RU2765192C2 - Method for crushing fragile pieces of rock and gyroabrasion crusher for its implementation (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ore crushing.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to a method for crushing fragile pieces of rock and crushers for its implementation. The method consists in feeding the pieces into the grinding zone, crushing them by the direct impact on them of crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and stationary working surfaces, increasing as the height of the grinding zone decreases in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces to a given fraction size, with their exit through the sieving grid. Crushing of pieces of rock is carried out by rolling the crushed pieces along a fixed working surface by frictional action on them with a movable elastic corrugated working surface with additional abrasion of adjacent surfaces by friction of the rolling crushed pieces rubbing against each other to a given size. The crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and fixed working surfaces are set by the eccentricity of the rotation of the working surface relative to the lattice of the fixed working surface and its elasticity. The exit of the coarse fraction is carried out by pushing through the side window in the stationary working surface at the exit from the grinding zone, and the dust-like fraction formed during grinding through the grates of the fixed working surface in the grinding zone under the influence of centrifugal air flows created by the rotation of the moving working surface. The crusher according to the first version contains an electric motor 2 and a housing 3 fixed on the frame 1, consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell 4 with a fixed working surface and a grate 5 and two end walls 6 and 8, one of which is made with a loading window 7, and the other - with unloading 9, respectively. In this case, a drum with a disc is placed in the housing 3. The horizontal axis of rotation of the drum shaft 11 is parallel to the axis of the shell 4. On the outer side of the disk there is a rim with a tire on a movable working surface. The tire is made of an elastic material with a grooved tread on the working surface with the possibility of frictional transmission of rotary motion to the rolled shredded pieces under the influence of splitting and abrasive forces of elastic deformation caused by pressing the shredded pieces into the elastic tire in the grinding zone during eccentric rotation of the drum. The crusher according to the second version additionally contains a horizontally mounted vane rotor 27 with the width of the blades 28 corresponding to the length of the shell 4 and with the orientation of the working surfaces in the direction of rotation of the blades 28. In this case, the wall of the body 3 opposite to the loading window is removable. The vane rotor 27 is installed in the housing 3 in an eccentrically cylindrical shell 4. The shell 4 in the grinding zone is made with a grate 5 separating the crushed pieces into fractions.

EFFECT: crushers are characterized by an increase in manufacturability.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to the crushing of brittle pieces of rock by mutual circular rubbing movements.

A known method of grinding brittle materials, including the supply of material into the working cavity, exposure to grinding bodies and unloading of the crushed material. Grinding is carried out by direct action on the pieces of the material being ground simultaneously splitting, cutting, crushing and rubbing forces created between the movable and fixed surfaces, while the working cavity formed by them decreases along the material movement to the size of the specified size of the crushed particles, and unloading is carried out through one or several discharge slots radially. The specified particle size is regulated and determined by the formula. The device for crushing brittle materials consists of a housing with a loading pipe, a rotor with grooves on the surface, a limiter dispenser, a vertically adjustable gap to the rotor surface with a value depending on the final size of the crushed particles. The dispenser-limiter is equipped with radial discharge slots. Grooves are made on the inner surface of the housing. Between the movable surface of the rotor and the fixed housing, a working cavity decreasing in the direction of material movement is formed. The discharge slots have a calculated width depending on the final particle size, radius and number of revolutions η of the rotor. (Patent RU No. 2148434 C1. Method for grinding brittle materials. - IPC: B02C 13/10. - Published on May 10, 2000).

A drum mill is known, containing a horizontal drum mounted for rotation, on which rims and ribs are installed on the outside, at least on its part, to equalize the temperature in the drum relative to the ambient temperature, depending on the characteristics of the material being ground. A shell can be installed over the rims and/or ribs. The rims and/or ribs can be set at an angle to the axis of rotation of the mill. (Patent RU No. 2203136 C2. Drum mill. - IPC: B02C 17/00. - Published on April 27, 2003).

Known impact crusher containing a housing on the support element with shock-absorbing pads and a hopper. A drive rotor, loading, crushing and unloading chambers are placed in the housing cavity. The crushing chamber and the rotor are equipped with corrugated surfaces. The housing includes a bearing part made of steel and a part made of plastic or fabric. The enclosing part is made with the possibility of isolation from the environment. The bearing part of the body are its ends. The ends are made of two coaxially placed parallel flat disks with axial holes. The disks are rigidly connected on the outside with annular rims. The rotor is placed between the disks. The axis of the rotor is fixed in the holes of flat discs with the possibility of rotation. The rims are fixed on the support element and are symmetrically interconnected by longitudinal elements with corrugated surfaces inside. The rims interact with the corrugated surface of the rotor during crushing. The position of the rims is limitedly adjustable on the surface of the annular rim and in the radial direction. The cavity of the crusher is made with the possibility of removing dusty fractions by suction. (Patent RU No. 2552958 C1. Impact crusher. - IPC: B02C 4/10, B02C 4/28. - Published on 10.06.2015).

Known grain crusher containing a frame, an electric motor, a grinding chamber with loading and unloading windows. The grinding chamber is made in the form of a body of a cylindrical horizontal drum and two walls. The rotor with blades is located in the grinding chamber. The rotor blades are located at an angle relative to their axis with the orientation of their surfaces in the direction of rotation of the rotor. The length of the cylindrical drum is a multiple of the width of the blades. The wall of the grinding chamber opposite to the loading window is made in the form of a removable plate with a corrugated surface. The unloading window is equipped with a replaceable separating sieve (11). (Patent RU No. 2558248 C1. Grain crusher. - IPC: B02C 9/02. - Published on 27.07.2015).

The disadvantage of the known crushers is the low efficiency of their use due to the complexity of the design.

The main task to be solved by the claimed invention is to simplify the design and increase the efficiency of the use of crushers.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the use of crushers by simplifying the design and reducing the cost of maintenance and repair.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in the known method of grinding brittle pieces of rock, which consists in feeding the pieces into the grinding zone, crushing by direct action on them of crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and stationary working surfaces, which increase as the height of the grinding zone decreases in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces to a predetermined fraction size, with their exit through a screening grate, according to the proposed technical solution, the grinding of rock pieces is carried out by rolling the crushed pieces on a fixed working surface by frictional influence on them by a movable elastic corrugated working surface with additional abrasion of adjacent surfaces through friction of rolling crushed pieces rubbing against each other pieces to a predetermined size, and the crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and fixed working surfaces are set by the eccentricity of the rotation of the working surface relative to the grate of the fixed work surface and its elasticity, increasing as the height of the grinding zone decreases along the movement of the crushed pieces to a given size of the crushed fraction, while the exit of the coarse fraction is carried out by pushing through the side window in the fixed working surface at the exit from the grinding zone, and the dusty fraction formed during grinding - through the gratings of a fixed working surface in the grinding zone under the influence of centrifugal air flows created by the rotation of the movable working surface.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in the known gyro-grinding crusher, according to the first embodiment, containing an electric motor fixed on the frame and a housing consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell with a fixed working surface and a grate, and two end walls, one of which is made with a loading with a window, and the other with an unloading one, a drum placed in a housing with a horizontal axis of rotation of the shaft with a disk parallel to the shell axis, on which a rim with a corrugated movable working surface is installed on the outside, forming a grinding zone with decreasing height in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces up to given size, and the body wall opposite the loading window is made removable, loading and unloading chambers, according to the proposed technical solution,

the drum is located in the body eccentrically to the shell with the formation of a grinding zone and a decrease in its height in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces to a predetermined size and a cavity for supplying rock pieces to the grinding zone, diametrically opposite to the grinding zone, while a tire made of elastic material with a corrugated tread is fixed on the drum rim on the working surface with the possibility of frictional transmission to the crushed pieces of rotational motion under the influence of splitting and abrasive forces of elastic deformation caused by pressing into the elastic tire of the crushed pieces in the grinding zone during eccentric rotation of the drum;

the tire of the rim of the drum is made of rubberized elastic fabric or other synthetic materials with the possibility of elastic deformation;

the drum shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor by an elastic coupling with a destructive element;

the rim of the drum is connected to the spike of the drive shaft by means of a disk and a hub.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that, in the known gyro-attrition crusher, according to the second embodiment, containing an electric motor fixed on the frame and a housing consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell and two end walls, one with a loading window, and the other with an unloading one, a horizontally mounted blade rotor with a blade width corresponding to the length of the shell, with the orientation of the working surfaces in the direction of rotation of the blades, and the housing wall opposite the loading window is made removable, and the separating sieve, according to the proposed technical solution,

the bladed rotor is installed in the body of an eccentrically cylindrical shell, and the rotor blades are made flexible with corrugated working surfaces, causing the blades to bend in the grinding zone during rotation of the rotor, and touching the ends of the straight blades of the inner part of the shell opposite the grinding zone, due to eccentricity, providing curved ends of the elastic blades frictional transmission of circular motion to the rolled crushed pieces by the action of splitting and abrading forces, while the shell in the grinding zone is made with a grate separating the crushed pieces into fractions;

the blades are made of rubberized fabric or other synthetic materials, or from links of chains fixed with their ends on flat rods installed in the rotor with an inclination in the direction of rotation of the bladed rotor;

the rotor shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor by an elastic coupling with a destructive element.

The analysis of the prior art provided by the applicant made it possible to establish that there are no analogues characterized by sets of features identical to all the features of the claimed method of crushing brittle pieces of rock and variants of a gyro-grinding crusher for its implementation. Therefore, the claimed technical solutions meet the condition of patentability "novelty".

The results of the search for known solutions in this field of technology in order to identify features that match the features of the proposed technical solution that are distinctive from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. From the level of technology determined by the applicant, the influence of the transformation provided for by the essential features of the claimed technical solution on the achievement of the specified technical result has not been revealed. Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed technical solutions have been tested and can be implemented in industry. Therefore, the claimed method of crushing brittle pieces of rock and variants of a gyroscope crusher for its implementation correspond to the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a gyro crusher with a drum; in fig. 2 is the same, side view with the front side wall removed in FIG. one; in fig. 3 - the same, with a bladed rotor; in fig. 4 is the same, side view with the front side wall removed in FIG. 3.

The essence of the method of crushing brittle pieces of rock is to supply pieces of rock to the grinding zone, crushing and abrasion of their surfaces by direct action on them of crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and stationary working surfaces in the course of rolling the crushed pieces in the grinding zone to a given fraction size, with the release of a dusty fraction through a screening grate in a fixed working surface. The crushing of rock pieces is carried out by rolling the crushed pieces over a fixed working surface by frictional action on them by a movable elastic corrugated working surface with additional abrasion of adjacent surfaces by friction of rolling crushed pieces rubbing against each other to a predetermined fineness. Crushing and abrading forces of the movable and fixed working surfaces are set by the eccentricity of the rotation of the working surface relative to the lattice of the fixed working surface and its elasticity, which increase as the height of the grinding zone decreases along the movement of the crushed pieces to a given fineness of the crushed fraction by the eccentricity value. The exit of the coarse fraction is carried out by ejection through the side window in the fixed working surface at the exit from the grinding zone, and the dusty fraction formed during grinding through the gratings of the fixed working surface in the grinding zone under the influence of centrifugal air flows created by the rotation of the movable working surface.

The design of the gyro-attrition crusher for the implementation of this method, according to the first version, contains a frame 1 on which an electric motor 2 and a housing 3 are fixed, consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell 4 with a grate 5, a rear end wall 6 with a loading window 7 and a front removable end wall 8 with an unloading window 9 placed in the body cavity 3 drum 10 with a horizontal axis of rotation by a drive shaft 11 from an electric motor 2. parallel to the shell axis 4. passed through a hole with a cuff in the rear end wall 6, a loading hopper 12 with a gate 13, an unloading pipe 14 for a large fraction of crushed pieces of rock and a funnel 15 for removing the dusty fraction. (Fig. 1). The drum 10 consists of a disk 16. fixed on the hub 17, fixed with a key 18 on the spike of the drive shaft 11. On the disk 16, a rim 19 is fixed with a tire 20 made of elastic material with a corrugated tread on the working surface, forming a grinding zone with the shell 4 and the grate 5 21 with a decrease in height in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces 22 to a predetermined size of grinding. The drum 10 is located in the housing 3 eccentrically to the shell 4 by the amount of eccentricity ε with the formation of a grinding zone 21 with a decrease in its height in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces 22 to a given size of the fraction and a cavity 23 for supplying pieces of rock for grinding, diametrically opposite to the grinding zone 21, with the possibility frictional transmission to the rolled crushed pieces 22 of the rotational movement under the influence of splitting and abrading forces of the elastic deformation of the elastic tire 20 caused by the pressing of the crushed pieces into it during the eccentric rotation of the drum 10. (Fig. 2). The tire 20 is made of a rubberized elastic fabric or other resiliently deformable synthetic materials. The drive shaft 11 of the drum 10 is installed in the bearing assembly 24, fixed on the rear end wall 6, and connected to the motor shaft 2 by an elastic coupling 25 with a destructive element, closed by a casing 26.

The design of the gyro-attrition crusher for implementing this method, according to the second version, contains a frame 1 on which an electric motor 2 and a housing 3 are fixed, consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell 4 with a grate 5, a rear end wall 6 with a loading window 7 and a front removable end wall 8 with an unloading window 9, placed in the cavity of the housing 3, a horizontally located bladed rotor 27 with a width of blades 28 corresponding to the length of the shell 4, with the orientation of the working surfaces in the direction of rotation of the bladed rotor 27 with a horizontal axis of rotation by the drive shaft 11 from the electric motor 2, parallel to the axis of the shell 4, passed through a hole with a cuff in the rear end wall 6, a loading hopper 12 with a gate 13, an unloading pipe 14 for a coarse fraction of crushed pieces of rock and a funnel 15 for removing the dusty fraction. (Fig. 3). The bladed rotor is located in the body 3 eccentrically to the cylindrical shell 4 by the value ε with the formation of a grinding zone 21. The blades 28 are made flexible with corrugated working surfaces, causing the rotation of the rotor 27 to bend the blades 28 in the grinding zone 21, and touching the ends of the straight blades 28 of the inner part of the shell 4, opposite the grinding zone 21, due to the eccentricity ε, providing the curved elastic ends of the flexible blades 28 with frictional transmission of circular motion to the rolled crushed pieces 22 in their grinding zone 21 with the action of splitting and abrading compression forces by the curved ends of the flexible blades 28 during the rotation of the bladed rotor 27. (Fig. 4). The blades 28 are made of rubberized fabric or other synthetic materials, or from chain links, and are fixed with their ends on flat rods 29 installed in the hub 17 of the rotor 27 with an inclination in the direction of rotation, fixed with a key 18 on the protrusion of the drive shaft 11. The drive shaft 11 of the bladed rotor 27 is installed in the bearing assembly 24, fixed on the rear end wall 6, and connected to the motor shaft 2 by an elastic coupling 25 with a destructive element, closed by a casing 26.

The method of crushing brittle pieces of rock is carried out on the example of the operation of gyro-grinding crushers.

Gyro crusher, in the first embodiment, operates as follows.

The electric motor 2 is put into operation, which, through the elastic coupling 25 with a destructive element, closed by the casing 26, and the drive shaft 11, installed in the bearing assembly 24, imparts rotation to the drum 10, displaced relative to the cavity of the housing 2 in the direction of the grinding zone 21 by the amount of eccentricity ε. After turning on the electric motor 2 in the power supply network on the loading hopper 12, the gate 13 is opened and fragile pieces of rock are loaded into the hopper 12, which enter through the dosing window 7 in the rear end wall 6 into the cavity 23 for the subsequent supply of pieces of rock to the grinding zone 21, where they fall under direct impact of crushing and abrading forces of the rotating working surface of the drum 10 with a rim 19 fixed on the disk 16 with a tire 20 fixed on it made of elastic material with a corrugated tread on the working surface, and crushed by frictional rolling of the crushed pieces along the fixed working surface of the shell 4 with a grate 5 with additional abrasion of adjacent surfaces due to friction between rolling crushed pieces rubbing against each other to a given grinding size, and moving along the inner corrugated surface of the shell 4 with a grate 5 in the grinding zone 21 until they reach the unloading window 9. and this formed pulverized fraction is sieved through the grate 5 in the working surface of the shell 4 and enters the funnel 15, and a large fraction of the crushed pieces of rock continues to move inside the grinding chamber 21, being crushed to the required size, and outside the grinding zone 21 is pushed out through the unloading window 9 the front end wall 8 and the discharge pipe 14 into the storage tank or to the consumer.

Gyro crusher, in the second embodiment, operates as follows.

The electric motor 2 is put into operation, which, through the elastic coupling 25 with a destructive element, closed by the casing 26, and the drive shaft 11, installed in the bearing assembly 24, imparts rotation to the bladed rotor 27 with flexible blades 28 mounted on it, displaced relative to the cavity of the housing 2 in the direction grinding zone 21 by the value of eccentricity ε. After turning on the electric motor 2 on the loading hopper 12, the gate 13 is opened and fragile pieces of rock 22 are loaded into the hopper 12, which, under their own weight, through the loading dosing window 7 in the rear end wall 6 enter the cavity 23, where they fall under the blows of the rotating flexible blades 28, from which pieces of rock 22 fly off onto the corrugated working surface of the shell 4 and are pressed by the corrugated surface of the working surface of the flexible blades 28. Further, under the direct impact on the pieces of rock 22 splitting and rubbing forces by the movable corrugated working surface of the rotating bent ends of the blades 28 by frictional rolling of the crushed pieces 22 over the fixed of the working corrugated surface of the shell 4 with a decrease in the height of the grinding zone 21 in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces 22 to a given fraction size simultaneously with the abrasion of the adjacent surfaces of the rolled pieces rubbing against each other 22. The impact of splitting and grinding forces on the grinder the pieces of rock 22 are produced by bending the free ends of the blades 28 due to the displacement of the bladed rotor 27 in the direction of the fixed working surface of the grinding zone 21 by the value of the eccentricity ε and the centrifugal forces created by the free ends of the rotating flexible blades 28 depending on their mass and rotational speed. Thus, pieces of rock 22 move in the grinding zone 21 around the inner corrugated surface of the shell 4 and are exposed to the corrugated working surface of the curved ends of the elastic blades 28 and the corrugated working surface of the shell 4 with the grate 5, being crushed to a predetermined fraction size until they reach the unloading window 9. At the same time, the formed dusty fraction is sieved through the grate 5 in the working surface of the shell 4 and enters the funnel 15 under the influence of centrifugal air flow injected by the blades 28, and the large fraction of the crushed pieces of rock continues to move inside the grinding chamber 21, being crushed to the required size fraction, and outside the grinding zone 21 is pushed out due to inertial forces through the unloading window 9 of the front end wall 8 and the unloading pipe 14 into the storage tank.

The use of the proposed technology for grinding brittle pieces of rock on the proposed designs of a gyro crusher will improve the efficiency of crushing by simplifying their design, as well as reducing the unit costs for maintenance and repair of crushers.

Claims (8)

1. The method of crushing brittle pieces of rock, which consists in feeding the pieces into the grinding zone, crushing by direct action on them of crushing and abrasive forces of the movable and fixed working surfaces, which increase as the height of the grinding zone decreases in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces to a given fraction size, with the output them through a screening grate, characterized in that the grinding of rock pieces is carried out by rolling the crushed pieces over a fixed working surface by frictional action on them by a movable elastic corrugated working surface with additional abrasion of adjacent surfaces by friction of rolling crushed pieces rubbing together to a given size, moreover, crushing and abrading the efforts of the movable and fixed working surfaces are set by the eccentricity of the rotation of the working surface relative to the lattice of the fixed working surface and its elasticity, which increase as the height of the zone decreases in the course of movement of the crushed pieces to a given size of the crushed fraction, while the exit of the coarse fraction is carried out by pushing through the side window in the fixed working surface at the outlet of the grinding zone, and the dusty fraction formed during grinding through the gratings of the fixed working surface in the grinding zone under exposure to centrifugal air flows created by the rotation of a movable working surface. 2. A gyratory crusher for carrying out the method according to claim 1, containing an electric motor and a body fixed to the frame, consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell with a fixed working surface and a grate and two end walls, one with a loading window, and the other with an unloading , a drum placed in a housing with a horizontal axis of rotation of the shaft and a disk parallel to the axis of the shell, on which a rim with a corrugated movable working surface is installed on the outside, forming a grinding zone with a decrease in height in the direction of movement of the crushed pieces to a given fineness, and the wall of the housing, opposite to the loading window, a removable, loading and unloading chamber is made, characterized in that the drum is located in the body eccentrically to the shell with the formation of a grinding zone and a decrease in its height along the movement of the crushed pieces to a given size and a cavity for supplying rock pieces to the grinding zone, diameter but opposite to the grinding zone, while on the rim of the drum there is a tire made of elastic material with a corrugated tread on the working surface with the possibility of frictional transmission to the crushed pieces of rotational motion under the influence of splitting and abrasive forces of elastic deformation caused by pressing into the elastic tire of the crushed pieces in the grinding zone at eccentric drum rotation. 3. Crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the tire of the drum rim is made of rubberized elastic fabric or synthetic materials with the possibility of elastic deformation. 4. Crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the drum shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor by an elastic coupling with a destructive element. 5. Crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that the drum rim is connected to the drive shaft spike by means of a disk and a hub. 6. A gyratory crusher for carrying out the method according to claim 1, containing an electric motor mounted on the frame and a housing consisting of a cylindrical horizontally located shell and two end walls, one with a loading window, and the other with an unloading, horizontally mounted bladed rotor with a width blades corresponding to the length of the shell, with the orientation of the working surfaces in the direction of rotation of the blades, and the wall of the housing opposite the loading window is made removable, and the separating sieve, characterized in that the bladed rotor is installed in the housing of an eccentrically cylindrical shell, and the rotor blades are made flexible with corrugated working surfaces, causing, during rotation of the rotor, bending of the blades in the grinding zone and touching the ends of the straight blades of the inner part of the shell opposite the grinding zone, due to eccentricity, providing the friction transmission of the circular motion with the curved ends of the elastic blades crushed pieces by the action of splitting and abrading forces, while the shell in the grinding zone is made with a grate that separates the crushed pieces into fractions. 7. The crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that the blades are made of rubberized fabric or synthetic materials or from chain links fixed at their ends on flat rods installed in the rotor with an inclination in the direction of rotation of the bladed rotor. 8. Crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that the rotor shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the electric motor by an elastic coupling with a destructive element.

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