RU2753414C1 - Method for water treatment in water supply and sewage facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of water.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of medicine, veterinary medicine and hygiene, namely to methods for treatment of drinking and industrial water, as well as disinfection of water supply and sewage facilities. The disinfecting agent based on silver ions is prepared by means of a chemical reaction with simultaneous dissolution of a composition of powders of citric acid, silver oxide and hydrogen peroxide in distilled water at room temperature with a concentration of silver ions in the solution of the disinfecting agent after dissolution of 200 to ±20 mg/l. A water solution of the disinfecting agent is prepared, wherein the content of silver ions in the solution is brought to a concentration of 0.02 to 20 mg/l, the prepared solution is applied to the surface in contact with water, said surface is sustained under the impact of the solution, followed by rinsing the surface with water. The amount of the disinfectant solution introduced into the water after rinsing the surface is calculated by the formula V_р = V_waterхS_water/S_d, wherein V_water is the volume of the prepared purified water, dm³, S_water is the required silver ion content in the disinfected water, S_d is the concentration of silver ions in the disinfecting agent, mg/dm³, wherein S_water does not exceed 0.05 mg/dm³, the calculated volume of the solution is introduced into the water. For disinfection of drinking water, the solution therein is introduced directly into the collecting tank of purified drinking water, and for disinfection of the surfaces of swimming pools and water parks, as well as for disinfection of the underwater parts of water supply wells, the calculated volume of the solution is introduced directly into the water of the pool or the water supply well.

EFFECT: invention ensures reduction in the amount of disinfecting agent required for water disinfection to the established norms.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine, veterinary medicine and hygiene, and in particular to methods of processing drinking and industrial water, as well as disinfection of water supply and sewerage facilities [C02F 1/50].

Natural waters used for drinking and industrial water supply must have favorable organoleptic properties and be safe in sanitary and epidemiological terms. Therefore, producers of drinking water face the important task of ensuring its epidemic and chemical safety, i.e. sufficient cleaning and decontamination. Disinfection of drinking water means measures to destroy microorganisms that are in the water and can cause infectious diseases. Drinking water is directly consumed by humans and must comply with the strictest hygiene requirements and standards. Now the problem of disinfection and disinfection of water is very relevant and discussed in the scientific community around the world. Currently, the following methods of disinfection of drinking water are used: reagent, physical, as well as complex disinfection. The reagent (chemical) methods of disinfection of drinking water include its treatment with such oxidants as chlorine, ozone, etc., as well as heavy metal ions [https://nauchforum.ru/studconf/med/xv/4338, publ .: 06/05/2019].

From the prior art, there is a METHOD FOR DISINFECTING POOL WATER SUPPLY [RU 2182127 (C1), publ .: 05/10/2002], including the first stage of filtration, the second stage of ozonation, the third stage of disinfection with UV irradiation and the fourth stage, including the treatment of water with a solution containing diamminargenate ions [Ag (NH3) 2] +, obtained by electrolysis of water in an electrolytic cell with periodic replacement of electrodes containing at least 99 wt.% silver, and the subsequent addition of gaseous ammonia or ammonia water, subject to an excess of ammonia 3-5% to stoichiometry, the specified solution is dosed into water in an amount corresponding to the concentration of silver 0.001-0. water return for pool disinfection.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the high labor intensity and high cost of water disinfection, due to the significant volume of technological operations carried out.

Also known is the METHOD OF WATER DISINFECTION [RU2012147784 (A), publ. 05/20/2014], including the treatment of water with an oxidizing agent and copper and silver ions obtained by dissolving their salts, after which the water is kept for 0.5-2 hours. The oxidizing agent used is a 0.2-0.4% aqueous solution of sodium persulfate, which is added to water simultaneously with solutions of salts of copper, silver and zinc until the following concentrations in water are reached: sodium persulfate 1-5 mg / l; silver ions 0.02-0.05 mg / l; copper ions 0.07-1.0 mg / l; zinc ions 3.0-5.0 mg / l.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low taste of water, due to the presence of copper and zinc salts in the solution, the excess of which negatively affects when drinking water.

The closest in technical essence is a METHOD FOR WATER TREATMENT WITH THE USE OF A SILVER COMPLEX [RU 2182129 (C1), publ .: 05/10/2002], including its chlorination and the subsequent addition of complex silver compounds, characterized in that 0.1 -1.0% solution of Ag ₂ SO ₄ or AgNO ₃ , where gaseous ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is added with stirring until the mass ratio Ag +: NH ₃ = 2.8-3.0. Then the prepared solution of the ammonium complex compound of silver is added to chlorinated water using a dispenser to a silver concentration of 0.005-0.05 mg / l. Preferably, for the preparation of the ammonia complex of silver, a 0.1% Ag ₂ SO ₄ solution or a 0.2% AgNO ₃ solution is prepared.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the high consumption of the disinfectant due to its low disinfectant properties associated with the complexity of calculating the dose of chlorine for disinfecting water and the reagent, ensuring the complete destruction of bacteria and microbes, in addition, the solution specified in the prototype does not provide disinfection of technological equipment, technological installations, facilities and premises for the preparation, storage and transportation of water.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the amount of disinfectant required for disinfection of water to the established standards.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of water treatment at water supply and sewerage facilities is characterized by the fact that the preparation of a disinfectant based on silver ions obtained by a chemical reaction while simultaneously dissolving in distilled water at room temperature a composition of powders of citric acid, silver oxide and hydrogen peroxide with the concentration of silver ions in the solution of the disinfectant after dissolution - 200 ± 20 mg / l, prepare an aqueous solution of the disinfectant in which the content of silver ions in the solution is adjusted to a concentration of 0.02 to 20 mg / l, apply the prepared solution to the surface in contact with water, the said surface is maintained under the action of the solution, after which the surface is rinsed with water, the amount of the disinfectant solution introduced into the water after rinsing the surface is calculated using the formula V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p , where V _water is the volume of pr of prepared purified water, dm ³ , C _water - the required content of silver ions in disinfected water, C _p - concentration of silver ions in the disinfectant, mg / dm ³ , while C _water does not exceed 0.05 mg / dm ³ , enter the calculated volume solution into water, while for disinfection of drinking water, the solution is injected directly into the collection tank of purified drinking water, and for disinfection of the surfaces of swimming pools and water parks, as well as disinfection of underwater parts of water intake wells, the calculated volume of solution is injected directly into the water of the pool or water well.

The figure schematically shows a method of water treatment at water supply and sewerage facilities, on which it is indicated: 1 - water well, 2 - pipes of the water supply network, 3 - reservoir, 4 - equipment, 5 - premises, 6 - inventory, 7 - returnable container, 8 - sewage station, 9 - preparation of solution, 10 - calculation of the amount of injected solution, 11 - filling with solution, 12 - irrigation with solution, 13 - exposure with solution, 14 - rinsing with water, 15 - mechanical cleaning, 16 - rinsing with water, 17 - dosed administration solution, 18 - solution overflow, 19 - pools.

Implementation of the invention

The disinfectant is a liquid solution based on silver ions, obtained as a result of a chemical reaction while simultaneously dissolving a composition of powders of citric acid, silver oxide and hydrogen peroxide in distilled water at room temperature. The concentration of silver ions in the solution after dissolution is 200 ± 20 mg / l, the hydrogen index (pH) is 3-4, the density at a temperature of 20 ° C is 1-1.1 kg / m ³ . The disinfectant comes in a variety of shades and colors. The presence of sediment at the bottom of the container is acceptable, while the product mixes well with water in any ratio. The product is highly resistant to self-decomposition, environmentally friendly and does not require special precautions during storage and transportation, does not cause corrosion of disinfected surfaces, does not damage metal products (including aluminum), glass, rubber, polymer bags, paint and varnish and galvanic coatings , does not discolor and does not reduce the strength of tissues, has a bactericidal (gram-negative and gram-positive microflora, including pathogens of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium B5, Mycobacterium terrae), nosocomial infections, legionellosis, anaerobic infection, and others), virucidal (pathogens of enteroviomyelitis, ECHO; enteral and parenteral hepatitis, HIV infections, influenza, parainfluenza, bird flu H5N1, swine flu, SARS, etc.; ARVI, herpes, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, etc.), fungicidal (including fungi and molds of the genera Candida, Trichophyton, Aspergillus, Mukor, their dispute, etc.), cn orocidal (spore forms of bacteria) action and prolonged nature of bacteriostatic action.

The applicant from the prior art did not reveal information about a similar method of water disinfection, characterized by the specified sequence of technological operations with water and objects of its preparation, storage and transportation using a disinfectant solution based on silver ions with a concentration specified depending on the field of application of water.

The claimed method of water treatment at water supply and sewerage facilities is as follows.

At the first stage, a solution 9 of a disinfectant based on silver ions is prepared, obtained as a result of a chemical reaction while simultaneously dissolving in distilled water at room temperature a composition of powders of citric acid, silver oxide and hydrogen peroxide. The concentration of silver ions in solution after dissolution is 200 ± 20 mg / l. The solution is prepared in glass, polyethylene or polypropylene, enamel or stainless steel containers by diluting the disinfectant with distilled or deionized water.

At the first stage, the content of silver ions in the solution is adjusted to the concentration:

- for disinfection of drinking water - 0.02 mg / l;

- for the preservation of drinking purified water - 10 mg / l;

- for disinfection of surfaces of swimming pools and water parks - 2.5 mg / l;

- for sterilization of the returnable container 7 for purified drinking water - 10 mg / l;

- for disinfection of equipment 4, rooms 5 - 2.5 mg / l;

- for disinfection of cleaning equipment 6 - 10 mg / l;

- for disinfection of water supply facilities (tanks 3) - 20 mg / l;

- for disinfection of water intake wells 1 - 15 mg / l;

- for the disinfection of waste water, for example at sewage stations 8 - 20 mg / l.

At the second stage, the prepared solution is applied to the surface in contact with water:

- for sterilization of returnable containers by rinsing 16 returnable containers;

- for disinfection of the internal surfaces of equipment 4 by wiping or sprinkling 12 followed by flushing;

- for disinfection of external surfaces of equipment 4 and rooms 5 by wiping or irrigation 12 without flushing;

- for disinfection of cleaning equipment 6 by irrigation 12 followed by rinsing or wiping;

- for disinfection of tanks 3 by irrigation 12 or by volumetric method;

- for disinfection of water supply wells 1 by irrigation 12;

- for disinfection of waste water by volumetric method.

Withstand with solution 13 the surface in contact with water under the working solution, not less than:

- for sterilization of returnable containers 7 - 30 minutes;

- for disinfection of internal surfaces of equipment 4 - 30 min;

- for disinfection of cleaning equipment 5 - 30 minutes;

- for disinfection of tanks 3 - 3 hours;

- for disinfection of pipes of the water supply network 2 or its section - 4 hours;

- for disinfection of tanks 3 by volumetric method - 5 hours;

- for disinfection of water supply wells 1 - 12 hours;

- for waste water disinfection - 30 min.

At the third stage, the amount of solution 10 introduced into water is calculated according to the formula V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p , where V _water is the volume of prepared purified water, dm ³ , C _water is the required content of silver ions in disinfected water, Cp is the concentration of ions silver in a disinfectant, mg / dm ³ , while the C of _water does not exceed 0.05 mg / dm ³ in accordance with SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01.

The calculated volume of the solution for the disinfection of drinking water is dosed directly into the collecting tank of purified drinking water. To disinfect the surfaces of swimming pools and water parks, as well as disinfect the underwater parts of water intake wells 1, the calculated volume of solution 17 is dosed directly into the water of the pool or water well 1.

Let us explain the implementation of the method using examples of water disinfection at various water supply and sewerage facilities.

Example 1. For disinfection of the surfaces of swimming pools 19 carry out the preparation of a solution 9 with a concentration of silver ions of at least 2.5 mg / l. Apply the solution on the surface of the pool or equipment 4 of the water park, in contact with water by wiping or irrigation 12 at the rate of solution consumption when wiping - not less than 150 ml / m ² , and with irrigation 12 - at least 300 ml / m ² . Withstand the surface of the pool or equipment 4 of the water park with a solution of 13 for at least 30 minutes and rinse with water 16. After rinsing 16, the pool is poured with clean water, the amount of 10 solution introduced per pool volume is calculated using the formula: V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p . The prepared solution 17 is dosed into the pool water using an automatic metering device, while the content of active silver ions in the pool water is monitored and adjusted. The content of silver ions after the introduction of the agent and its distribution over the volume of the pool should be 0.05 mg / l. In the absence of an automatic dosing device, the solution is diluted with water in a separate container and added to the pool near the water supply point.

Example 2. For disinfection of equipment 4, rooms 5 and inventory 6, a solution 9 is prepared with a silver ion concentration of 2.5 mg / l. The prepared solution is applied to the surfaces of equipment 4 or rooms 5 in contact with water by wiping or irrigation 12 at the rate of solution consumption during wiping - not less than 150 ml / m ² , and with irrigation 12 - at least 300 ml / m ² . Inventory 6 is irrigated with solution 12 or immersed in solution or wiped with a rag soaked in solution. Soak with a solution of 13 surfaces of equipment 4 or rooms 5, inventory 6 under the influence of the solution for at least 30 minutes. After exposure with solution 12, the inner surfaces of equipment 4 in contact with water and inventory 6 are rinsed with water 16. Washing off the solution from the outer surfaces of equipment 4 and rooms 5 is not required.

Disinfection of the said equipment 4, rooms 5 and inventory 6 is carried out in the presence of people without the use of personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs and eyes. Solutions are used repeatedly within a period not exceeding 5 days, if their appearance has not changed. At the first signs of a change in appearance (color change, cloudiness of the solution, etc.), the solution is replaced.

Solutions used for disinfection of equipment of 4 installations for the preparation of drinking purified water are used once.

Example 3. Disinfection of tanks 3 and pipes of the water supply network 2.

Disinfection of tanks 3 and pipes of the water supply network 2 is carried out before the commissioning of new ones as a whole or of individual ones (tanks, separate sections of pipes of the water supply network 2, etc.), after repair and emergency work, in the presence of water epidemics (or the appearance of suspicion) that the cause of their occurrence was pollution, with a dangerous epidemic pollution, after an accident in the sections of pipes of the water supply network 2.

Disinfection of reservoirs 3 is carried out in two ways: volumetric and irrigation 12. When disinfecting the surface with irrigation 12, the bactericidal effect depends primarily on the concentration of silver ions in the solution used. With the volumetric method (not shown in the figure) - from the concentration of silver ions in the solution and the duration of contact.

Before disinfection, water from reservoirs 3 is discharged through a mud pipe, leaving a layer 30-40 cm high. Mechanical cleaning 15 and rinsing with water 16 of the surfaces of reservoirs 3 and removal of dirty water through the mud outlet are repeatedly alternated. To disinfect tanks 3, a solution 9 is prepared with a silver ion concentration of 20 mg / l.

The walls and the bottom of the tanks 3 are irrigated with a solution of 12 at the rate of at least 0.3-0.5 liters per 1 m ^{2 of} surface from a hose under pressure or wipe the surfaces with brushes soaked in the solution. The surfaces of the tanks 3 are kept with the solution 13 for 3 -3.5 hours and rinsed with water 16, which is removed through the mud outlet.

Volumetric disinfection is recommended for 3 tanks or small pressure tanks. After mechanical cleaning 15 and rinsing with water 16, reservoirs 3 are filled with solution 11 and hold with solution 13 for at least 5-6 hours. After that, the solution is drained through a mud pipe, and the reservoir is rinsed with water 16.

Disinfection of pipes of the water supply network 2 is carried out as follows:

- clean the pipes of the water supply network 2 by prolonged and intensive flushing with water 14 for at least 4-5 hours at a speed of movement of water in the pipes of at least 1.2-1.5 m / s;

- carry out the preparation of a solution 9 with a concentration of silver ions of 20 mg / l.

- water pipes 2 are filled with solution 11 and kept with solution 13 for at least 6 hours;

- after the end of the disinfection, the pipes of the water supply network 2 are washed with water 14 until water with a silver ion content of 0.05 mg / l is obtained at the outlet.

Example 4. Disinfection of water supply wells 1.

Disinfection of water intake wells 1 before putting them into operation is carried out in cases where the water quality does not correspond to bacteriological indicators.

Before disinfection of water wells 1, the volume of water in it is determined by the calculation method by multiplying the cross-sectional area by the height of the water column. Prepare solution 9 with a silver ion concentration of 20 mg / l.

The outer and inner parts of the shaft-shaft are irrigated with solution 12 from the hydraulic control panel at the rate of 0.5 l per 1 m ^{2 of} surface.

Knowing the volume of water in the water well 1, calculate the required amount of solution 10 injected into the water according to the formula V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p , and dosed solution 17 is injected into the lower (underwater) part of the water well 1 using a special mixer, while performing control of the content of active silver ions and maintain the concentration of silver ions after mixing with water at a level of at least 20 mg / l. Maintain water well 1 with solution 13 for 12-24 hours, pump out water from water well 1 until the concentration of silver ions in water does not exceed 0.05 mg / l.

Example 5. For disinfection of drinking water and preservation of its drinking qualities during transportation through pipes, packaging in containers and preservation, solution 9 is prepared with a concentration of silver ions of at least 10 mg / l and irrigated with solution 12 at a rate of at least 150 ml / m ² . The mentioned container is kept with a solution of 13 for at least 30 minutes after which the solution is drained. Calculate the amount of solution 10 injected into water according to the formula V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p , fill the returnable container with drinking water and inject solution 17 into the returnable container in a metered dose, while the concentration of silver ions should not exceed 0.025 mg / dm ³ for bottled water in the final product, not more than 10 mg / for water storage, and not more than 0.05 mg / l when drinking water.

Example 6. For the disinfection of wastewater at sewage stations, a solution 9 with a concentration of silver ions of at least 200 mg / l is prepared and the seal tanks are filled with a solution of 11. From the gate tanks, the solution 18 is poured into solution or working tanks, into which clean tap water is added to bring the solution to a silver ion concentration of 20 mg / l.

For stations of medium throughput capacity, the gate tanks are equipped with mechanical stirrers. A solution with a concentration of silver ions of 20 mg / l is mixed with waste water in mixers to bring the concentration of silver ions to 1-2 mg / l.

To obtain the necessary bactericidal effect, solution 13 with waste water is kept for 30-60 minutes in special contact tanks arranged as vertical or horizontal settling tanks.

The applicant has empirically established that the indicated concentrations of silver ions in the disinfectant solution, the sequence of technological operations with water and the objects of its preparation, storage and transportation are optimal, since a change in these conditions negatively affects the quality of water preparation.

Thus, with the use of the above-mentioned simple, not labor-intensive and does not require high-tech equipment and high energy consumption, the sequence of technological processes provides a low consumption of disinfectant with a high degree of disinfection of drinking and industrial water, due to which the claimed technical result of the invention is achieved.

Claims (1)

A method of water treatment at water supply and sewerage facilities, characterized by the fact that they prepare a disinfectant based on silver ions obtained by a chemical reaction while simultaneously dissolving in distilled water at room temperature a composition of powders of citric acid, silver oxide and hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of silver ions in solution of a disinfectant after dissolution - 200 ± 20 mg / l, prepare an aqueous solution of a disinfectant, in which the content of silver ions in the solution is brought to a concentration of 0.02 to 20 mg / l, apply the prepared solution to the surface in contact with water, hold the said surface under the action of the solution, after which the surface is rinsed with water, the amount of the disinfectant solution introduced into the water after rinsing the surface is calculated according to the formula V _p = V _water xC _water / C _p , where V _water is the volume of prepared purified water, dm ³ , C _water - required with keeping silver ions in disinfected water, С _р - concentration of silver ions in the disinfectant, mg / dm ³ , while C _water does not exceed 0.05 mg / dm ³ , the calculated volume of the solution is introduced into water, while the solution is to disinfect drinking water injected directly into the collecting tank of purified drinking water, and for disinfection of the surfaces of swimming pools and water parks, as well as disinfection of the underwater parts of water supply wells, the calculated volume of solution is introduced directly into the water of the pool or water supply well.

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