RU2767115C1 - Connection of rail fastening with track base - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fastening assemblies of rails to track bases. Connection of rail fastening with track base includes plate fixed on track base, one screw located in at least one hole of plate and screwed into screw dowel, which is monolithically fixed in base. Each screw has a head and a screw thread, the dowel at the top has a flange and an inlet socket, and at the bottom the dowel has a lower screw part, each turn of which is rounded from the outside. Above the dowel flange, on the screw there are sequentially located bottom-up sleeper pads of different rigidity, a rail fastening plate, faceted washer, the faces of which are in contact with the plate guides, an electrically insulating bushing with a lower part, a flat washer and a spring washer resting against the screw head. Electrically insulating bushing is made stepped; the said lower part of the bushing is located without a gap in the hole of the faceted washer and with a gap in the hole of the plate; at that, the cavity of the dowel is tight.

EFFECT: as a result, reliability of operation of the connection in severe climatic conditions in the mode of increased dynamic loads is increased.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

This connection refers mainly to the structure of the railway track, including the attachment points of the rails to the track bases (slabs, sleepers), and we mean such connections of rail fasteners that include screw-dowel pairs, through which the plates (plates) of rail fastenings are connected to concrete bases rail track. In this case, each screw-dowel connection contains a dowel fixed in the sleeper and a screw screwed into it.

The connection also refers to screw connections in general, used in the fields of mechanics and construction for detachable connection of a removable part of a structure to a monolithic base of a structure.

A connection is known that contains a screw located in the hole of the rail slab with an electrically insulating washer put on it, while the screw is screwed into the screw dowel of the sleeper (RU 204998 U1, 06/22/2021).

A track screw is known, containing a head, a rod with cylindrical and conical sections, while one cylindrical section contains protrusions and a washer located between them and the head, and a thread is made on the conical section, passing to the second cylindrical section, characterized in that the thread pitch is 12 -13 mm, and the working height of the thread profile is 3-5 mm (RU 202162 U1, 02/05/2021. LLC "Management company "Kuzbasstransmet").

Known screw fastener rail fastening, containing a head, paired with a cylindrical section and a conical section with a thread, characterized in that the conical section is made extended to the end of the screw, and the beginning of the thread on the conical section is spaced from the end of the cylindrical section associated with the head. The length of the conical section exceeds the length of the cylindrical section by at least 16 times. The start of the thread on the conical section is separated from the end of the cylindrical section by a distance exceeding the length of the cylindrical section by at least 3 times (RU 161116 U1, 04/10/2016).

Known screw connection mounting plate rail fastening, with a sleeper, which replaces the anchors of the rail to the sleeper (CN 205443809 U, 2016-08-10).

A rail fastening connection is known, containing dowels recessed into the sleeper, the first bolted fastener and the second bolted fastener screwed into them, which are located in the holes of the support plate located between the sleeper and the rail (CN 212771759 U, 2021-03-33).

A device for fastening a rail track is known, containing a dowel fixed at the base of the track, into which a screw is screwed, having a faceted head interacting with the anchor (RU 136441 U1, 10.01.2014).

A dowel of a rail fastening assembly is known, which contains an upper and lower parts, between which there is a middle part with inner and outer helical surfaces, the upper part outside contains stiffeners, and it is made in the form of two sections - upper and lower, the lower section of the upper part is made in the form of a truncated cone, characterized in that the upper section of the upper part is made in the form of a truncated cone, and the minimum diameter of the upper section of the upper part is greater than the maximum diameter of the lower section, and the lower part of the dowel is cylindrical (current patent RU 202756 U1, 03/04/2021. JSC "RUSSIAN RAILWAYS"). In the dependent claims of the patent RU 202756 U1, it is disclosed that the dowel is made of a polymeric material, its upper section and / or the lower section of the upper part are made tapering downwards, the inner surface of the upper part of the upper section contains longitudinal grooves of a rectangular, or trapezoidal, or rounded shape, stiffening ribs are made on the lower part of the dowel from the outside, a shoulder is made on the end of the upper part, the stiffening ribs are made longitudinal, the stiffening ribs are made square or in the form of a two-dimensional wave, or beveled towards the lower part of the dowel, the walls of the sections of the helical surface of the middle part of the dowel are made with a thickness depending on the radius of the cross section of the section, the middle part of the dowel is made in the form of a truncated cone, turning into a cylinder.

A fastening device (screw) for attaching a base plate to a railway sleeper is known, having a head part, a threaded part of the shank and an intermediate part connecting the head part to the threaded part of the shank, while the intermediate part and the threaded part of the shank have a smaller diameter than the head part. The intermediate part in its axial end region, adjacent to the head part, has a circumferential part, the outer diameter of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the rest of the intermediate part. The outer diameter of the peripheral part relative to the inner diameter of the spring washer is such that when the spring washer is placed on and around the peripheral part, the spring washer is resiliently held on the intermediate part until the device is used, regardless of the orientation of the device (US 6318939 B1, 2001-11-20) . The use of a spring under the head of the screw does not sufficiently prevent the screw from being unscrewed, which operates in dangerous conditions of high vibrations from the movement of trains on the track.

It is known to connect the rail fastening with the concrete base of the rail track, having a base plate in which a through guide hole is made, in which an insulating sleeve is located, a screw located in the sleeve with an elastic element (spring) put on it under the screw head, while the screw is located in the dowel fixed in the sleeper on which the base plate is located (PL 2551408 T3, 2014-10-31). In this connection, it is provided that an eyebolt with a thread at the upper end is fixed in the sleeper. The bolt passes sleeper pads, a plate, an eccentric sleeve, a spring, a washer from bottom to top and is attracted to these elements by a nut screwed onto the upper end of the bolt, while in the process of exposure to large vibration loads from train traffic, the bolt and spring work in compression and tension and tightening force nuts are constantly changing. As a result, a dangerous torque in the horizontal plane occurs on the nut thread.

A threaded connection of a rail fastening with a sleeper is known, containing a device for fixing the rail with a tension clamp (terminal) extending from the holding element (anchor) placed with the possibility of removal on a ribbed plate on which the base of the rail rests. Said plate is placed on an elastic intermediate layer, which is maintained in the required prestressed state by a threaded connection (WO 2005124025 A1, 2005-12-29). The bolt of this connection is located in the area of the anchor, between its lodgements under the terminal, while in the working position of the rail connection, access to the bolt head is difficult.

A rail fastening is known, containing bolts located in the holes of the rail fastening plate, screwed into dowels, which are fixed in the sleeper, while each dowel has screw turns for fixing the dowels in the concrete of the sleeper (application WO 2019186097 A1, 03.10.2019). In this application, the head of each bolt rests on a round washer located on the first rectangular plate from above, which covers on one side the second lower rectangular plate located on the first gasket made of elastic dielectric material, installed on the plate. At the same time, the first rectangular plate on one side has a side extending down, contacting the second plate on the side, which is located below the first plate, which significantly complicates the design of attaching the plate to the sleeper and, accordingly, reduces the reliability of the rail fastening.

A rail fastening assembly is known, comprising a screw, a dowel fixed in a sleeper, having two cylindrical surfaces mating with each other and conical surfaces placed between them with the beginning of the thread on the conical surface, and the lengths of the parts with cylindrical surfaces of the screw and the dowel exceed the lengths of their sections with conical surfaces. The length of the part of the screw with a non-threaded cylindrical surface exceeds the length of its part with a conical surface at least twice. The total length of these parts of the screw exceeds the length of its part with a non-threaded cylindrical surface by at least 2.9 times. With an extremely low location of the screw, the length of the part of its cylindrical surface without thread, located in the corresponding cylindrical part of the dowel, is at least 0.18 of the length of the screw without its head, and when it is unscrewed to the maximum in operation when straightening the path along the level, this length is at least 0 .6 the length of a non-threaded cylindrical surface (RU 26501 U1, 10.12.2002).

A screw-dowel connection of a rail fastening is known, connecting a rail fastening plate with a sleeper, containing a metal under-rail plate with through holes and fasteners located in the holes of the plate, made in the form of screws screwed into electrically insulating dowels installed in the sleeper, and the connection is equipped with inserts, each of which contains a base with a hole for the passage of the fastener and a protrusion for fixing in the hole of the metal plate (RU 130315 U1, 07/20/2013).

Known screw-dowel connection rail fastening with a concrete sleeper, containing two pairs of screw-dowel, moreover, the screw has a head and a screw thread, each turn of which is made conical with a blunt end formed by a straight edge located at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the screw, and the dowel has an input socket hollow from the inside and a screw part, each turn of which is rounded from the inside and outside, while the dowel of each pair is integrally connected to a concrete sleeper, on which a rail fastening plate is installed, connected to the dowel and a screw screwed into it, located in the hole of the plate so that the screw head is located above the plate (RU 2559185 C2, 08/10/2015 - prototype ).

In the patent RU2559185С2 the dowel has a cylindrical body having a rod section on the side of the head, which preferably adjoins the side of the dowel from below, on its continuation the dowel has an external thread, with which it is unscrewed from the sleeper or screwed into it, an internal thread is made below the rod section for receiving the sleeper screw, and the dowel has a core section inside, in the transition to the internal thread, a spiral ledge that reduces the inner diameter by part of the length of the core section and extends at least along a part of the circumference (RU 2559185 C2, 10.08.2015).

In the well-known screw-dowel connection, disclosed in patent RU 2559185 C2, each screw of the connection is located in the contour of the terminal loop, constantly working to dampen dynamic loads under vibration conditions arising from alternating loads on the rail sole. Screws are directly exposed to these loads, which does not exclude the possibility of their loosening and dangerous loosening of the connection.

The technical result of the invention presented in this description is to increase the reliability of the connection operating in harsh climatic conditions in the mode of increased dynamic loads.

The technical result is obtained by connecting the rail fastening to the base of the track, containing a plate fixed on the base of the track, one screw located in at least one hole in the plate, screwed into a screw dowel, which is monolithically fixed in the base, each screw has a head and a screw thread, a dowel at the top has a flange and an inlet socket, and at the bottom the dowel has a lower screw part, each turn of which is rounded from the outside, and above the dowel flange, on the screw, sleeper pads of different hardness are sequentially located upwards, a rail fastening plate, a faceted washer, the edges of which are in contact with plate guides, an electrically insulating sleeve with a lower part, a flat washer and a lock washer resting against the screw head, while the electrically insulating sleeve is stepped, the specified lower part of the sleeve is located without a gap in the hole of the faceted washer, and the lower part of the sleeve is located with a gap in the hole of the plate, moreover I eat the dowel cavity is sealed.

The cylindrical wall of the dowel has outside stiffeners located along the perimeter of the wall, and grooves are made in the socket wall from the inside of the dowel, which are located longitudinally to the dowel axis at height h of the socket.

The cavity of the dowel with the screw located in it is sealed with a cured composition introduced into the cavity of the dowel in a liquid state.

In FIG. 1 shows a connection screw.

In FIG. 2 - dowel connection.

In FIG. 3 - dowel in axonometry.

In FIG. 4 - top view of the dowel along arrow A in Fig.2.

In FIG. 5 - view of the dowel from below along arrow B in Fig.2.

Figure 6 - the connection of the rail fastening with the base of the track in the working position.

Fig.7 shows a longitudinal section of the connection along B-B in Fig.6.

The connection of the rail fastening with the base of the rail track is carried out by two screw-dowel connections (one connection is shown in the drawings), through which one plate 18 of the rail fastening (Fig. 7) is connected to the base of the rail track - a concrete sleeper 16.

Each screw 1 (figure 1, 6, 7) has a head 2 and a screw thread 3, each coil 4 which (figure 7) is made conical in cross section with a flat top located at right angles to the axis of symmetry of the conical thread thread 3 screw . The screw (having a diameter D) in the working position of the connection is screwed into the dowel 5, which has an inlet socket 6 hollow from the inside and a screw part 7, each turn 8 of which is made rounded on the outside, and on the inside it is a response in shape to each turn 4 of the screw 1.

The inlet socket 6 (figure 2) is made stepped, has a larger diameter D1 (figure 4) and a smaller diameter d2, and between these diameters there is a stage 9. The upper end of the dowel has a flange 10. Outside, the socket 6 has ribs located along its perimeter 11 rigidity, monolithic made with a socket 6 and a flange 10 along the entire height h of the socket. From the inside, the dowel has longitudinal grooves 12 made in its wall (Fig.3, 4), each of which is located opposite the stiffener 11. At the bottom, the dowel has a lower cylindrical wall 13 (figure 2, 7) with a flat end 14 (figure 5), while the wall 13 has conical stiffening ribs 15 (figure 2). The internal cavity of the dowel is sealed. In one of the executions of the connection, it is provided that the sinuses between the inner surface of the dowel and the screw part of the screw are filled in a liquid state with a hardened composition. In the working position, the connection screw 1, screwed in the connection dowel 5 (Fig.6), is connected through the dowel to the sleeper - the base 16 of the rail track, in which the dowel is fixed, while the base can be a concrete slab or a concrete sleeper.

In the working position, the connections between the flange 10 of the dowel (Fig.7) and the head 2 of the screw, on the screw are located one above the other from the bottom up, two sleeper pads 17 of different hardness, a cast-iron plate 18 of the rail fastening, a faceted washer 19 with straight opposite edges, the lower part 22 of a stepped electrically insulating sleeve 23, a flat washer 28 and a lock washer 20 having an oblique cut 21. In this case, the lower part 22 of the stepped electrically insulating sleeve 23 is located in the hole of the upper sleeper pad 17 and in the hole of the plate 18.

Two opposite faces of the faceted washer 19 are in contact with two guides 24 of the plate (Fig.6,7) with the possibility of relative sliding. Since the guides 24 are integrally made with the plate 18, after unscrewing each screw 1, the plate 18 can move to the right or left relative to the fixed screw fixed in the base 16. There is a gap 25 between the surface of the hole of the plate 18 and the surface of the lower part 22 of the sleeve 23.

Washer 19 has teeth 26 (Fig.7), plate 18 has teeth 27. Teeth 26 and 27 are in engagement with each other in the working position of the connection. There are grooves between the teeth, which are rounded so that in cross section these teeth form a wavy line (not shown) with an equal pitch between the tops of the teeth and recesses between the tops of the teeth. The aforementioned flat washer 28 is located between the lock washer 20 and the top of the sleeve 23.

The connection works as follows. The load from the rail sole of the track is transferred to the rail fastening plate 18 (FIGS. 6, 7), while the plate takes on the compressive loads and the tear loads acting in opposite directions. In the case of compression loads that are directed downwards, they are extinguished by the base 16 of the track through sleeper pads 17. In the case of tear loads, the loads are transferred to the screw held in position by the dowel 5. In this case, the screw 1 works in tension, and the lock washer 20 works to compression, it does not change its working fixed position and the state of compression in which it is in the working stable position. When there is a force of separation of the plate 18 and the screw 1 from the base 16, the screw is held in the dowel by the turns of the screw thread located in the grooves of the dowel. The detachment of the dowel from the base 16 is prevented by the flange 10 of the dowel, which abuts against the lower sleeper pad 17.

When the connection elements work in conjunction with the work of the rail fastening elements, the reliability of the connection of the rail fastening plate with the concrete base of the rail track increases due to the stabilization of the connection elements, which excludes loosening of the connection and the appearance of backlashes in it, which positively affects the safety of the rail track and train traffic.

In the process of long-term operation of the rail fastening, the side surfaces of the rail heads of the rail track wear out and the gauge of the rail track increases. To bring the rail heads to the working design position, the rails are shifted to the appropriate sides across the rail track. Before shifting the rails, the screws 1 are unscrewed, the side insulator and the terminal are removed from the rail fastening, and the rail is displaced in a given direction across the rail track together with the plate 18 (Fig. 7). When the plate is displaced (in the range from 1 mm to 6 mm), the gap 25 between the surface of the hole of the plate 18 and the surface of the lower part 22 of the sleeve 23 decreases or increases. 27 of the plate 18 and in this position the screw 1 is screwed into the working position. In this case, all elements of the connection are pressed against each other by adjacent adjacent surfaces in the process of tightening the screw. In the working position, the screw 1 screwed into the dowel 5 compresses the specified connection elements, including lock washers 20, and presses the connection and rail fastening elements to the base 16 of the rail track.

Similarly, said second connection of the rail fastening plate 18 with the track base, which is located at the other end of the plate 18 (not shown), works. As a result, each connection used in rail fastening to connect the rail fastening plate to the track base provides a significant increase in the reliability of the connection.

Claims (3)

1. The connection of the rail fastening with the base of the rail track, containing a plate fixed on the base of the track, located in at least one hole in the plate, one screw screwed into a screw dowel, which is integrally fixed in the base, each screw has a head and a screw thread, the dowel at the top has flange and inlet socket, and at the bottom the dowel has a lower screw part, each turn of which is rounded on the outside, characterized in that above the dowel flange, on the screw, sleeper pads of different hardness are sequentially located upwards, a rail fastening plate, a faceted washer, the edges of which are in in contact with the guides of the plate, an electrically insulating sleeve with a lower part, a flat washer and a lock washer resting against the screw head, while the electrically insulating sleeve is stepped, the specified lower part of the sleeve is located without a gap in the hole of the faceted washer and with a gap in the hole of the plate, and the cavity of the dowel made sealed. 2. The connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical wall of the dowel has outside stiffeners located along the perimeter of the wall, and grooves are made in the socket wall from the inside of the dowel, which are located longitudinally to the dowel axis at height h of the socket. 3. The connection according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of the dowel with the screw located in it is sealed with a cured composition introduced into the cavity of the dowel in a liquid state.

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