RU2759516C1 - Technological line for the preparation of roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological lines.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to a technological line for the preparation of root and tuber crops, which has devices for washing and grinding raw materials. The technological line consists of a drum washing of root and tuber crops and a drum grinder installed in the technological sequence. The drum washer has a fixed drop-shaped body, a movable drum of a bar structure, a loading grooved chute, a water trough with a mud hatch, a shutter and a chain-slat conveyor. Fixed blades are fixed on the inner surface of the body. In the lower part of the chain-slat conveyor there is a lattice bottom. The drum shredder has a casing with loading and unloading necks, a vertical cutting drum, consisting of stationary annular knives. The cutting drum is attached to the casing with eight studs. Two pressing rollers are installed on the drum shaft on two rigidly fixed carriers. Each drum has the ability to independently move along the axis of rotation of the carrier in the through grooves. Combs symmetrically positioned in relation to each other are attached to the carriers. The drum washer is connected to the drum grinder by means of a chain-slat conveyor.

EFFECT: use of the inventions group will expand the technological capabilities of the line, as well as improve the quality of the finished product.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for washing and grinding root and tuber crops used in technological lines for the preparation of feed on livestock farms and complexes.

Known device (see and.with. No. 171212 USSR, IPC A01f) for washing and crushing root and tuber crops, containing a screw sink and a removable knife frame, placed in the unloading window and made in the form of a body obliquely mounted on the frame, in which the auger is located, consisting two-piece.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of the screw design, a decrease in operational reliability as a result of foreign mechanical impurities entering the transportation and grinding zone, and an increased energy consumption of the cutting process.

There is a known machine (see AS No. 125452 USSR) for washing and crushing root crops, containing a receiving table with sides, a sink in the form of an inclined screw, above which there are perforated pipes through which water is supplied to the roots moved by it, a lattice chute with a casing , scraper conveyor and disc cutter.

The disadvantages of this machine are the complexity and unreliability of the design, the lack of adjustment of the inter-knife space (cutting thickness) and over-grinding of root crops, which will lead to abundant juice production and loss of their taste properties.

As a prototype, a device for washing root and tuber crops (see AS No. 660657 USSR) was selected, including a drum divided into alternating sections - injection and exhaust, having holes located along the circumference of the drum and blades installed along one of the edges of the holes, under angle to the surface of the drum, while the blades of the injection sections are directed towards the rotation of the drum, and the blades of the exhaust sections are directed towards the rotation of the drum.

The disadvantages of this machine are the complexity of the design and the unreliability of work in the process of unloading the washed root and tuber crops, as well as the laboriousness of adjusting each section.

The technical task is to expand the technological capabilities of the proposed line, simplify the design while increasing the reliability and quality of the operations performed, as well as increasing the productivity and reducing the energy consumption of the process of preparing root and tuber crops.

FIG. 1 shows the technological line for the preparation of root tubers, general view; figure 2 is a section a-a in figure 1; in fig. 3 - view A in figure 1.

To solve this technical problem, the design of the technological line is proposed, which consists of a drum washing of roots and tubers and a drum grinder.

On the frame 1 of the sink at an angle to the horizontal surface there is a fixed body 2 of a drop-shaped shape, a movable drum 3 of a bar structure driven by a gear motor 4 , a loading grooved chute 5 , a trough 6 for water with a mud hatch 7 , a shutter 8 and a chain-slat conveyor 9 . On the inner surface of the housing 2, in its upper part, fixed blades 10 are rigidly staggered, which during the washing process contributes to the creation of a change in the intensity of the water flow. Drum 3 rotates on shaft 11 on two bearings. A manually operated shutter 8 prevents water from splashing out of the drum and allows you to regulate the supply of washed root and tuber crops to the chain-slat conveyor 9 . The chain-slat conveyor has a separate drive (not shown in the figure), and in its lower part there is a lattice bottom 12 , which facilitates the passage of impurities remaining after washing and their settling to the bottom of the trough 6 . The body of the chain-slat conveyor 9 is rigidly attached to the body 2 at an angle that facilitates the movement of root crops without rolling over its scrapers.

The drum shredder consists of a casing13 with bootfourteen and unloading15 necks. Inside the casing13 the vertical cutting drum is fixedly mounted16, consisting of fixed circular knives, spaced relative to each other at a distance corresponding to zootechnical requirements. Cutting drum16 fasten to the casing13 with eight pins17located relative to each other at an angle of 45 ° and ensuring their alignment. The degree of crushing of root and tuber crops is regulated by installing a replaceable block of circular knives of the cutting drum16 with different distances between them. Through the center of the cutting drum16 the shaft passeseighteenfreely rotating in bearing assemblies located in the casing13... On the shafteighteen on two rigidly fixed carriers19two pressing rollers are arranged symmetrically to each othertwenty, each of which has the ability to independently move along the axis of rotation of the carrier in the through grooves and rotate in the bearing assemblies. To the carriers19 the combs symmetrically located in relation to each other are bolted21,intended for pushing crushed root and tuber crops22 through circular knives and simultaneous cleaning of the inter-knife space of the cutting drum16... Adjusting the gap between the cutting drum16 and every rollertwenty carried out through observation windows23,located symmetrically on both sides of the casing13 using an adjusting device consisting of two union bolts24, four nuts25 and two brackets26... Shaft driveeighteen, drove19 with adjusting devices and pressing rollerstwenty carried out by a geared motor27 through the safety clutch28... The gear motor is attached to the bed29 bolts.

The technological line works as follows.

The gate 8 is preliminarily closed, the inner space of the drum is filled up to the middle through the loading chute 5 with root crops and water from the treatment system (not shown in the figure) and drives 4 and 27 are switched on. and the jets of water arising from the interaction of the rotating bar drum 3 with the blades 10 located on the inner surface of the housing 2 lead to a change in the intensity of the water flow, the all-round washing of the product in less time, and dirt and heavy impurities descend along the inclined plane of the trough 6 to the mud hatch 7 Open the shutter 8. The roots and tubers washed in the drum washing through the loading mouth 14 enter the inner cavity of the stationary cutting drum 16 , where, under the action of their own gravity, they roll into its lower part, are pinched between the knife grate and the rollers 20 and are pushed through through it. The finished product in the form of plates with a thickness corresponding to zootechnical requirements under the action of the combs 21 and their own weight is discharged through the unloading mouth 15 of the drum grinder.

This design of the drum washing allows you to get a high quality washing with the lowest energy and water consumption, and the proposed scheme of the drum grinder operation allows you to obtain plates that meet zootechnical requirements, which ultimately will lead to an increase in the quality of grinding and an improvement in the digestibility of this type of feed by agricultural animals. In addition, the rapid replacement of one block of circular knives with another during operation, the presence of a comb for pushing and cleaning the inter-knife space of the cutting drum allows increasing the reliability and performance of the root-tuber cutter, and the use of rollers reduces the energy consumption of the cutting process and increases its productivity.

Claims (2)

1. The technological line for the preparation of root tubers, characterized by the fact that it consists of a drum washing of root crops and a drum grinder installed in the technological sequence, while the drum washing has a fixed drop-shaped body installed on a frame at an angle to the horizontal surface, a movable drum of a bar structure installed inside the body driven by a gear motor, a loading grooved chute, a water trough with a mud hatch, a shutter and a chain-slat conveyor rigidly fixed to the body at an angle for moving root crops without rolling over its scrapers, and on the inner surface of the body in its upper part rigidly stationary blades are fixed in a staggered manner, in the lower part of the chain-slat conveyor there is a lattice bottom, and the drum grinder has a casing with loading and unloading necks, inside which a vertical cutting drum is fixedly installed, composition from stationary annular knives located relative to each other at a distance corresponding to zootechnical requirements, and the cutting drum is attached to the casing by means of eight pins located at an angle of 45 ° relative to each other and ensuring their coaxiality, on the drum shaft on two rigidly fixed carriers two pressing rollers are installed symmetrically to each other, each of which has the ability to independently move along the axis of rotation of the carriers in the through grooves, and combs symmetrically positioned with respect to each other are attached to the carriers, intended for pushing the crushed root tubers through the annular knives and simultaneously cleaning the interknife space of the cutting drum, in addition, the drum washer is connected to the drum grinder by means of a chain-slat conveyor. 2. Drum washing of root and tuber crops of the technological line for preparation of root and tuber crops, containing a fixed drop-shaped body mounted on a frame at an angle to a horizontal surface, a movable bar structure mounted inside the body driven by a gear motor, a grooved loading chute, a water trough with a mud hatch, a shutter and a chain-slat conveyor rigidly fixed to the body at an angle for moving root-tub crops without rolling over its scrapers, and on the inner surface of the body in its upper part fixed blades are rigidly staggered, in the lower part of the chain-slat conveyor there is a lattice bottom.

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