RU153177U1 - LONG-BURNING WATER-SOLID FUEL BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heating devices intended for heating water for household needs and use in heating systems. A solid-fuel long-burning boiler includes a double-walled housing with a cavity for filling with water, at least one housing wall made of at least 4 mm thick, a combustion chamber, two air ducts with independent external openings with gate valves made with the possibility of manual adjustment of the opening size, moreover, one duct includes an air intake duct connected to an intermediate tank for heating air, with a device for supplying air with a removable air diffuser, and the other in the oven is configured to supply air under the fuel, connected to an intermediate tank for heating the air with an opening with a valve for adjusting the size of the hole or its overlap, an electronic control unit, a grate, and the boiler is configured to remove and install a grate, a hole for smoke exit, which is equipped with a regulator for changing the cross section of the hole, the fuel loading hole and the ash removal hole with doors, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal holes being double with an insulation placed in the cavity formed, the openings for the inlet of the working fluid and the outlet of the working fluid with nozzles, a bottom attached to the body, made with the possibility of installing the boiler with a distance from the floor, for example on the legs. A turbocharger connected to the electronic control unit is installed on the air intake box, the air supply device is removable and installed with the possibility of raising and lowering through the roller block, the air diffuser is made with the possibility of its use for various types of fuel and in the central part contains means for immersion in fuel with thickened walls and an opening for supplying air to the fuel, and is configured to supply air to the fuel along the combustion zone from at least four sides , the grate is made with free space on the inside, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are made adjustable with the possibility of adjusting the closing density, and at the bottom in the inside of the boiler there is a layer of heat-insulating heat-resistant material, mainly heat-resistant brick, the boiler is equipped with overpressure relief valves and air vent for installation on a branch pipe of an opening of an exit of a working liquid. The grate has any profile that, when installed in the boiler, provides free space between its inner surface and the bottom of the boiler for supplying air under the fuel, for example, U-shaped or another. The doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are adjustable in any planes and in any direction, and are equipped with sealing means along the contour of the doors. The technical result consists in increasing efficiency, increasing thermal power, efficiency, improving the safety of the device and the heating system as a whole, the period of use and ease of use, ensuring the smooth operation of the device.

Description

The utility model relates to heating devices intended for heating water for household needs and use in heating systems.

The prior art known boiler for burning granular fuel, which contains a combustion chamber in which hot air is supplied from above in the center and is released radially onto the surface of the burning fuel (patent US 4782765 (A), publ. 08.11.1988). The disadvantage of this boiler is its low heat output due to the structural design of the combustion chamber, especially in the initial period.

Also known is a heating boiler (Ukrainian patent No. 89114, IPC F23L 1/00, publ. September 25, 2008, bull. 18), which contains a combustion chamber, the double wall of which forms a container filled with water, an opening for exhausting smoke, a heating chamber air with an underwater duct and an air supply opening equipped with a damper, an air supply device to the combustion chamber from above relative to the fuel, equipped with an air diffuser, with the possibility of moving the air source to communicate with the working surface of the fuel. The air heating chamber is additionally equipped with an air supply regulator connected to the damper and an additional air duct to the combustion chamber, while the fuel combustion chamber is equipped with at least one additional air supply source, and the diffuser of the air supply device is equipped with air-duct hollow pipes fixed to them by reflective plates and downward oriented air guide plates. The underwater duct is equipped with a fan connected to a thermostat and a smoke detector. The air inlet flap is movable and can be controlled by the air supply regulator. The air supply regulator contains a lever, one end of which is connected to the damper of the air supply hole, and the other end is connected to a bracket located on the outer surface of the hollow wall of the combustion chamber, with an adjustment screw, while the lever is supported by the free end of the cantilever rod fixed to the outer surface boiler body. The air ducts of the air diffuser are rectangular in cross section, while the pipes rest on the working surface of the fuel with a wider face. The air guide plates of the air diffuser are located at an angle to each other with the formation of a gap for the exit of air. In an additional air duct from the air heating chamber, a movable damper is installed in the combustion chamber.

The specified technical solution has the following disadvantages:

- due to the lack of a bottom, the boiler is installed on a concrete stand, which leads to condensation and rotting of the external cylinder when the boiler is started, which shortens the life of the boiler, in addition, the installation and dismantling of the boiler is complicated by the need to create a concrete stand for the boiler to be installed by the consumer and its destruction the need to install the boiler in another place, which requires additional time, materials and labor costs;

- the formation of excessive pressure and air jams is not regulated, which indicates insufficient reliability and safety of the entire device as a whole;

- the fan is located in a high temperature zone, which leads to a quick failure and replacement of equipment, which requires additional costs, and when the fan is turned off, an unplanned shutdown of the boiler occurs;

- insufficient wall thickness of the double wall of the casing (water jacket) makes it impossible to repair the boiler using arc welding.

The closest analogue is a solid-fuel boiler for long burning (Ukrainian patent No. 74485, IPC F23L 1/00, F23B 60/00, published on October 25, 2012, bull. 20), which contains a double-walled housing with a cavity for filling with water, smoke outlet, combustion chamber, air duct with an air inlet with a valve connected to an intermediate tank for heating air, with an air supply device with an air diffuser, grates, a fuel loading hole and an ash removal hole with doors, at least two duct with independent external openings with gate valves made with the possibility of manual adjustment of the size of the hole, moreover, in the duct, which is connected to the intermediate tank for heating the air, with a device for supplying air with an air diffuser, a fan and a control unit are integrated, and the other duct is made with the possibility of supply air for fuel, connected to an intermediate tank for heating the air with a hole with a valve to adjust the size of the hole or its overlap, in addition, the boiler includes m at least two removable air diffusers for various types of fuel, one of which is configured to provide air supply to the combustion zone - 40-60%, along the edges of the combustion zone - 20-30%, on top of the fuel - 20-30%, and the other - with the possibility of providing air supply to the combustion zone - 65-75%, at the edges of the combustion zone - 35-25%, the smoke outlet is equipped with a regulator for changing the opening section, the ash removal door with doors is made to allow installation and removal of grates, at least at least one wall of the housing is made thick other not less than 4 mm with the possibility of making a working fluid inlet opening, a working fluid outlet opening and a smoke outlet directly when the boiler is installed at the place of operation, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are double with a heater placed in the cavity formed, and attached to the body the bottom, made with the possibility of installing the boiler with a distance from the floor, for example on the legs.

The specified technical solution is quite effective, but with the introduction of some changes in the design of the boiler, it is possible to achieve higher efficiency, efficiency and reliability.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a new effective, reliable and safe solid-fuel boiler for long burning with an increased efficiency and a useful life.

The task is achieved in that in a solid-fuel boiler of long burning, which includes a housing with a double wall and a cavity for filling with water, with at least one wall of the housing made at least 4 mm thick, a combustion chamber, two ducts with independent external openings with valves made with the possibility of manually adjusting the size of the hole, and one duct includes an air intake box connected to an intermediate tank for heating air, with a device for supplying air with a removable air diffuser, and another duct configured to supply air for fuel, connected to an intermediate tank for heating air with an opening with a valve for adjusting the size of the hole or its overlap, an electronic control unit, a grate, and the boiler is made with the possibility of removal and installation grate, a smoke outlet, which is equipped with a regulator for changing the cross section of the hole, a fuel loading hole and an ash removal hole with doors, two The ends of the fuel loading and ash removal holes are made double with a heater placed in the cavity, the working fluid inlet and working fluid outlets with nozzles, a bottom attached to the body, made with the possibility of installing the boiler with a distance from the floor, for example, on the legs, according to the utility model, a turbocharger connected to the electronic control unit is installed on the air intake box, the air supply device is removable and installed with the possibility of raising and lowering through the roller block The air diffuser is designed to be used for various types of fuel and in the central part contains means for immersion in fuel with thickened walls and a hole for supplying air to the fuel, and is configured to supply air to the fuel along the combustion zone from at least four sides, the grate is made with free space on the inside, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal holes are made adjustable with the possibility of adjusting the closing density, and on at the bottom of the inside of the boiler there is a layer of heat-insulating, heat-resistant material, mainly heat-resistant brick, the boiler is equipped with safety valves to relieve excess pressure and vent to install a working fluid outlet on the pipe.

According to a utility model, the grate has any profile, for example, p-shaped or different, which, when installed in the boiler, provides free space between its inner surface and the bottom of the boiler for supplying air under the fuel.

According to a utility model, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are adjustable in any planes and in any direction and are equipped with sealing means along the contour of the doors.

The technical result that is achieved by solving the problem and using the proposed solid fuel boiler for long burning is to provide effective regulation of air supply, effective removal of carbon dioxide, which makes it possible to effectively control the degree and duration of fuel combustion and efficient filling of the combustion chamber with oxygen, which ensures an increase The efficiency of the boiler, which in turn provides increased efficiency of the boiler, the exclusion of the formation of excess pressure and air jams in the heating system or in the hot water supply system, which increases the efficiency of the boiler and safety, providing thermal insulation of the bottom of the boiler and doors, which also provides increased efficiency, efficiency, increased safety of the device and the heating system as a whole, increase term of use and improving usability, increasing thermal power, ensuring the smooth operation of the device.

The inventive utility model is illustrated by the following image.

FIG. - Cross section of a solid fuel boiler for long burning.

The solid-fuel boiler for long burning contains a double-walled housing with a cavity filled with water 16, which consists of two cylindrical pipes inserted one into the other, with a gap of mainly 16 mm. The walls of the housing are made of metal with a thickness of at least 4 mm. The boiler is equipped with a removable top cover connected to an intermediate tank for heating air 2. The boiler contains at least two air ducts with independent external holes with gate valves made with the possibility of manual adjustment of the hole size. One duct consists of an air intake duct 1, on which a turbocharger 18 is connected, connected to an electronic control unit, while the air intake duct is connected to an intermediate tank for heating air 2, with an air supply device 5, which includes a telescopic tube, with an air diffuser 7. The device for supplying air is removable and installed with the possibility of raising and lowering it through the block of rollers 19, which eliminates additional material costs by providing the possibility of replacement If necessary, only a single boiler unit, and eliminates the additional labor costs, and provides the efficiency of the boiler. The electronic control unit is designed to turn on / off and regulate the operation of the turbocharger, depending on what temperature is set on the controller and what temperature has the coolant in the boiler. The turbocharger pumps air into the combustion zone under pressure, and also provides effective removal of carbon dioxide, improves traction. The presence of a turbocharger connected to the electronic control unit allows, by controlling forced air injection into the combustion chamber, the boiler to reach the “operating temperature” for an optimal period of time and effectively regulate the air supply, which makes it possible to effectively control the degree and duration of combustion, which also leads to to increase efficiency.

The boiler includes at least one removable air diffuser 7. The boiler may include several air diffusers. The boiler in one of the possible embodiments includes a removable air diffuser 7, made with the possibility of its use for various types of fuel. The air diffuser 7 in the central part contains means for immersion in the fuel with thickened walls and an opening for supplying air to the fuel, and is configured to supply air to the fuel along the combustion zone from at least four sides, and has four nozzles with openings. The presence of an air diffuser designed for various types of fuel allows, regardless of the type of fuel, to ensure efficient use of the boiler, which makes it universal and ensures its efficient operation without additional time and labor for replacing the air diffuser, increases efficiency.

The air duct 4 is configured to supply air under the fuel and is connected to the air supply switch to the grate part 20 and connected to the intermediate tank for heating the air 2 with a valve opening for adjusting the size of the opening or its overlapping. The hole for the exit of smoke 3 is equipped with a regulator for changing the cross section of the hole. The hole with doors 6 is designed to load fuel. The hole with the doors 9 is designed to remove ash, and install and remove the grate 11. The doors of the fuel loading holes 6 and ash removal 9 are double with a heater placed in the cavity, made adjustable in any planes and in any direction to adjust the position of the doors with tightly closing them by pulling and / or pressing or otherwise, for example, when the seal is “sagging”, and are equipped with sealing means along the contour of the doors, for example, a fiberglass cord with a thickness not less than 15 mm. The handle is made screw or has a spiral retraction. This design of the doors allows you to completely eliminate the ingress of air into the boiler after closing the doors and eliminates the loss of heat through the holes, which increases the efficiency. The grate is made with free space on the inside. The grate can have any profile with an internal space, that is, a shape or profile that, when it is installed in the boiler, ensures that there is free space between its inner surface and the bottom of the boiler to supply air for the fuel. In one possible embodiment, the grate has a p-shaped profile. The presence of internal space allows you to place in it an element or part of the duct for supplying air under the fuel, which provides loosening of the fuel and squeezing out carbon dioxide, which increases the efficiency of the boiler, and also provides support for the solid fuel layer with a distance from the bottom, which prevents additional heat loss and increases boiler service life. The boiler may include a set of grate 11 for various fuels, and the boiler is designed to remove and install the grate 11. The boiler is equipped with a blind bottom 15 attached to the walls of the housing, configured to install the boiler with a distance from the floor, for example on the legs. The presence of the bottom 15, tightly fixed to the bottom of the housing allows you to create ventilation space between the bottom and the floor, which increases the life of the boiler, and eliminates the need to create a concrete stand for installing the boiler, and its destruction if you need to install the boiler in another place, thereby eliminating additional costs time, materials and labor.

In the internal space of the boiler on the bottom 15 there is a layer of heat-insulating heat-resistant material 17 of predominantly heat-resistant brick, which provides additional thermal insulation and increases the efficiency of the boiler, thereby protecting it from warping and overheating of the bottom, which ensures more reliable operation of the boiler and longer use of the boiler. Heated brick retains heat for a long time, which also provides increased efficiency.

A grate is installed on a layer of heat-insulating heat-resistant material.

In FIG. also depicted: fuel combustion zone 8, a telescopic tube raising cable 10 installed through the rollers, a working fluid outlet 12, a working fluid inlet 13 with nozzles. Before starting operation, safety valves are installed on the nozzle of the outlet of the working fluid - an overpressure relief valve and an air vent valve, which makes the boiler explosion-proof and protects the entire heating system from overpressure and the formation of "air jams". Thus, the efficiency of the device, the safety of the device and the heating system as a whole are increased.

The boiler is equipped with a temperature controller, a mechanical temperature indicator 14, a heater of the external circuit of the boiler 21 and a decorative casing 22.

A long-burning solid-fuel boiler is as follows.

Due to the bottom, the boiler is installed without creating a special foundation at the place of operation and is installed. Using a cable to lift the telescopic pipe 10, the device for supplying air 5 with an air diffuser 7 is lifted. The cable 10 is fixed to the latch. Through the hole 9, a layer of heat-insulating heat-resistant material 17 is laid on the bottom of the boiler, mainly from fireclay or red brick, the grate is installed 11. Through the fuel loading hole 6, solid fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber. Chips, paper, rags and other things for ignition are placed on the loaded fuel. The cable 10 is removed from the latch and lower the device for supplying air 5 with a diffuser 7 to the stop of the diffuser 7 in the fuel with immersion in the fuel means for immersion in the fuel. Before starting, open the dampers on the holes for air supply and for smoke. They set fire to chips, paper, rags, etc., wait a while until they flare up and close the fuel loading hole, then set the desired temperature on the scale, remove the cable 10 from the latch and turn on the boiler into a power outlet. The turbocharger pumps air into the combustion zone under pressure, and also provides effective removal of carbon dioxide. The presence of a turbocharger connected to the control unit allows controlling the forced injection of air into the combustion chamber to ensure that the boiler reaches the "operating temperature" for an optimal period of time and effectively regulates the air supply, which makes it possible to effectively control the intensity and duration of combustion. The combustion rate of the fuel is also regulated by the amount of rarefaction in the hole for the exit of smoke and the movement of valves made with the possibility of manual adjustment of the size of the external independent openings of the ducts. In the absence of a power source, the air supply to the combustion chamber and its volume are controlled by changing the size of the outer hole. If necessary, adjust the position of the doors, for example, in the event of a subsidence of the seal during operation, or otherwise, hold out the screw handle.

In the proposed boiler, a solid fuel hot water boiler, firewood, coal, straw, peat, wood waste and others are used as solid fuel.

The inventive solid fuel boiler long burning is easy to manufacture, and the above information confirms the possibility of its industrial implementation using well-known materials and known equipment.

Claims (3)

1. A solid-fuel boiler for long burning, which includes a housing with a double wall and a cavity for filling with water, with at least one wall of the housing made at least 4 mm thick, a combustion chamber, two ducts with independent external openings with gate valves made with the possibility of manual adjusting the size of the hole, and one duct includes an air intake box connected to an intermediate tank for heating air, with an air supply device with a removable air diffuser, and another duct is configured to supply air for fuel, connected to an intermediate tank for heating air with an opening with a valve for adjusting the size of the hole or its overlap, an electronic control unit, a grate, and the boiler is configured to remove and install a grate, a hole for smoke exit which is equipped with a regulator for changing the cross section of the hole, the fuel loading hole and the ash removal hole with doors, the doors of the fuel loading and removal holes ashes are made double with a heater placed in the cavity, openings for the inlet of the working fluid and the outlet of the working fluid with nozzles, a bottom attached to the body, made with the possibility of installing the boiler with a distance from the floor to the legs, characterized in that a turbocharger connected to the air intake box is connected with an electronic control unit, the device for supplying air is removable and installed with the possibility of raising and lowering through the block of rollers, the air diffuser is made with the possibility of it used for various types of fuel and in the central part contains a means for immersion in fuel with thickened walls and an opening for supplying air to the fuel, and is configured to supply air to the fuel along the combustion zone from at least four sides, the grate is made with free space on the inside, the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are made adjustable with the possibility of adjusting the closing density, and a layer of thermal insulation is placed on the bottom in the inside of the boiler of heat-resistant material, mainly heat-resistant bricks, the boiler is equipped with safety valves to relieve excess pressure and to vent air to install a working fluid outlet on the nozzle. 2. A long-burning solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate has a profile that, when installed in the boiler, provides free space between its inner surface and the bottom of the boiler to supply air for the fuel. 3. A long-burning solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the doors of the fuel loading and ash removal openings are adjustable and equipped with sealing means along the contour of the doors.

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