RU2616962C1 - Heat generator combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: combustion chamber of the heat generator comprises a body in the form of a steel cylinder, the top of which is covered with a metal mesh and a tapered transition is associated with a pipe for the flue gasses, and the bottom closed bottom. Inside the casing, a first air injector is built as a steel tube, inside which is placed a second air injector is formed as a tube of smaller diameter and a greater length. Air injectors are plugged on, slotted perforations formed facing to the fuel injectors, through the valve and connected to the compressor unit for adjusting the air flow. Around the first air injectors circumferentially equally spaced fuel injectors, which are on top of damped steel tube. At the top of the fuel injectors on the side facing the second air injector made slotted perforations for spraying fuel. Fuel injectors height greater than the height of the second air injector. Fuel injectors through the control valves are connected to the fuel supply line with the ability to control the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel. The air gap between the first injector and a fuel injector mounted ignition element. Inside the housing is filled with backfill in the form of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to 1500°C.

EFFECT: increase combustion efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for generating heat by burning liquid waste of hydrocarbon composition and can be used in household, chemical and oil refining industries.

A well-known combustion chamber of a heat generator for burning liquid or gaseous fuels and (RU 2301376 C1, IPC (2006.1) F23R 3/02, F23C 7/00, F23C 99/00, published on 06/20/2007) containing a heat pipe with openings for air supply placed in the outer casing, an annular channel between the flame tube and the outer casing, a swirl in the form of a hollow conical mixer with holes and a central body in the form of a cone concentric to the mixer. The swirl is provided with tubular uprights placed evenly around the circumference at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the swirl. At one end, the tubular posts are fixed at the entrance to the annular channel, at the other end, to the holes in the hollow conical mixer tangentially to the inner surface of the mixer. The cone is made movable in the longitudinal direction to control the amount of secondary air flow supplied to the intensive combustion zone, as well as to create conditions for the optimal position of the intensive combustion zone depending on the type of fuel.

The disadvantage of the combustion chamber is the use of flare, which leads to an increase in the dimensions of the heat generator and, accordingly, its metal consumption.

A burner device for infrared radiation is known (RU 136875 U1, IPC F23D 14/12 (2006.01), published on 01.20.2014), comprising a housing with a combustion zone filled with a backfill in the form of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to a temperature of 1500 ° C. The housing is equipped with an exhaust gas exit window. The ignition element is installed inside the filling of the combustion zone, in the center of which a fuel injector with perforations for spraying fuel is mounted. The fuel injector is located inside the perforated cylinder of the combustion working zone, fixed inside the housing and connected to the fuel supply line with the possibility of regulating the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel. An air collector is formed between the housing and the perforated cylinder, to which the fittings are connected, connected to the compressor device through the control valve. A mesh emitter nozzle is fixed above the output window of the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is the incompleteness of fuel combustion, accompanied by a decrease in efficiency due to the location in the same plane of the perforations of the cylinder of the combustion zone and the fuel injector with the opposite direction of the flow of air and fuel media. Such an arrangement is accompanied by backpressure of the media, as a result of which a relatively uniform distribution of fuel throughout the entire combustion working zone is difficult, leading to underburning of the fuel.

A burner device for infrared radiation is known (RU 129599 U1, IPC F23D 14/12 (2006.01), published on June 27, 2013), used as a combustion chamber of a heat generator, which comprises a housing insulated from the outside, inside of which a frame of the combustion working area is fixed, covered with a mesh nozzle-emitter and filled with backfill in the form of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to 1500 ° C. In the center of the frame of the combustion working zone, a fuel injector is installed, which is a steel tube with perforations for spraying fuel. The fuel injector is connected via a control valve to the fuel supply line with the ability to control the flow rate of either liquid or gaseous fuel. Around the fuel injector around the circumference with the same pitch are air supply nozzles, each of which is a steel tube in which perforations of rectangular cross section are made, facing the fuel injector. The air inlet pipes through the valve are connected to the compressor device with the possibility of controlling the air flow. The ignition element is installed inside the frame of the working combustion zone, at the top of which an exhaust outlet for flue gases is made. This device is technically selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the burner device is the high underburning of fuel, due to the fact that during operation, the air coming from the supply nozzles, due to higher pressure, presses the fuel coming from the opposite nozzles with perforations for spraying fuel. As a result, fuel is supplied through perforations located in areas with a lower concentration of air; mixing of fuel and oxidizer is difficult, resulting in incomplete combustion of the fuel. Due to the high underburning of the fuel, the efficiency of the burner device decreases.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion due to the organization of high-quality air-fuel mixing.

The proposed combustion chamber of the heat generator, as in the prototype, contains a housing filled with a backfill in the form of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to 1500 ° C, inside of which a fuel injector is installed, which is a steel tube with perforations for spraying fuel, which is connected through an adjustment valve to the fuel supply line with the ability to control the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel, two air injectors, each of which is a tube of steel, in which ying perforation facing the fuel injector, the ignition element. Air injectors are connected through a valve to a compressor device with the possibility of regulating air flow.

According to the invention, the housing washed by the coolant is made in the form of a steel cylinder, the top of which is covered with a metal mesh and mated with a conical transition with a pipe for venting flue gases, and the bottom is closed by a bottom. Inside the housing, through the central hole in its bottom, a first air injector is integrated, inside which a second air injector is placed, made in the form of a tube of smaller diameter and longer length. Around the first air injector, fuel injectors are evenly spaced around the circumference, the height of which is greater than the height of the second air injector. An ignition element is installed in the gap between the first air injector and one of the fuel injectors. Fuel and air injectors are muffled from above and are made with slit-like perforations, and in the fuel injectors, perforations for spraying fuel are made in their upper part from the side facing the second air injector. Fuel injectors are connected through a control valve to the fuel supply line with the ability to control the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel.

In the proposed design, the preparation of the air-fuel mixture and its further combustion takes place directly in the combustion zone - inside the backfill of porous non-metallic material, which excludes the possibility of developing a critical volume for the explosion and helps to prevent flame penetration, thereby ensuring efficiency and safety when burning flammable liquid or gaseous fuels . The relative position of the fuel and air injectors, the implementation of the longitudinal (from the first air injector towards the fuel injectors) and transverse (from the second air injector towards the fuel injectors) air supply to the combustion working zone provides the highest quality preparation of the air-fuel mixture and its high degree of combustion. Placing air injectors in the center of the combustion chamber of the heat generator below the perforations of the fuel flow from the fuel injectors reduces the effect of backpressures of the fuel and air environments, which leads to their uniform distribution and mixing throughout the entire combustion zone, which positively affects the completeness of combustion of the fuel mixture.

The principle of burning liquid fuels inside a porous structure and organizing predominantly heat exchange between the backfill layer of the combustion zone and the heat-receiving surface makes the combustion chamber of the heat generator simple and compact.

In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a heat generator.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a heat generator.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross-section through a heat generator AA.

The heat generator contains a steel all-welded case 1, inside of which a combustion chamber in the form of a steel cylinder 2 is coaxially integrated, the top of which is covered with a metal mesh 3 and mated with a conical transition 4 with a pipe 5 for venting flue gases, and the bottom is closed by the bottom 6. The outer walls of the housing 1 are insulated. In the lower part, the housing 1 is equipped with an inlet pipe 7 for supplying coolant (water), and in the upper part - with a pipe 8 for draining the coolant.

Inside the cylinder 2, through the central hole in its bottom 6, a first air injector 9 is built in the form of a tube made of heat-resistant steel, inside which a second air injector 10 is placed in the form of a tube of smaller diameter and longer length. The first 9 and second 10 air injectors are connected to a compressor device (not shown) through control valves 11 with the ability to control air flow. Around the first air injector 9, for example, four identical fuel injectors 12 are uniformly arranged around the circle, representing heat-resistant steel tubes connected to a fuel supply line (not shown) with the possibility of controlling the flow of liquid fuel. The number of fuel injectors 12 depends on the required fuel consumption to ensure uniform distribution over the volume of the combustion zone and to achieve optimal power of the heat generator. The height of the fuel injectors 12 is greater than the height of the second air injector 10. In the gap between the first air injector 9 and one of the fuel injectors 12, an ignition element 13 is installed. Fuel 12 and air 9, 10 injectors are sealed from above and are made with slit-like perforations, and in the fuel injectors 12 perforations for spraying fuel are made in their upper part and only from the side facing the second air injector 10.

The free space in the cylinder 2 is filled with a backfill 14 in the form of grains of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to 1500 ° C, for example, cryptol - a waste of the metallurgical industry, which is almost entirely carbon.

The free space of the housing 1 is filled with coolant (water).

The heat generator operates as follows.

The housing 1 of the heat generator through the inlet pipe 7 is filled with coolant (water). Then, the heat generator is started, for which liquid fuel is supplied from the fuel supply line (not shown) through the fuel injectors 12, which penetrates the backfill 14 of the porous non-metallic material through the perforations of the injectors 12. At the same time, a compressor (not shown) is supplied with air into the filling 14 in the directions: from the bottom from the first air injector 9 to the net 3, from the second air injector 10 to the fuel injectors 12. In this case, the required air flow rate is selected by adjusting valves 11. Using the ignition element 13 carry out the ignition of the heat generator. The process of burning fuel proceeds in a flameless combustion mode, as it occurs inside the backfill 14 of porous non-metallic material. Grid 3 serves as a catalyst for the oxidation of unburned combustible gases formed during the oxidation reaction of the fuel mixture and an additional secondary emitter, and also protects the grain filling 14 of the porous non-metallic material from possible entrainment of particles. Flue gases after oxidation and oxidation leave the heat generator through the pipe 5.

The heat obtained during the oxidation of the fuel mixture and the oxidation of unburned combustible gases, as well as as a result of convective heat transfer during the passage of flue gases through the conical transition 4 and the pipe 5, is transferred to the heat carrier (water) filling the housing 1. Heated coolant (water) through the outlet pipe 8 using a pump (not shown) is supplied to the consumer.

The proposed design of the combustion chamber of the heat generator allows the use of both liquid and gaseous fuels.

Claims (1)

A heat generator combustion chamber containing a housing filled with a backfill in the form of a porous non-metallic material with heat resistance up to 1500 ° C, inside of which a fuel injector is installed, which is a steel tube with perforations for fuel atomization, which is connected to the fuel supply line through a control valve with the possibility of flow control liquid or gaseous fuel, two air injectors, each of which is a steel tube in which perforations are made, facing the top to the injection injector, ignition element, air injectors connected through a valve to a compressor device with the possibility of controlling the air flow, characterized in that the housing washed by the heat carrier is made in the form of a steel cylinder, the top of which is covered with a metal mesh and is connected by a conical passage with a pipe for exhausting gases, and the bottom is closed by the bottom, inside the body through the central hole in its bottom is built the first air injector, inside which there is a second air injector, made in de tubes of smaller diameter and greater length, fuel injectors are uniformly arranged around the first air injector around the circumference, the height of which is greater than the height of the second air injector, an ignition element is installed in the gap between the first air injector and one of the fuel injectors, the fuel and air injectors are muffled from above and made with slit-like perforations, moreover, in the fuel injectors, the perforations for spraying fuel are made in their upper part from the side facing the second air and zhektoru, fuel injectors through a control valve connected to a fuel supply line with the possibility of regulating the flow rate of liquid or gaseous fuel.

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