RU2760106C1 - Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles and its elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control systems in vehicles, mainly in road vehicles and railway rolling stock, etc., and to their main elements. The automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in vehicles includes sensors that control the fire-hazardous parameters of the protected environment, fire extinguishing actuators, at least one control and indication unit with a display and at least one control and management unit connected to it, which in turn is additionally connected to at least one local control unit, and a voice warning unit. Moreover, each control and control unit is designed with the ability to independently make a decision on the launch of fire extinguishing actuators, regardless of the control and indication unit. At the same time, each control and indication unit, control and management unit, as well as each local control unit are made with the possibility of communication between them via digital communication lines using the CAN interface. The system additionally contains at least one CAN interface switch for transmitting information to the vehicle control system, while the voice notification unit is located in the housing of the control and indication unit. A control and indication unit for this system is also proposed.EFFECT: expansion of the arsenal of automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control systems in mobile vehicles and its elements that ensure the maximum possible reliability of fire extinguishing means in the automatic and manual modes of fire extinguishing device control, as well as an increase in the probability of extinguishing a fire that has arisen on the rolling stock, in case of emergency and other situations, including the decoupling of a train.18 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to automatic systems for fire alarm and fire extinguishing control in any vehicles, mainly in the rolling stock of automobile or rail transport: in railway trains, in subway rolling stock, monorail vehicles, etc., and to their main elements.

Also known is "The system of fire alarm and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles" (RF patent No. 39832, publ. 20.08.2004). This technical solution refers to automatic systems designed for the organization of automatic fire alarm and control of fire extinguishing installations in cars, trolleybuses, tractors, armored vehicles, self-propelled, construction and agricultural equipment. The known automatic system includes a fire sensor made in the form of a linear heat detector, a control unit connected to a device for light and sound indication of a fire, with executive fire extinguishing means and a unit for activating them, the control unit contains an information collection device, a control device for all system components and a memory unit events, while the control unit is directly connected to the fire sensors and to the vehicle engine start system, and is also configured to switch to manual automatic control mode of the fire extinguishing actuators when the vehicle engine is on.

Through the use of linear heat detectors, the known system provides a reliable degree of probability of fire detection, regardless of the type of vehicle, its speed and weather conditions.

Since the control unit is connected to the vehicle engine starting system with an automatic transition to the manual mode of turning on the executive fire extinguishing means, it is possible to evacuate passengers before turning on the fire extinguishing means.

However, a number of reasons impede the possibility of using the known system in conditions of traction rolling stock of railway transport, suburban trains and metro rolling stock, where it is required to ensure the highest possible reliability of fire extinguishing equipment operation and monitoring the state of a fire hazardous situation. These reasons include:

- the ability to use only linear thermal sensors;

- the system is not provided with duplication of communication lines;

- there is only one extinguishing stage in the system.

The closest technical solution (prototype) to the proposed group of inventions is the system and its elements, disclosed in RF patent No. 74077, publ. 06/20/2008. The known system contains sensors that control the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment, control units, data collection and memory, a control device, light and sound indication, fire extinguishing actuators, and is configured to operate in both automatic and manual control modes. Moreover, the function of control units, collection of information and memory, control devices, as well as light and sound indication is performed by the control and indication unit and at least one control and control unit connected to it, which in turn is additionally connected at least , with one local control unit capable of converting signals and transmitting signals, both from the sensors and to the actuators. In this case, the control and display unit, as well as the monitoring and control unit are made with the possibility of communication between them by means of an (intersectional) two-wire data transmission line, and each local control unit and the corresponding control and control unit are made with the possibility of communication between them by means of two consecutive multiplex communication channels. This system provides high reliability of fire extinguishing equipment operation in automatic and manual modes of fire extinguishing devices control.

The control and indication unit of the known system contains a housing in which a central processor module is located, connected to the display and input-output modules for exchanging information with system components and external devices, an indication module, a keyboard module, a buzzer, a radio interface module, an archive storage module , a power supply module that includes the main and backup independent power supply inputs.

The proposed automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles is an alternative solution to the prototype.

The task to be solved by the proposed group of inventions is to expand the arsenal of automatic fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles and its elements that ensure the maximum possible reliability of fire extinguishing equipment operation in automatic and manual modes of control of fire extinguishing devices.

The technical result consists in the implementation of the purposes of the inventions of the group.

An additional technical result of the proposed group of inventions is to increase the likelihood of extinguishing a fire that has arisen on the rolling stock in the event of emergencies and other situations, including a break in the train.

To solve the problem and ensure the technical result, an automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles is proposed, including sensors that monitor the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment, fire extinguishing actuators, at least one control and display unit with a display and at least one connected to it one monitoring and control unit, which in turn is additionally connected with at least one local monitoring unit, and a voice announcement unit. Moreover, each monitoring and control unit is made with the ability to independently make a decision on the launch of the executive fire extinguishing means, regardless of the control and display unit. In this case, each control and display unit, a control and management unit, as well as each local control unit are made with the possibility of communication between them via digital communication lines using the CAN interface, the system additionally contains at least one CAN interface switch for transmitting information to the transport management system. means, while the voice announcement unit is located in the housing of the control and display unit.

The system is designed to operate in both automatic and manual control modes.

The number of control and display units corresponds to the number of driver's cabs in the mobile vehicle.

The control and display unit is made with the possibility of connecting a computer to it.

The number of monitoring and control units corresponds to the number of protected wagons (sections) of the vehicle.

The number of local control units corresponds to the number of control zones in the carriage (section) of the vehicle.

The voice announcement unit is configured to generate and issue messages to the radio station and through the speaker.

The system is equipped with executive fire extinguishing means in the amount that provides the main and reserve extinguishing stages.

To ensure the possibility of functioning in manual mode, the system is equipped with a control panel for manual start of the fire extinguishing means of the main and reserve queues.

The remote control for manual start of the fire extinguishing means is installed on the outer side of the car or section of the vehicle.

The system is equipped with a device for autonomous start-up of executive fire extinguishing means of the main stage.

The autonomous starting device includes a voltage converter, at least one signal-triggering device connected through the relay of the monitoring and control unit to the constant-readiness power supply device, which in turn is connected through the corresponding relay of the monitoring and control unit with the fire extinguishing agent.

The system is designed with the ability to use both digital, including multi-criteria digital sensors, and analog sensors that monitor the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment.

The system is designed to be connected to the main and backup power supplies.

A control and indication unit for an automatic fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles is also proposed, containing a housing in which a central processor module is located, connected to a display and input-output modules for exchanging information with system components and external devices, an indication module, keypad module, buzzer, radio interface module, archive storage module, power module including the main and backup independent power supply inputs. The control and display unit is configured to communicate via input-output modules with monitoring and control units, as well as with a CAN interface switch of an automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing system, via communication lines using the CAN interface, while a voice announcement unit is additionally located in the housing and a port expansion module associated with the CPU module.

The voice announcement unit is connected to the radio station interface module and to the speaker located in the wall of the control and display unit housing.

In the case of the control and display unit, there is at least one connector for connecting a storage device.

The display of the control and indication unit is made liquid crystal and with the possibility of heating.

The proposed system is designed for continuous operation both in the mode of monitoring the state of the situation, and in the mode of automatic or manual control of fire extinguishing means, while the system is able to determine and warn about the likelihood of a "fire hazardous situation". The system can provide for two stages of extinguishing - the main one and the reserve one.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of an automatic fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles using the example of a train with one intermediate carriage.

FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the control and display unit.

The automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles contains sensors that monitor the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment, while digital sensors, including multi-criteria digital sensors, made with two or more fire detection channels based on different detection principles can be used as sensors 1 or fire detection by various factors (heat, flame, visible combustion products (smoke), microparticles (aerosols), gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen), analog sensors, as well as smoke, thermal digital and thermal linear sensors, combined , manual and others; executive fire extinguishing means 2 (ISP), local control units 3 (LBK) in an amount from one to "n" by the number of control zones, control and management units 4 (BKU), the number of which corresponds to the number of protected cars (head 6 and intermediate 7) or other elements of the rolling stock, at least one block control and display 5 (BKI), the number of which corresponds to the number of driver's cabs in the head car 6 or in an element of the rolling stock of another type of vehicle. The system is made with the ability to control the tightness of the protected compartments, while limit switches are connected to the LBC units to notify the operator about the opening of the doors.

Each BKU 4 monitors the state of all LBK 3, is capable of receiving and functional analysis of signals about the situation in the protected compartments, monitoring and testing the connected system components, and is also capable of independently making a decision on starting the fire extinguishing means regardless of the control and display unit, and issue commands to the LBK 3 to launch the executive fire extinguishing means 2. Each BKU 4 can be configured to enter and store information about events in the non-volatile memory.

Each BKI 5 is designed to be displayed on the display and issued to the operator (driver) of all information received from the components of the system with the definition of the types of events, the place of their occurrence, indicating the numbers of cars and protected compartments, entering and storing information about events in the archive storage module (non-volatile memory) , light and sound notification of the operator about an emergency situation, as well as control of the process of starting the executive fire extinguishing means. At the same time, BKI 5 is capable of monitoring and testing all components of the system. The control and display unit 5 contains a housing 8, in which a central processor module 9 is located, connected to the display 10 and input-output modules 11 for exchanging information with system components and external devices, an indication module 12, a keyboard module 13, a buzzer 14, an interface module with radio station 15, archive storage module 16, power module 17, including the main and backup independent power supply inputs. The control and display unit 5 is configured to communicate through the input-output modules 11 with the control and management units 4, as well as with the CAN interface switch (not shown) of the automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing system, via communication lines using the CAN interface, while the housing 8 additionally accommodates a voice announcement unit (BRO) 18 connected to the central processor module 9 and a port expansion module 19, which consists of several microcircuits (address registers).

The display 10 of the control and indication unit 5 is made liquid crystal and with the possibility of heating for the possibility of reliable operation of the system at low temperatures. The voice announcement unit 18 is connected to the interface module with the radio station 15 and to the speaker (not shown) located in the wall of the control and display unit housing 5. The control and display unit 5 housing 8 has at least one connector for connecting a storage device, for example, USB flash drive or microSD memory card for recording event archive.

For communication with external devices (computers, devices, executive equipment) and information exchange with the components of the automatic fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, the control and display unit 5 provides input-output modules 11 using communication interfaces, for example, wired: CAN, Ethernet, RS-485, USB OTG and wireless: WI-FI, Bluetooth, LTE GPRS, providing data exchange, communication with other system components, as well as the ability to collect data and maintain the system.

The voice announcement unit 18 is connected to the module for interfacing with the radio station 15 and is configured to transmit data, as well as generate and issue a message both through the radio station and to the speaker located in the wall of the BKI 5 housing in the driver's cab, while the message can also be transmitted to an electronic computer connected to BKI 5. Placing the voice announcement unit 18 in the same building 8 with the BKI 5 increases the reliability of the system by reducing the number of individual units.

In essence, the BKI is a microcomputer device with the ability to easily adapt to new requirements and the ability to expand its functions.

The main blocks of the system are interconnected by means of communication lines using the CAN interface, which, in the case of the rolling stock of rail transport, can be subdivided into inter-car and intra-car ones. The intra-car CAN communication line is made, for example, in the form of a four-wire communication line, and is designed to transfer information between the BKU and all LBC connected to it. The inter-car communication line is made, for example, in the form of a two-wire communication line (shielded twisted pair) and is intended for transferring information between the BKI and all BKUs of the system, as well as between the BKI and the associated CAN interface switches. The CAN interface is characterized by a protocol that provides real-time data transmission and error correction with high noise immunity.

In the system, on each communication line, at least one energy absorber (resistor - terminator or matched load) is provided, the resistance of which is equal to the characteristic impedance of this line. A terminating resistor can be installed in the BKI.

The proposed system automatically monitors the health of digital communication lines using the CAN interface for communication failure, the serviceability of communication lines of the executive fire extinguishing means for open and short circuit, serviceability of the fire alarm loop for open and short circuit. The system automatically detects new BKU and BKI units when they are connected to the inter-car communication line using the CAN interface, and loads the LBC units configuration. For the system to work correctly, the addresses of all units in the CAN communication line must be unique. The system is a recoverable, serviceable, multi-functional reusable system.

In addition, the system includes a remote control for manual start of the fire extinguishing means of the main and reserve queues, which is preferably installed on the outside of the carriage. Power to the system blocks is supplied from the on-board network through a voltage converter connected to the BKU block.

The proposed system can be supplemented with an autonomous starting device, consisting of at least one signaling and starting device, which, through the relay of the monitoring and control unit, is connected to the constant readiness power supply device, which in turn, through the corresponding relay of the monitoring and control unit, is connected to the executive fire extinguishing means, which provides the ability to automatically control the main line of executive fire extinguishing means in an autonomous mode. In addition, the proposed system can be connected via an uninterruptible power supply to the main and backup (not shown in the figure) power supplies. The system is designed with the ability to turn off the technological equipment of the vehicle before the ICP is triggered.

All blocks of the system (BKI, BKU and LBK) are made with the possibility of self-diagnostics, the results of which are recorded in the archive and, if necessary, displayed on the BKI screen, which allows timely identification and elimination of malfunctions.

The system works as follows.

After turning on the power and completing the self-diagnostic tests, the system enters one of 3 modes, which is set by the configuration:

1) Automatic mode;

2) Manual mode;

3) Automatic mode with the ability to switch to manual mode.

In automatic mode, in the event of a fire in any area of the vehicle, the signal about exceeding the threshold value of the air temperature in this area is recorded by sensors, for example, multi-criteria digital sensors 1 (at least two), the signal from the sensors goes to the local control unit 3, which transmits it to the monitoring and control unit 4. The latter transmits a signal to the control and display unit 5 and to the voice notification unit, and starts the countdown to start the ISP 2 of the main stage. The control and indication unit 5 saves the message about the fire in the archive and / or transmits it to the computer. The voice warning unit generates a fire message and transmits it through a radio station to the dispatcher's console and / or through a speaker located in the wall of the BKI 5 housing to the driver. If, within 10 seconds from the start of counting, at least two sensors 1 in the extinguishing zone continue to record the air temperature above the threshold value, and no messages or additional commands are received from BKI 5, then BKU 4 independently issues a command to start the main queue of ISP 2 in the control zone ... In this case, in the event of an emergency or other situation, for example, when the head car 6 has been detached, the monitoring and control unit 4 also independently decides to launch the fire extinguishing actuators and issues a command to the LBC 3 to launch the fire extinguishing actuators 2.

Upon the command received, LBC 3 of the control zone launches the main line of ISP 2 by giving an impulse (signal). After that, LBC 3 monitors the state of the ISP 2 activators and transmits to the BKU 4 an information message about confirmation (or not confirmation) of the ISP 2 start. If the ISP 2 start is confirmed, the BKU 4 waits for messages about a change in the temperature regime in the extinguishing zone. In the absence of messages from LBC 3 about a change in the temperature regime in the extinguishing zone or if there are two or more temperature sensors 1 at the end of the waiting time for the extinguishing result, recording the excess of the temperature threshold value, the ISP 2 of the reserve queue in the extinguishing zone is activated.

In addition, when the system is operating in automatic mode, it is possible to autonomously launch the main line of ISP 2.

In manual mode, the operator makes a decision to extinguish the fire when receiving information through the BKI.

In automatic mode, with the possibility of switching to the manual system, it allows the operator to stop the countdown of the start of the fire extinguishing equipment and manually start it. It is also possible to switch from automatic to manual or vice versa. The transition from manual to automatic mode during and after a fire hazard situation is not possible (until the power is turned off).

The proposed system has been successfully tested in accordance with GOST 15.201-2000 "System for the development and launch of products for production" and OST 32.181-2001 "Procedure for ordering, developing, putting into production, testing and disposal of railway equipment", as well as checking the system's performance in automatic and manual modes of operation, and showed 100% operation. At the same time, the results of testing the fire extinguishing ability showed that the system provides fire extinguishing without using the ISP backup queue.

The proposed automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles is one of the most reliable systems of this type, it ensures stable operation even in the most extreme conditions, as well as in case of partial damage to interconnects. The system is robust and flexible. The system provides for the possibility of analyzing the causes of a fire, the probability of false alarms is reduced, and the operator is informed about a possible fire.

Claims (18)

1. An automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system in mobile vehicles, containing sensors that monitor the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment, executive fire extinguishing means, at least one control and display unit with a display and at least one monitoring and control unit connected to it, which, in turn, is additionally connected with at least one local control unit, and a voice notification unit, characterized in that each control and control unit is configured to independently make a decision on starting the fire extinguishing means independently of the control and display unit, while each the monitoring and display unit, the monitoring and control unit, as well as each local monitoring unit are made with the possibility of communication between them via digital communication lines using the CAN interface, the system contains at least one CAN interface switch for transmitting information to the transport control system ortny means, while the voice notification unit is located in the body of the control and display unit. 2. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to operate in both automatic and manual control modes. 3. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of control and display units corresponds to the number of driver's cabins in the mobile vehicle. 4. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control and display unit is configured to connect a computer to it. 5. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of monitoring and control units corresponds to the number of protected wagons (sections) of the vehicle. 6. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of local control units corresponds to the number of control zones in a carriage or section of a vehicle. 7. The automatic system of claim. 1, characterized in that the voice announcement unit is configured to generate and issue messages to the radio station and through the speaker. 8. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with executive fire extinguishing means in an amount that provides the main and reserve extinguishing queue. 9. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that to ensure the possibility of functioning in manual mode, it is equipped with a control panel for manual start of the fire extinguishing agents of the main and reserve queue. 10. The automatic system according to claim 9, characterized in that the control panel for manual start of the fire extinguishing means is installed on the outer side of the car (section) of the vehicle. 11. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for autonomous starting of the fire extinguishing means of the main stage. 12. The automatic system according to claim 11, characterized in that the autonomous starting device includes a voltage converter, at least one signal-starting device connected through a relay of the monitoring and control unit with a constant readiness power supply device, which in turn is connected through a corresponding monitoring and control unit relay with fire extinguishing actuator. 13. The automatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of using both digital, including multicriteria digital sensors, and analog sensors that control the fire hazard parameters of the protected environment. 14. The automatic system of claim. 1, characterized in that it is made with the ability to connect to the main and backup power sources. 15. A control and display unit for an automatic fire alarm system and fire extinguishing control in mobile vehicles, containing a housing in which a central processor module is located, associated with input-output modules for exchanging information with system components and external devices and a display, an indication module, keypad module, buzzer, radio interface module, archive storage module, power module including main and backup independent power supply inputs, characterized in that it is configured to communicate via input-output modules with monitoring and control units, as well as with a CAN interface switch automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing control system, via communication lines using the CAN interface, while the housing additionally houses a voice announcement unit and a port expansion module connected to the central processor module. 16. The control and indication unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the voice announcement unit is connected to the radio station interface module and to the speaker located in the wall of the control and indication unit housing. 17. The control and display unit according to claim 15, characterized in that at least one connector for connecting a storage device is made in the housing. 18. The control and indication unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the display of the control and indication unit is made liquid crystal and with the possibility of heating.

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