RU2755193C1 - Work member of the tunneling and cleaning combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in tunneling and cleaning combines for the destruction of a rock mass with a cutting tool. The work member of the tunneling and cleaning combine includes cutter wheels with cutters that are mounted on the handles with a drive with an offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the handles in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the handles. The axes of rotation of the cutter wheels and the work member are directed along the movement of the combine to the face, and the axis of rotation of the handles coincides with the axis of rotation of the work member. A rotary starting borer with cutters is installed coaxially with the axis of rotation of the handles, and combs with cutters are fixed at the ends of the handles. The cutters of the starting borer and the comb protrude beyond the end surfaces of the cutter disks to destroy, respectively, the central and peripheral sections of the face. The combs are made in the form of raking blades with an inclination in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the work member, and are mounted on mechanical fasteners of limited strength and stops with the possibility of dismantling and changing the position.

EFFECT: increase in the quality of the granulometric composition of the separated rock mass, an increase in the operating time and a decrease in the specific consumption of the rock-destroying tool, a decrease in the probability of emergency failures of the work member.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in heading machines for the destruction of rock mass with a cutting tool.

Known spatial planetary-disk executive body of a heading-cutting machine containing cutting discs and combined borers. Cutting discs are mounted on rotary gear-handles. The axes of rotation of the cutting discs are located in a plane parallel to the bottom. The torque to the cutting discs is transmitted from the transfer gearboxes through the swing-arm gearboxes. The destruction of the rock mass is carried out by cutters mounted on the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the cutter discs. In this case, radial diverging cuts are realized, directed from the center to the periphery of the face. The central part of the face is destroyed by the cutters of the combined rotary-planetary borers, which include small-diameter cutter disks and rotors (Patent RU No. 2319835 from 03/20/2008).

The disadvantages of the known device include the fact that the cutting step and the thickness of the shavings vary significantly depending on the angle of rotation of the main cutting discs and the borers discs. The central and peripheral parts of the face are destroyed by cuts of small thickness, which leads to a large number of dust-like classes in the mined rock mass. The crescent shape of the chips and the cutting step increasing from the center to the periphery of the face make it difficult to solve the problem of optimizing the process of rock mass destruction in terms of specific energy consumption. The peripheral sections of the bottom are destroyed when the ratio of the cutting pitch to the chip thickness t / h> 7, that is, by blocked cuts of small thickness.

The known device is not equipped with effective mechanical means for preventing overloading, for example, shear pins, keys, etc.

The closest device for the same purpose to the claimed device in terms of the totality of features is a flat planetary-disk executive body of a shearer, containing cutting discs mounted on rotary gear-handles. The axes of rotation of the cutting discs are perpendicular to the face plane. The torque to the cutting discs is transmitted from the transfer gearboxes through the swing-arm gearboxes. Rock-cutting tools (cutters) are installed on the flat end and lateral cylindrical surfaces of the cutting discs (Patent RU No. 2651667 dated 04.23.2018, Figs. 3 and 4).

During the operation of the known executive body of the heading machine, the cutting discs rotate around their axis (relative rotation) and the axis of the distributing gearbox (portable rotation), provide the movement of the rock cutting tool (cutters) along a cycloidal trajectory. The running equipment of the harvester ensures the supply of the executive body to the face. Most of the face is destroyed by cutters mounted on the flat end surfaces of the cutter discs. At the same time, a grid of intersecting cuts is formed on the face surface, which positively affects the quality of the granulometric composition of the rock and the specific energy consumption of the process of destruction of the rock mass. The peripheral sections of the face are destroyed by cutters installed on the lateral cylindrical surfaces of the cutter disks, by cuts of small thickness. The same cutters provide the ability to turn the combine when mining a rock mass and change the direction of mining.

This device is accepted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the device, taken as a prototype, include the fact that the peripheral sections of the face are destroyed by cuts of small thickness, which leads to a large number of dust-like classes in the mined rock mass. During the operation of the executive body, taken as a prototype, the crushing of the rock mass separated from the massif also occurs in the bottomhole space, that is, at the loading stage, due to contact with the moving cutting discs.

When a rock mass is destroyed using an executive body, taken as a prototype, a large number of cutters are in contact with the face at the same time, which negates the main advantage of planetary-disk executive bodies - the transfer of the entire drive power to a small number of cutters that destroy the face.

The cutters installed on the end surfaces of the cutter discs are in constant contact with the bottom during the operation of the executive body, which causes their increased heating due to the lack of cooling. This, in combination with the curvilinear trajectory of the cutters and the presence of significant lateral loads, determines a high specific consumption of cutters, which negatively affects the operational performance provided by the executive body when used in the construction of a heading-and-shearer.

Like its counterpart, the known device, taken as a prototype, is not equipped with effective mechanical devices to prevent overloads, for example, shear pins, keys, etc. Assessment of the loading of nodes and parts of this planetary-disk executive body is carried out in a generalized way, according to the readings of the current loads of the drive electric motors, which does not allow preventing emergency failures associated with the occurrence of excess loads of a local nature, for example, when working out the bottom of an incomplete section of the executive body.

When driving a combine harvester in reverse from the working face, contact of the cutting discs with the walls, soil and roof of the excavation is possible. This is very likely to lead to an emergency failure, for example, the separation of the tool holder fist from the tool disc.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of the granulometric composition of the rock mass at the stages of separation from the face and loading, increase the operating time and reduce the specific consumption of rock cutting tools, reduce the likelihood of emergency failures caused by excess local loads during productive work and the removal of the executive body from the face.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device, which is an executive body of a shearer, including cutting discs with cutters mounted on handles with a drive, while the axes of rotation of the cutting discs and the executive body are directed along the movement of the miner to the bottom, and the axis of rotation of the handles coincides with the axis of rotation of the executive body, in accordance with the invention, the executive body additionally comprises a rotary bit with cutters installed coaxially with the axis of rotation of the handles, and combs with cutters located at the ends of the handles, while the cutters of the bit and combs protrude beyond the end surfaces of the cutting discs for destruction , respectively, of the central and peripheral sections of the face, and the cutting discs are installed with an offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the handles in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the handles, while the combs are made in the form of raking blades with an inclination towards the opposite direction in rotations of the executive body and are installed on mechanical fasteners of limited strength and stops with the possibility of dismantling and changing the position. The inventive device can be equipped with sensors for monitoring the integrity of the mechanical fasteners of the combs or sensors for monitoring the position of the combs relative to other parts of the executive body.

The executive body is mounted on a road head. When the miner is fed to the face, the rock mass is initially destroyed in time by the cutters of the bit and combs, which work out the central and peripheral sections of the face, respectively. In this case, the cutting step is a constant value, and the thickness of the chips depends on the feed rate of the shearer to the bottom, which makes it possible to optimize the process of destruction of the array by the cutters of these elements of the executive body.

The main part of the face is worked out by cutters installed on the end surfaces of the cutter disks, and displaced relative to the cutters of the bit and combs in the direction opposite to the direction of the working stroke of the combine. In this case, the trajectories of movement of the cutters of the bit and combs are intersected by the trajectories of movement of the incisors of the cutting discs. Thus, in the peripheral and central sections of the face, the incisors of the incisal disks come out of contact with the array and are cooled.

The combs, made in the form of raking blades with an inclination in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the executive body, direct the rock mass, separated from the massif, from the bottomhole space to the loading bodies of the heading-and-cleaning machine. Thus, the contact of the rock mass separated from the rock mass with the rotating cutting discs is minimized, the loading conditions are improved, and the crushing of the rock mass during loading is reduced.

In the event of over-standard loads occurring when the bottom hole is being worked out by the executive body, the fasteners of the combs are destroyed, which makes it possible to prevent emergency failures of the drive of the executive body.

When driving the combine away from the face and moving along the working in reverse, the combs are dismantled and transferred to the transport position, which minimizes the likelihood of contact of the parts of the executive body with the soil and the walls of the working.

The displacement of the cutting discs relative to the central axes of the handles in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the executive body makes it possible to install combs with cutters on the handles.

The presence of a rotary bit ensures the destruction of the central part of the face by concentric cuts with a constant pitch and cross-sectional shape of the separated chips.

The presence of combs fixed at the ends of the handles ensures the destruction of the peripheral part of the face by concentric cuts with a constant pitch and the shape of the cut-off cross-section. This provides the possibility of turning the combine when mining the rock mass and changing the direction of the mining, and also has a positive effect on the quality of the granulometric composition of the rock separated from the rock mass, reduces the specific energy consumption for the destruction of the rock mass.

The displacement of the cutters of the borer and combs towards the destructible bottom and their installation with a protrusion beyond the end and side surfaces of the cutting discs ensures the mutual intersection of the trajectories of movement of the cutters of the borer and combs and the cutters of the cutting discs. As a result, the cutters of the cutting discs in the peripheral and central sections of the face come out of contact with the massif and cool.

The execution of the combs in the form of raking blades with an inclination in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the executive body provides an improvement in the conditions for loading the rock mass separated from the rock mass, and also prevents the contact of the rock mass with rotating cutting discs, which reduces its crushing during loading.

The possibility of dismantling and changing the position of the combs on the handles of the executive body facilitates the distillation of the combine from the face and reduces the likelihood of contact of the elements of the executive body with the soil and the walls of the mine during this technological operation.

Fixing the combs with fasteners of limited strength protects the actuator drive from overloads, since in the event of local excess loads, the combs are destroyed, and the operation of the executive body stops.

Timely stopping of the operation of the executive body in the event of destruction of the combs' fasteners is possible by using sensors for monitoring the integrity of the mechanical fasteners of the combs or sensors for monitoring the position of the combs relative to other parts of the executive body.

The proposed device is illustrated by the diagrams shown in FIG. 1-5.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an executive body of a shearer, front view.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the executive body of a heading-and-shearer, side view.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of the cuts made by the head of the heading-and-shearing machine.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a double head of a heading-and-shearer.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the installation of combs on the handles of the executive body in the transport position, when driving the heading machine from the face.

The head of the heading machine consists of cutting discs 1 with cutters 2, mounted on the handles 3 with an offset from the central axes 4 of the handles 3 in the direction opposite to the direction of the portable rotation of the executive body. The torque to the cutting discs 1 is transmitted from the drive motor (not shown in the diagrams) through the distributing gear 5 and the handle 3. The central part of the face is destroyed by the rotary bit 6 with cutters 7. The peripheral sections of the face are destroyed by combs 8 with cutters 9 installed. The combs 8 are mounted on handles 3 on fasteners 10 with the possibility of dismantling or changing the position. Combs 8 are made in the form of raking blades with an inclination in the direction opposite to the rotation of the executive body. Fasteners 10 are calculated for a certain amount of loads and are destroyed when overloads occur. In versions of the device, the integrity of the fasteners 10 and the position of the combs 8 relative to the assemblies of the actuator can be monitored by means of sensors (not shown in the diagrams).

The device operates as follows. The executive body installed on the shearer is fed to the face. The cutters 7 of the borers 6 and the cutters 9 of the combs 8 perform notching into the massif and the destruction of the central and peripheral sections of the face with concentric cuts 11 and 12, respectively. The incisors 2 of the incisal disks 1 come into contact with the array later than the incisors 7 and 9. The incisors 2 move along complex cycloidal trajectories and destroy the bottom with intersecting cuts 13 of the radial-tangential direction. The destruction of the bottom of the intersecting cuts 13 provides a decrease in crushing of the mined rock mass at the stage of separation from the massif.

In the peripheral and central sections of the face, the incisors 2 come out of contact with the massif and are cooled. Thus, the improvement of the working conditions of the cutters and a decrease in their specific consumption are provided.

The rock mass separated from the massif enters the bottomhole space, from where it is fed by combs 8 to the loading bodies of the road head. Thus, the probability of contact of the rotating cutting discs 1 with the rock mass is minimized, which reduces its crushing at the loading stage.

In the event of overloads, the fasteners 10 of the combs 8 are destroyed, the work of the executive body stops. The integrity of the fasteners 10 and the position of the combs 8 relative to the nodes of the executive body can be monitored by means of sensors (not shown in the diagrams), information from which can be a signal for the timely termination of the operation of the executive body. Thus, the likelihood of emergency failures during the operation of the executive body due to the occurrence of excessive local loads is minimized.

When driving the harvester away from the face, the fasteners 10 are disconnected, the combs 8 are dismantled or transferred to the transport position (see Fig. 5), which minimizes the likelihood of contact of the elements of the executive body with the soil and the walls of the mine during the movement of the harvester in reverse.

Thus, during the operation of the proposed device, an increase in the quality of the granulometric composition of the rock mass at the stages of separation from the face and loading is ensured, an increase in the operating time and a decrease in the specific consumption of rock cutting tools, a decrease in the likelihood of emergency failures caused by excess local loads during productive work and the removal of the executive body from the face.

Claims (4)

1. An executive body of a shearer, which includes cutting discs with cutters mounted on the handles with a drive, while the axes of rotation of the cutting discs and the executive body are directed along the movement of the miner to the bottom, and the axis of rotation of the handles coincides with the axis of rotation of the executive body, characterized in that the actuator additionally contains a rotary bit with cutters installed coaxially with the axis of rotation of the handles and a comb with cutters located at the ends of the handles, while the cutters of the bit and combs protrude beyond the end surfaces of the cutting discs to destroy, respectively, the central and peripheral sections of the face, and the cutting discs are installed with an offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the handles in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the handles. 2. The executive body according to claim 1, characterized in that the combs are made in the form of raking blades with an inclination to the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the executive body, and are installed on mechanical fasteners of limited strength and stops with the possibility of dismantling and changing the position. 3. The executive body for PP. 1, 2, characterized in that it is equipped with sensors for monitoring the integrity of the mechanical fasteners of the combs. 4. The executive body for PP. 1, 2, characterized in that it is equipped with sensors for monitoring the position of the combs relative to the parts of the executive body.

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