm, and the gap between them has a width S = 0.5 ÷ 5 mm. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of energy, namely to installations for the combustion of solid fuels, and can be used to heat buildings, structures, premises, etc.

Known installation for the combustion of solid fuel, containing a housing with a combustion chamber, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber, located on the upper part of the housing, a grate installed horizontally inside the housing, a pipe for ash removal, installed in the lower part of the housing under the grate , a manifold for supplying air to the combustion chamber and a device for removing flue gases (RF patent No. 2399845, IPC F23B 50/00, 20.09.2010).

However, this solid fuel combustion plant has insufficient operational reliability due to incomplete combustion of solid fuel.

There is also known an installation for the combustion of solid fuel, containing a housing with a combustion chamber made of a steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and installed on a foundation, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber, located on the upper part of the housing near one of the its ends, a service hatch with a cover located on the other end of the body in its lower part, a grate installed horizontally inside the body under a service hatch, an air supply pipe located under the grate, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the body under grate, and a device for removing flue gases, and the inner surface of the body is lined with sheets of heat-resistant steel, rims made of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body, made in the form of arcs installed on the grate, on the rims across them and along the perimeter of the body surface to the grate rigidly st rods made of heat-resistant steel with a gap, outside along the body on its upper part there is a manifold for supplying air to cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, a device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of its axes and installed on the side of the open ends on vertically located L-shaped pipes, which are made with holes in the upper part, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, while the chimneys are equipped with casings with holes formed from the side of the open ends of the chimneys to their middle, and the annular cavities between the chimneys and the casings are connected to a manifold for air supply (RF patent No. 2619434, IPC F23B 10/00, 05/15/2017).

However, this solid fuel combustion plant is characterized by insufficient operational reliability due to incomplete combustion of solid fuel due to the supply of insufficient air to the combustion zone.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to improve the reliability of the installation for the combustion of solid fuel by supplying a sufficient amount of air to the combustion zone.

The technical result achieved by the proposed utility model is to optimize the diameter of the rods, as well as the width of the gap between the rods of the combustion chamber, as a result of which an increase in the completeness of combustion of solid fuel is achieved, which will reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the flue gases.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a solid fuel combustion plant containing a housing with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and mounted on a foundation, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber located on the upper parts of the body near one of its ends, a service hatch with a cover located on the other end of the body in its lower part, a grate installed horizontally inside the body under a service hatch, an air supply pipe located under the grate, a pipe for ash removal installed in the lower part of the body under the grate, and a device for removing flue gases, moreover, the inner surface of the body is lined with sheets of heat-resistant steel, rims made of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body, made in the form of arcs installed on the grate, on the rims across them and along the perimeter of the surface hull to ear rods of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap, a manifold is installed on the outside along the body on its upper part for supplying air to cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, a device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys located horizontally inside the combustion chamber along both sides of its axis and installed on the side of the open ends on vertically located L-shaped pipes, which are made with holes in the upper part, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, while smoke the pipes are equipped with casings with holes formed from the side of the open ends of the chimneys to their middle, the annular cavities between the chimneys and the casings are connected to the manifold for air supply, according to the utility model, the diameter of the heat-resistant steel rods is ∅10 ÷ 70 mm, and the gap between them has a width S = 0.5 ÷ 5 mm.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a mobile solid fuel combustion plant.

FIG. 2 - section A-A of Fig. 1.

The proposed installation for the combustion of solid fuel contains a housing 1 with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and installed on the foundation 2, a hatch 3 with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber, located on the upper part of the housing 1 near one of its ends, a technological hatch 4 with a lid located on the other end of the body 1 in its lower part, a grate 5 installed horizontally inside the body 1 under a technological hatch 4, a pipe 6 for air supply, located under a grate 5, and a pipe 7 for ash removal, installed in the lower part of the housing 1 under the grate 6. The inner surface of the housing 1 is lined with sheets 8 of heat-resistant steel. Rims 9 of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body 1, made in the form of arcs mounted on the grate 5. On the rims 9 across them and along the perimeter of the surface of the body 1 to the grate 5, rods 10 of heat-resistant steel are rigidly laid with a gap. Outside, along the body 1, on its upper part, a collector 11 is installed for supplying air to cavities 12 formed by sheets 8, rims 9 and rods 10. The device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys 13 located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of it axis and installed from the side of open ends on vertically located L-shaped pipes 14. Pipes 14 in the upper part are made with holes 15, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities 12. Pipes 13 are equipped with casings 16 with holes 17 formed from the side of the open ends of the pipes 13 to their middle, and the annular cavities between the pipes 13 and the casings 16 are connected to the manifold 11 for air supply. Pipes 13 from the outside of the housing 1 are combined into one vertically located pipe 18.

The proposed installation for the combustion of solid fuel operates as follows.

Through the loading hatch 3, solid fuel is loaded into the housing 1, after which the hatch cover is hermetically closed. Cold main air enters through the collector 11 in the cavity 12, which reduces the heat intensity of the housing 1. Then, the air through the gaps between the rods 10 along the perimeter of the surface of the housing 1 enters the interior of the latter, where it serves as an oxygen carrier. In addition, the main air through one of the cavities 12 and the open ends enters the L-shaped pipes 14 and then through their openings 15 in the form of jets into the area of the open ends of the exhaust pipes 13 and openings 17 of the casings 16. Solid fuel is ignited using a pilot torch, brought through the technological hatch 4, after which its cover is hermetically closed. In the volume of housing 1, where solid fuel is placed, a low-temperature combustion zone (1st zone) with a temperature of t≈600 ÷ 900 ° C is formed, and hot flue gases, a product of unburned fuel, accumulate in the entire volume of housing 1.

The flue hot gases move from the combustion center (1st zone) towards the reduced pressure (open ends of the exhaust pipes 13), where the main air enters from the holes 15 of the L-shaped pipes 14. At the same time, from the collector 11 through the annular cavities between the pipes 13 and the casings 16 and the openings 17 of the casings 16 in the form of jets into the inside of the housing 1 additional air enters. The movement of additional air is directed against the flow of hot flue gases, due to which it gradually warms up. In the process of movement, hot flue gases are mixed with the heated main and additional air flowing out of the holes 15 and 17, as a result of which they burn out. As a result, the temperature of hot gases is constantly increasing, a second zone of combustion of solid fuels with a temperature of 1500 ÷ 1700 ° C is formed. The flame is stabilized on jets of air flowing out of holes 15 and 17. Complete combustion of the combustible mixture occurs throughout the volume of the housing 1, where the main air is supplied through the gaps between the rods 10.

The casings 16 protect the exhaust pipes 13 from overheating due to the supply of additional air from the manifold 11. In this case, the temperature of the flue gases to the outlets from the pipes 13 decreases, as a result of which flue gases with a low temperature are emitted through the pipe 18 into the atmosphere. The energy released during the combustion of solid fuel remains in the 2nd combustion zone, which increases the combustion temperature. An increase in temperature, in turn, leads to complete combustion of fuel and a decrease in the toxicity of harmful substances in flue gases.

Thus, inside the housing 1 there is a two-zone and two-stage combustion of solid fuel with heat recovery in the exhaust pipes 13, the formation of a combustible gas with a solid fuel combustion temperature in the 1st zone within t≈600 ÷ 900 ° C and an increase in the process temperature in 2- th zone to a level of 1500 ÷ 1700 ° C, which allows to drastically reduce the formation of dioxins, since the appearance of aromatic compounds (precursors of dioxins) in the flue gases is suppressed and a low content of dust particles (catalysts for the formation of dioxins in flue gases) is provided.

The resulting ash falls through the grate 5 to the bottom of the housing 1, from where it is blown out by air entering through the pipe 6, and is removed through the pipe 7.

If the diameter of the rods is less than ∅10 mm, due to the high temperature of the gases in the combustion chamber, the rods will overheat and they will lose stability.

When the diameter of the rods is more than ∅70 mm, the number of gaps (slots) formed between them will decrease, as a result of which an insufficient amount of air will enter the combustion chamber to organize the normal combustion of solid fuel.

For better air access to the 1st zone of solid fuel combustion, it is necessary that the air stream be strong enough. This is ensured by the fact that the width of the gap formed between the rods of the combustion chamber should be within S = 0.5 ÷ 5 mm.

When the width of the gap S formed between the rods is less than S <0.5 mm, it will be difficult for air to enter the combustion chamber due to clogging of the gap (slot) formed between the rods by the products of unburned fuel, and with a gap of more than 5 mm, the air stream will be weak the gap (gap) is too wide and the air jet will not reach the combustion zone.

The use of the proposed utility model will improve the reliability of the installation for solid fuel combustion by supplying a sufficient amount of air to the combustion zone by optimizing the width of the gap between the rods of the combustion chamber, which will ultimately reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the flue gases.

Claims (1)

Installation for solid fuel combustion, containing a housing with a combustion chamber made of steel sheet in the form of a horizontal cylinder with blind ends and installed on a foundation, a hatch with a cover for loading solid fuel into the combustion chamber, located on the upper part of the housing near one of its ends , a service hatch with a cover located on the other end of the body in its lower part, a grate installed horizontally inside the body under the access hatch, an air supply pipe located under the grate, an ash removal pipe installed in the lower part of the body under the grate, and a device for removing flue gases, and the inner surface of the body is lined with sheets of heat-resistant steel, rims made of heat-resistant steel are laid across the body, made in the form of arcs mounted on the grate, on the rims across them and along the perimeter of the body surface to the grate are rigidly laid with gap rods made of heat-resistant steel, outside along the body, on its upper part, a collector is installed for supplying air to cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, a device for removing flue gases is made of two chimneys located horizontally inside the combustion chamber on both sides of its axis and installed from the side of open ends on vertically located L-shaped pipes, which are made with holes in the upper part, and their open ends in the lower part are connected to one of the cavities formed by sheets, rims and rods, while the chimneys are equipped with casings with holes, formed from the side of the open ends of the chimneys to their middle, the annular cavities between the chimneys and the casings are connected to a manifold for air supply, characterized in that the diameter of the heat-resistant steel rods is ∅10 ÷ 70 mm, and the gap between them has a width of S = 0 , 5 ÷ 5 mm.

Images