RU2758052C1 - Ceramic mass for brick production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of production of ceramic bricks based on nickel production waste. The ceramic mass for the production of bricks includes, wt. %: low-melting clay of the Khalilovsky deposit 44-64; nickel slag of the Yuzhuralnikel combine 36-56. Low-melting clay of the Khalilovsky deposit contains, wt. %: SiO₂ 49.5; Al₂O₃ 20.79; Fe₂О_3total 7.04; MgO 2.75; СаО 2.71; K₂O 1.74; TiO₂ 1.07; Na₂O 0.53; MnO 0.086; P₂O₅ 0.26; S_total 0.056; LOI 13.468. Nickel slag of the Yuzhuralnickel combine contains, wt. %: SiO₂ 48.79; СаО 18.36; MgO 13.15; Fe₂О_3total 11.28; Al₂O₃ 5.9; MnO 0.334; K₂O 0.25; TiO₂ 0.24; P₂O₅ 0.24; Na₂O 0.21; S_total 0.186; LOI 1.06.

EFFECT: increase in compressive and bending strength, an increase in frost resistance.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the production of wall ceramic products and can be used in the technology of manufacturing ceramic bricks.

Known ceramic mass for the manufacture of building products, mainly facing tiles of the following composition, wt. %: clay 14.0-40.0; slag of nickel production 51.0-78.0; water-rest (SU606841U, publ. 05/15/1978). The disadvantages of this invention are the relatively low compressive strength (20.2-31.2 MPa) and frost resistance of products (75-120 cycles).

Closest to the claimed ceramic mass for producing bricks is a raw mixture for the manufacture of facing tiles, containing clay, nickel production slag, water, additionally includes lead smelting slag with the following ratio of components, wt%: clay - 43.0-48.0; slag of nickel production - 36.0-38.0; lead smelting slag - 8.0-10; water - 6.0-11.0. (RU2358947C1, publ. 20.02.2008).

Samples were made from a ceramic mass of this composition and their physical, mechanical and decorative properties were determined. The samples obtained from the ceramic mass showed relatively low compressive strength (25.3 MPa) and frost resistance (200-220 cycles) (see Table 3).

The technical task is to manufacture a ceramic mass to obtain a brick, characterized by increased mechanical strength and frost resistance.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that the ceramic mass for producing bricks includes clay from the Khalilovsky deposit and an additive, namely nickel slag from the Yuzhuralnickel plant with the following ratio of components, wt%:

Clay 44-64 Nickel slag 36-56

Used additive - nickel production slag has the following chemical composition, wt.%: SiO ₂ - 48.79; CaO - 18.36; MgO 13.15; Fe ₂ About _3total -11.28; Al ₂ O ₃ 5.9; MnO 0.334; K ₂ O 0.25; TiO ₂ 0.24; P ₂ O ₅ - 0.24; Na ₂ O - 0.21; S _total - 0.186; p.p.-1.06. Low-melting clay of the Khalilovskoye field with a plasticity number of 25, containing, wt%: SiO ₂ - 49.5; Al ₂ O ₃ - 20.79; Fe ₂ About _3total - 7.04; MgO 2.75; CaO - 2.71; K ₂ O -1.74; TiO ₂ - 1.07; Na ₂ O - 0.53; MnO 0.086; P ₂ O ₅ - 0.26; S _total - 0.056; p.p. - 13.468.

To obtain products from the developed ceramic mass, the traditional brick production technology was used. Clay previously dehydrated in a drying oven at a temperature of 100-110 ^o C to constant weight, and then subjected to fine grinding in a laboratory ball mill until complete passage through a sieve of 0.315 mm. Slag prepared separately by a similar method was sieved until it passed through a sieve with a hole size of 0.1 mm. The components were dosed, mixed initially dry, and then the mass was moistened to a molding moisture content of 22% and aged in a desiccator for a day for uniform moisture distribution and swelling of clay particles. Samples were molded from the prepared mass using a special shape - cubes measuring 20x20x20 mm. The samples were then dried in an oven and baked in a laboratory muffle furnace at 1050 ^C.

Table 1 shows the compositions of the proposed ceramic mixes and the prototype. Table 2 shows the chemical compositions of the proposed ceramic mixes and the prototype.

Table 1 Compositions of ceramic masses

Component Component content for formulations,% by weight Prototype dry basis Suggested ceramic mass 1 2 3 Clay 48 64 54 44 Nickel slag 43 36 46 56 Lead smelting slag nine - - -

Table 2 Chemical compositions of the proposed ceramic mixes and prototype

Chemical name element Percentage,% Prototype Suggested ceramic mass 1 2 3 SiO ₂ 48.1 52.83 53.76 54.68 Al ₂ O ₃ 11.1 19.13 18.67 18.21 Fe ₂ О _3total 7.1 7.54 7.68 7.82 MgO 5.2 2.53 2.47 2.41 CaO 21.0 4.71 5.27 5.83 K ₂ O 0.0 1.14 0.96 0.78 TiO ₂ 0.2 0.68 0.58 0.47 Na ₂ O 0.0 0.34 0.29 0.23 P ₂ O ₅ 0.0 0.17 0.14 0.12 MnO 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.04 S _total 1.0 0.67 0.83 1.00 Zn 1,2 0.00 0.00 0.00 ppp 5.0 10.21 9.3 8.41 Sum 100 100 100 100

According to [Avgustinik, A.I. Ceramics [Tex]: textbook for universities / A.I. Avgustinik.- M.: Stroyizdat, 1975.-592s.] By the amount of Al ₂ O ₃ + TiO _2, one can indirectly evaluate the sintering capacity of ceramic bricks and its quality - with an increase in the content of Al ₂ O ₃ + TiO _{2, the} strength increases. The quantitative content of iron oxide - Fe ₂ About ₃ [Efimov, A.I. High-strength ceramic bricks with iron-containing additives that improve the rheology and sintering of clay rocks Text. / A.I. Efimov // Building materials. -2000. - No. 4. P. 15 - 16.]. Table 2 shows that the ratio (Al ₂ O ₃ + TiO ₂ ) / Fe ₂ O ₃ for the prototype is 1.59, for the proposed ceramic masses, this ratio varies from 2.3 to 2.5. From the calculations, it can be concluded that the strength of the samples from the proposed ceramic mixes will increase by an average of 30% compared to the prototype.

Table 3 shows the physical, mechanical and decorative properties of bricks from the proposed ceramic masses.

Table 3 Physical, mechanical and decorative properties of bricks from the proposed ceramic mixes

Indicators Values for formulations Prototype Suggested ceramic mass 1 2 3 Compressive strength, MPa 25.3 38.5 36.2 34.3 Flexural strength, MPa 3.8 5.1 4.9 4.7 Frost resistance, cycle 220 230 240 250 Water absorption,% 14.2 12.98 13.2 13.5 Shard color Red brown Red brown Chestnut brown Copper brown

Table 3 shows that the proposed ceramic mass provides an increase in the compressive strength of a brick from 25 to 35% by an average of 30%, bending strength - from 19 to 26% by an average of 22%, frost resistance - from 4 to 12%, in an average of 8% compared to the results of products from the prototype mass.

According to XRD improved physical and mechanical properties is achieved in that in the samples of the proposed ceramic material at a burning temperature of 800 ^{° C} formed a liquid-phase component enriched in ions of iron, calcium and magnesium, which by increasing the synthesis temperature to 1050 ^C. formed textural crystalline phases of hematite, calcium silicates and magnesium [Steklov, K.K. Structure and properties of refractories [Tex]: Metallurgy / K.K. Steklov. - M. 1972.-216 p.].

Thus, in comparison with the prototype, the claimed invention is characterized by higher strength and frost resistance under the same firing conditions (heating rate, maximum temperature, exposure time at maximum temperature) and product shape.

Claims (2)

Ceramic mass for brick production, including low-melting clay and production waste, characterized in that clay of the Khalilovsky deposit is used as clay, containing, wt%: SiO ₂ 49.5; Al ₂ O ₃ 20.79; Fe ₂ About _3tot 7.04; MgO 2.75; CaO 2.71; K ₂ O 1.74; TiO ₂ 1.07; Na ₂ O 0.53; MnO 0.086; P ₂ O ₅ 0.26; S _total 0.056; p.p. 13.468, and as a waste - nickel slag of the Yuzhuralnickel plant, containing, wt%: SiO ₂ 48.79; CaO 18.36; MgO 13.15; Fe ₂ About _3total 11.28; Al ₂ O ₃ 5.9; MnO 0.334; K ₂ O 0.25; TiO ₂ 0.24; P ₂ O ₅ 0.24; Na ₂ O 0.21; S _total 0.186; p.p. 1.06, with the following ratio of components, wt%: Clay 44-64 Nickel slag 36-56