RU2191163C1 - Composition for water disinfection - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compositions used for water disinfection and designated for treatment of natural and waste waters mainly and first of all in field conditions. The composition for water disinfection comprises biocide, gas-forming agent, coagulating agent and flocculant being it comprises Ag-containing preparation of the following composition, wt.-%: silver ions, 0.1 x 10^-5 - 1.0; organic acid, 0.25-10.0; concentrated solution prepared of milled and dried potato and tomato germs or haulm and juice or an aqueous extract of indicated green plants in initial vegetation stage (PUROLAT-BINGSTI), 0.01-10.0; iodine 5% spirituous solution or hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), 0.01- 10.0; distilled water, the balance. Aluminum or iron (III) salts are used as a coagulating agent; organic or mineral reagent is used as a flocculant; glauconite or activated carbon is used as a sorbent; sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO₃) or sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is used as a gas-forming agent. The composition has the following ratio of components, wt.-%: Ag-containing preparation, 10.0-30.0; sorbent, 0.01-10.0; coagulating agent, 0.01-1.0; flocculant, 0.001-0.1; gas-forming agent, the balance. The proposed composition is nontoxic in using, it shows a possibility to retain functional properties in prolonged storage, it comprises nondeficient components. Invention can be used for disinfection and sterilization of different objects, sterilization and preserving drinking water taken from opened reservoirs (rivers, lakes), underground sources (artesian water supply) and economical-drinking supply. EFFECT: improved properties of composition. 9 cl, 11 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to compositions for disinfection of water and intended primarily for the treatment of natural and wastewater, especially in the field. But it can also be used for disinfection of various objects, disinfection and conservation of drinking water from open fresh water bodies (rivers, lakes), underground sources (artesian water intake) and drinking water supply.

Various compositions for disinfecting water are known. For example, a known composition for cleaning and disinfecting water (RF patent 1204575, 7 C 02 F 1/50, 07/15/83, "Composition for cleaning and disinfecting water"). The essence of this composition is that it contains activated carbon, iodine, aluminum sulfate and starch in the following ratio, wt.%:
Starch - 1.3 ... 1.6
Aluminum sulfate - 5.3 ... 6.0
Iodine - 23.1 ... 23.3
Activated Carbon - Else
To prepare this analogue composition, 150 g of powdered wood activated carbon are impregnated with a solution containing 5 g of iodine, then dried under an infrared lamp, 12 g of aluminum sulfate, 0.3 g of starch in a 2% solution are added and molded into tablets weighing 2.15 ± 0.5 g on a tablet machine. Then the tablets are dried in an thermostat at 30 ... 40 ^o C to a residual moisture content of 5 ^o C. For use, the tablet is placed in a container with 3 l of water for 15 minutes, the suspension is shaken, filtered, and then used as intended for drinking or cooking. In the described tablet, iodine is intended for disinfection, aluminum sulphate as a disintegrant of the tablet, since it dissolves quite well in water, as well as a coagulant, which contributes to a faster sedimentation of the suspension to the bottom of the vessel. This accelerates the process of water purification. The described tablet is convenient to use, the water obtained complies with the sanitary standards adopted to date. But the main disadvantage of this analogue composition in the form of a tablet is the low organoleptic properties of water disinfected with this tablet. In particular, in drinking water or in food prepared on this water, there is a stable "metallic" taste of iodine, which is part of the tablet. In addition, there is some potential toxicity to this composition. These disadvantages are to some extent eliminated in another analogue composition for disinfecting water (RF patent 2106311, 7 C 02 F 1/52, 10/16/97, "Solid composition for disinfecting and treating water"). This analogue composition is used both in powder form and in tablet form. The required dose of the composition may vary depending on the composition and amount of treated water. Preferably, tablets or powders weighing from 100 to 300 mg containing 5 ... 25 mg of biocide - sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid are used to treat 1 liter of water. This analogue composition as a coagulant contains metal compounds with a trivalent cation, a solid inorganic polymer, aluminum polyhydroxochloride having the general formula (Al _x (OH) _in Cl _3x-y ) _n and basicity from 70 to 85%, in the following amounts, wt .h .:
Sodium dichloroisocyanurate - 5 ... 25
Aluminum polyhydroxochloride - 50 ... 175
An analogue composition may also include sodium chloride in an amount of 25 ... 100 wt. hours, and when used in the form of tablets also sodium bicarbonate 20. .. 100 wt. h. The introduction to the composition of the analogue composition of alkali metal chloride, in particular sodium chloride, allows you to accelerate the coagulation and aggregation of the formed flakes of sediment, reduce its volume and facilitate the removal of sediment by filtration to obtain pure water suitable for human consumption. Sodium bicarbonate can be used as a dispersant when using the composition in the form of tablets to ensure gas evolution due to its reaction with a slightly acidic coagulant with the formation of carbon dioxide, which contributes to faster destruction of the tablet in water and more efficient dispersion of the coagulant and biocide in it. But this composition also has disadvantages that limit its use. The main disadvantage is the high content of active chlorine in the composition with all the ensuing consequences, such as the danger of the formation of organochlorine substances harmful to health in the treated water, the absence of bactericidal aftereffect, the deterioration of the organoleptic properties of the treated water, and the corrosion failure of structural materials in contact with it. In addition, the composition has a limited period of use (storage) and low resistance to self-decomposition, as well as an insufficient effect of clarification of the treated water without finishing filtration.

 Also known is a composition for disinfecting water (US patent 5320773, 09/30/91, "Composition and method of water purification"). The composition for disinfection of water described in the said patent is the closest in combination of essential features to the claimed invention (prototype). The essence of the prototype composition is that it contains a biocide, a zeolite, a blowing agent, a coagulant and a flocculant as a sorbent, the substances used as them being practically non-toxic and basically perform their intended function of disinfecting water in the field both under individual and and in the group use of people, for example, builders, oil workers, geologists, shepherds, military personnel, etc.). But the composition of the prototype has a significant cost due to the high cost and lack of ingredients included in it. In addition, the amount of ingredients included in this composition is significant, and at the same time, the potentially toxic ingredients in its composition remain.

 The task set by the developers of the new composition for disinfecting water was to create a composition non-toxic in use, as well as to increase the shelf life of the composition without losing its functional properties and having a low price. The technical result achieved in the process of solving the problem is the use of non-deficient and potentially non-toxic ingredients in the composition.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the composition for disinfection of water containing biocide, zeolite, blowing agent, coagulant and flocculant, as a biocide contains an Ag-containing preparation of the following composition, wt.%:
Silver ions - 0.1 • 10 ^-5 ... 1.0
Organic acid - 0.25 ... 10.0
Concentrated solution from dried and crushed seedlings or tops of potatoes and tomatoes, as well as from juice or water extract from these green plants of the initial stage of vegetation (PUROLAT-BINGSTI) - 0.01 ... 10.0
Alcoholic solution of iodine 5%, or hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), or potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) - 0.01 ... 10.0
Distilled Water - Else
as a coagulant - salts of aluminum or iron (III), as a flocculant - an organic or mineral reagent, as a sorbent - glauconite or activated carbon, and as a blowing agent - drinking soda (NaHCO ₃ ) or bicarbonate soda (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Ag-containing preparation - 10.0 ... 30.0
Sorbent - 0.01 ... 10.0
Coagulant - 0.01 ... 1.0
Flocculant - 0.001 ... 0.1
Gas blower - Other
In addition, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the composition is in the form of tablets and further includes a binder, as well as a water-soluble shell in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Water-soluble shell - 0.01 ... 0.1
Binder - 0.01 ... 0.1
Actually composition - Else
However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the composition is in the form of granules and further includes a binder, as well as a water-soluble shell in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Water-soluble shell - 0.01 ... 0.1
Binder - 0.01 ... 0.1
Actually composition - Else
The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the composition as an organic acid contains ascorbic or citric acid.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that, as an aluminum salt, the composition contains aluminum sulfate (Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ ) or aluminum oxychloride Al ₂ (OH) ₅ Cl.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a flocculant - a mineral reagent, the composition contains activated silicic acid.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a flocculant - an organic reagent, the composition contains a high molecular weight cationic polyelectrolyte VPK-402 or polyethyleneimine.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that as a binder, the composition contains starch or activated silicic acid.

 And finally, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the composition contains starch as a water-soluble coating.

 Evidence of the possibility of implementing the inventive composition for disinfection of water with the implementation of the specified purpose are given below with examples of various ingredients. These characteristic examples of specific compositions according to the invention in no way limit the scope of his legal protection. In these examples, only a specific illustration of the proposed composition for disinfection of water is given to make it suitable for drinking and cooking.

 Example 1. Water from the Temernik River in the area of the Northern housing estate of Rostov-on-Don with artificially introduced cultures of ciliates in the amount of 600 units. and roundworm eggs in the amount of 500 units. three volumes of 0.5 l were treated with the powder of the claimed composition weighing 860, 875 and 890 mg.

The composition for disinfection of water in the form of a powder had the following mass composition, mg:
Ag-containing preparation, the composition of which according to the claims includes hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) (biocide) - 535, - or 550, - or 565
Aluminum sulfate (coagulant) - 40
Sodium bicarbonate (blowing agent) - 40
Activated carbon (sorbent) - 210
Polyethyleneimine (flocculant) - 35
In this composition, an Ag-containing preparation acted as a biocide, which had the following composition, wt.%:
Silver ions - 0.5
Citric Acid - 5.0
The concentrated solution from dried and crushed seedlings or tops of potatoes and tomatoes, as well as from juice or water extract from these green plants of the initial stage of vegetation (PUROLAT-BINGSTI) - 5.0
Hydrogen Peroxide - 5.0
Distilled Water - Else
After 40 minutes, the precipitate formed was filtered through 6 layers of gauze. The indicators of water obtained are presented respectively in table. 1, 2 and 3.

 Example 2. Water from the Temernik River in the Northern residential area of Rostov-on-Don with artificially introduced cultures of ciliates in the amount of 600 units. and roundworm eggs in the amount of 500 units. three volumes of 0.5 l were treated with granules of the composition weighing 575, 590 and 605 mg.

The composition for disinfection of water had the following mass composition, mg:
Ag-containing preparation, the composition of which according to the claims includes potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) - 327, - or 342, - or 357
Aluminum sulfate (coagulant) - 50
Sodium bicarbonate (blowing agent) - 50
Activated carbon (sorbent) - 148
In this composition, an Ag-containing preparation acted as a biocide, which had the following composition, wt.%:
Silver ions - 0.5
Citric Acid - 5.0
The concentrated solution from dried and crushed seedlings or tops of potatoes and tomatoes, as well as from juice or water extract from these green plants of the initial stage of vegetation (PUROLAT-BINGSTI) - 5.0
Potassium Permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) - 5.0
Distilled Water - Else
After 40 minutes, the precipitate formed was filtered through 6 layers of gauze. The indicators of water obtained are presented respectively in table. 4, 5 and 6.

Example 3. Water from the Temernik River in the Northern residential area of Rostov-on-Don with artificially introduced cultures of ciliates in the amount of 600 units. and roundworm eggs in the amount of 500 units. in three volumes of 0.5 l each was treated with a composition in the form of tablets weighing 880, 895 and 910 mg. The composition for disinfection of water had the following mass composition, mg:
Ag-containing preparation, the composition of which according to the claims includes iodine (J ₂ ) - 460, - or 475, - or 490
Sulfate aluminum - 50
Sodium bicarbonate - 35
Glauconite - 35
Shell tablets - 500
In this composition, an Ag-containing preparation acted as a biocide, which had the following composition, wt.%:
Silver ions - 0.5
Citric Acid - 5.0
The concentrated solution from dried and crushed seedlings or tops of potatoes and tomatoes, as well as from juice or water extract from these green plants of the initial stage of vegetation (PUROLAT-BINGSTI) - 5.0
5% Alcohol solution of iodine (J ₂ ) - 5.0
Distilled Water - Else
After 60 minutes a culture of ciliates was introduced into the treated water, i.e. produced secondary pollution. Then after another 60 minutes the precipitate was filtered through 6 layers of gauze. The indicators of water obtained are presented respectively in table. 7, 8 and 9.

 Experiments to study the possibility of disinfecting water from helminth eggs and Giardia cysts in laboratory conditions were performed in 2 replicates. The studies were carried out in accordance with standard sanitary-parasitological methods, namely, according to MUK 4.2.796-99 of the Ministry of Health of Russia, M., 2000.

 Example 4. The substrate for the study (river water) was delivered from the river. Tuzlov (district of the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov Region). The cultures of viable Ascaris and Giardia cysts were taken as test objects. For the experiments, 0.5 L of water was taken, into which 500-800 Ascaris eggs and 500-800 Giardia cysts were introduced. The expositions of the experiments were 30 and 40 minutes. The research results are presented in table. 10 and 11.

According to the sample processing technique, after the end of each exposure, the supernatant was discharged in an amount of 2/3 of the total volume and filtered. Filters were placed in a thermostat at 27 and 30 ^o C. The remaining amount - 1/3 of the volume of each sample was also placed in a thermostat in order to establish the viability of helminth eggs. After 10 days in a thermostat, the precipitate was processed according to the above method.

 Based on the results obtained, it is seen that the greatest effect is observed when using a tablet with manganese at an exposure of 40 minutes (98%). The smallest content of viable cysts of lamblia is observed in settled water without sediment in an amount of 1-2%.

 In field tests, when using the drug with manganese and settling for 40 minutes, the protistocidal effect is achieved in 2/3 of the volume of the supernatant.

 Assessing the results, reflecting the ovicidal and protistocidal effect when using the presented tablets, it was found that in the field it is possible to use 2/3 of the volume of disinfected water for drinking purposes. A prerequisite is the settling time from the moment of making the pill for at least 40 minutes.

 The application of the invention in the national economy will solve the most important national economic problem associated with the disinfection of water consumed by the population in points that do not have centralized water treatment and water supply systems, as well as in emergency situations, in case of accidents or natural disasters, when the water treatment systems do not provide the necessary cleanliness drinking water, as well as military personnel anywhere in the world.

Claims (6)

1. Composition for disinfection of water containing a biocide, sorbent, blowing agent, coagulant and flocculant, characterized in that as a biocide it contains an Ag-containing preparation of the composition, wt.%:
Silver ions - 0.1 10 ^-5 ..1.0
Organic acid - 0.25 ... 10.0
Concentrated solution from dried and crushed seedlings or tops of potatoes and tomatoes, as well as from juice or water extract from these green plants of the initial stage of vegetation (PUROLAT-BINGSTI) - 0.01 ... 10.0
Alcoholic solution of iodine 5% or hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ), or potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ) - 0.01..10.0
Distilled Water - Else
as a coagulant - salts of aluminum or iron (III), as a flocculant - an organic or mineral reagent, as a sorbent - glauconite or activated carbon, as a blowing agent - drinking soda (NaHCO ₃ ) or bicarbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ) in the following the ratio of components, wt.%:
Ag-containing preparation - 10.0 ... 30.0
Sorbent - 0.01 ... 10.0
Coagulant - 0.01 ... 1.0
Flocculant - 0.001 ... 0.1
Gas blower - Other
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a tablet and further includes a binder, as well as a water-soluble shell in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Water-soluble shell - 0.01 ... 0.1
Binder - 0.01 ... 0.1
Actually composition - Else
3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of granules and further includes a binder, as well as a water-soluble shell in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
Water-soluble shell - 0.01 ... 0.1
Binder - 0.01 ... 0.1
Actually composition - Else
4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains ascorbic or citric acid as an organic acid. 5. The composition according to any one of claims _{1 to 4} , characterized in that as the aluminum salt it contains aluminum sulfate (Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₂ ) or aluminum oxychloride (Al ₂ (OH) ₅ Cl).  6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains activated silicic acid as a mineral flocculant.  7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, as an organic flocculant, it contains VPK-402 high molecular weight polycationite or polyethyleneimine.  8. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that it contains starch or activated silicic acid as a binder.  9. The composition according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that it contains starch as a water-soluble coating.

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