RU2766964C1 - Furnace device with ash remover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of heat engineering, namely to heat generators, and can be used for heating of various objects of surface and underground purpose, mainly for heating of ventilation air supplied to the mine. Furnace device comprises a furnace, a combustion chamber, a fuel bunker, a furnace blower, a secondary blower, and air ducts of the furnace and secondary blowing. Device is equipped with hopper and ash remover, installed in place of ash and slag unloading from furnace bed, wherein the ash remover has at least one gate connected to the counterweight and configured to overturn when the weight of the ash exceeds the weight of the counterweight, wherein inner surface of hopper and ash remover is made heat-resistant. Ash remover is equipped with an upper gate and a lower gate. Lower gate of the ash remover is set for a greater weight of ash than the upper one.

EFFECT: increasing the reliability and efficiency of the furnace device, as well as increasing the efficiency of the furnace device by eliminating air leaks at the place where ash is unloaded from the furnace bed into the ash and slag removal device.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of thermal power engineering, namely to heat generators, and can be used for heating various ground and underground facilities, mainly for heating the ventilation air supplied to the mine.

The efficiency and quality of the boiler unit or combustion device is characterized by the efficiency factor. The coefficient of excess air in the furnace and air suction have a significant impact on the efficiency of the combustion device. So, for example, an increase in the excess air coefficient in the furnace by 0.1 leads to an excessive consumption of fuel by 0.7%, and a decrease in air suction by 0.1 reduces fuel consumption by about 0.5%. Air suction is most often observed during the “dry” type of ash removal and is due to the following factors: loose fitting of the furnace set, loose closing of the ash catcher gates, poor sealing of steel gas ducts at the junction with the lining of the furnace, etc. Air suction cannot be taken into account in the total volume of air supplied to combustion, therefore, air suction must be prevented.

Known air-heating plant containing an air heater included in the flue gas path, a layered combustion device with draft fans, a combustion chamber with secondary blast nozzles and an afterburner, an ash collector, fans, a smoke exhauster and a chimney (patent for FROM RU 2716961, priority dated 17.07.2019 , published on March 17, 2020, Bulletin No. 8).

The disadvantage of the invention is that the combustion chamber of the air heating plant is not equipped with devices to eliminate air leaks at the place of ash unloading from the furnace bed into the ash removal path, where maximum air leaks into the furnace occur.

Known fluidized bed furnace for burning solid crushed fuels and combustible waste, containing enclosing walls, a combustion screen, an input device for combustible material and slag output, an air distribution grate for burning in a fluidized bed and afterburning slag, a transverse manifold mounted above this grate, nozzles for input secondary air, a screwing bar and a tilting grate attached to the air distribution grate from the side of the slag burning zone (patent for FROM RU 2300051, priority dated 10/26/2005, published 05/27/2007, bull. No. 15).

The disadvantage of this invention is that the suction of air through the overturning grate, which serves for additional burning of combustibles in the slag, is not regulated, which significantly impairs the combustion process of the fuel and reduces the efficiency of the furnace.

The task to be solved by the claimed invention is: to exclude air leaks into the combustion space of the combustion chamber at the place of unloading ash and slag from the furnace bed.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the combustion device, increase the efficiency of the combustion device by eliminating air leaks at the place of unloading ash from the furnace bed into the ash and slag removal device, as well as through the use of an ash remover with one or two gates.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the furnace device, containing a furnace, a combustion chamber, a fuel hopper, a furnace blast fan, a secondary blast fan, furnace and secondary blast air ducts, is equipped with a lined hopper and an ash remover with a tipping gate installed at the place of unloading ash and slag from the furnace canvases to exclude the possibility of the formation of unregulated air leaks into the combustion device.

In this case, the combustion device can be equipped with an ash remover with two gates, which gives the device additional efficiency and reliability.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig.1 shows a combustion device, Fig. 2 - ash remover with one gate, fig. 3 - ash remover with two gates, in Fig. 4 - combustion device with an ash remover containing two gates.

In the following detailed description of the invention, numerous implementation details are provided to provide a clear understanding of the present invention. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate how the present invention can be used, both with and without these implementation details.

The combustion device in Fig. 1 contains a furnace 1, a combustion chamber 2 made of fireclay bricks, a fuel supply hopper 3, furnace blast equipment, including a fan 4, an air duct 5 for supplying air under the combustion device, secondary blast equipment, including a fan 6, air ducts 7 and a duct 8 with nozzles 9, equipment for emergency reduction of the temperature of the outgoing flue gases, including an axial fan 10 and an air duct 11 connected to the chamber for the emergency decrease in the temperature of the outgoing flue gases 12. Under the furnace there is a bin 13 for collecting spilled ash and coal from the furnace bed, equipped with a screw (spiral) conveyor 14 , as well as a screw (spiral) conveyor 15 and chutes 16 to remove spillage of ash and coal from the blast zones of the furnace. Both conveyors dump spillage onto the ash removal conveyor 17 through chutes 18 and 19. At the place where ash is discharged from the furnace bed, at the end of the furnace, there is a hopper 20, hermetically connected to the furnace and ash remover 21, operating on the principle of "flashing lights", that is, with minimizing fluctuations. The bottom flange of the ash remover 21 is hermetically connected to the chute 22, through which the ash and slag are discharged onto the conveyor 17. The inner surfaces of the bin 20, the ash remover 21 and the chute 22 are made of a heat-resistant material, for example, heat-resistant steel, or have a lining made of heat-resistant materials. This is due to the fact that the ash and slag discharged from the furnace bed have a high temperature, reaching up to 600°C.

The combustion device works as follows.

Fuel (coal) is supplied from bunker 3 to the furnace bed and lights up. Simultaneously with the supply of coal, fan 4 blows air under the furnace bed through the blast zones to organize the combustion process. To increase the efficiency of combustion, a secondary blast is supplied to the combustion space of the combustion chamber 2 by a fan 6 through air ducts 7. The secondary blast from the duct 8 is injected into the combustion chamber through the nozzles 9 located tangentially to the furnace volume to create a vortex motion of the flue gases.

In the process of fuel combustion, ash and slag are formed, which are discharged into the 20 hopper. From the 20 hopper, the ash and slag enter the 21 ash remover, which operates on the “flasher” principle, and then it is dumped onto the 17 conveyor along the chute 22.

The ash remover in figure 2 is a metal case 23 with flanges for connection to the hopper 20 and the chute 22. Inside the ash remover there is a gate 24 connected to the axis of the counterweight 25, which has a weight calculated for a certain amount of ash poured from the furnace bed onto the gate. The weight of the counterweight is calculated during the design of the ash remover and depends on its geometric dimensions, i.e. the volume of space above the tipping gate where ash and slag are collected. The amount (weight) of ash and slag depends on the brand of coal used, the performance of the furnace, the combustion process, etc. The counterweight can move axially closer or further away from the ash remover body. The closer the counterweight is to the body of the ash remover, the less ash will be on the gate, and vice versa, the further the counterweight is located from the body, the more ash is required to overturn the gate. In addition, the counterweight has additional

discs mounted on the axis of the counterweight for more precise adjustment of the ash remover. Adjustment of the ash remover is carried out during commissioning and consists in changing the distance from the body of the ash remover to the counterweight by moving it along the axis, as well as using additional disks, to find such a position of the counterweight, which ensures the maintenance of a certain column of ash above the gate for creating tightness, and uniform descent of ash with minimal fluctuation of the gate. This makes it possible to exclude air leaks through the ash layer into the rarefied area of the furnace volume. When filling the ash remover with ash and slag, when their weight begins to exceed the weight of the counterweight, the gate begins to open, falling down, and the ash will fall into the chute until the weight of the ash becomes less than the weight of the counterweight, after which the gate will begin to rise up under the weight of the counterweight. The slide slides down a short distance and rises again, creating minimal fluctuations, that is, the “flashing” effect. Ash is continuously discharged in small doses from the gate through the chute 22 onto the conveyor 17.

To improve the reliability and efficiency of the ash remover, in order to completely eliminate air leaks, it can be made with two gates (figure 2), while the ash remover will work as follows: the load 25 of the upper gate must be adjusted to a certain amount of ash and when filling the upper part of the ash remover when the weight of the ash exceeds the weight of the load, the gate 24 starts flashing and the ash wakes up on the lower gate 26, the load of which is set to a greater weight than that of the upper gate. Ash, falling on the lower gate, begins to accumulate, and when it is filled to a certain weight exceeding the weight of the lower load 27, the gate 26 opens and also periodically dumps ash onto the conveyor. The lower flasher is adjusted to a greater weight than the upper one, so the opening and closing of the lower gate is less frequent. In the event of a breakdown, for example, of the upper gate, only the lower gate will work, or vice versa, while it is not necessary to stop the operation of the combustion device, which increases the reliability of both the ash remover and the entire combustion device.

Ash and slag at the place of discharge from the furnace bed have a high temperature, more than 600 ° C, so there is a danger of rapid wear and burnout of equipment designed for unloading ash and slag. In order to improve the reliability of the equipment for unloading ash and slag from the furnace bed, namely the hopper 20 and the ash remover 21, their inner surface is made of heat-resistant steel or lined with heat-resistant materials.

The present application materials provide a preferred disclosure of the implementation of the claimed technical solution, which should not be used as limiting other, private embodiments of its implementation, which do not go beyond the scope of the requested legal protection and are obvious to specialists in the relevant field of technology.

Claims (5)

1. A combustion device containing a furnace, a combustion chamber, a fuel hopper, a furnace blast fan, a secondary blast fan, furnace and secondary blast ducts, characterized in that it is equipped with a hopper and an ash remover installed at the place where ash and slag are unloaded from the furnace bed, while the ash remover has at least one gate connected to the counterweight and made with the possibility of overturning when the ash weight exceeds the weight of the counterweight, while the inner surface of the bunker and the ash remover is made heat-resistant. 2. The combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ash remover is equipped with an upper gate and a lower gate. 3. The combustion device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower ash remover gate is set to a greater weight of ash than the upper one. 4. The combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper and ash remover are made of heat-resistant steel. 5. The combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper and ash remover are lined with heat-resistant materials.

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