RU2751187C2 - Building system for erecting a wall in masonry stones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to a building system for erecting a wall in the form of masonry stones. A building system for erecting a wall in masonry stone, characterized by the fact that it consists of prefabricated building elements consisting of two or more layers of masonry stones, lined with bricks, attached, glued to each other, while the building elements have a stepped shape on at least one lateral side in such a way that the building elements fit sideways with their stepped side to each other and on top of each other and can be processed and laid by one person or two people, while in the outer layer of masonry stones, the groove is used in the longitudinal the direction of the masonry stones, while on the other outer layer of masonry stones, the connecting element is used with an ascending end edge, in this case, both outer layers of masonry stones are provided with a groove, while the connecting element has a T- or cruciform cross-section, the connecting element is cemented or glued with a flange in the groove and the wall is constructed with these prefabricated building elements by adapting the groove and the ascending edges of prefabricated building elements stacked on top of each other, in each other without bonding agents used on the construction site. The connecting element is equipped with one or more local breaks in one or more of its flanges, so the groove is free at the level of these breaks.EFFECT: improving the operational properties of masonry.19 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a building system for erecting a wall in the form of masonry stones.

Here masonry stones are block-shaped elements with which a wall can be built. These masonry stones can be made from sintered bricks, natural stone, concrete, wood, synthetic materials, metal, or any other material with which a wall can be erected.

It is known that traditional exterior walls are constructed using sintered bricks or other masonry stones, laid or adhered to and on top of each other brick by brick and layer by layer, taking into account the openings for doors and windows according to the plan.

The disadvantage of this known method is that it is labor intensive and requires bricklayers who have at least a minimum number of years of experience to build good brickwork that has a uniform appearance without zones with a specific color nuance that is more concentrated than in other zones. so that unattractive colors appear with markedly different appearances, and without joints inadvertently occurring in such a way that they have the appearance of joint cracks or are proportionally too wide.

The problem is often that good bricklayers are difficult to find, so everyone is forced to use less experienced people with less good results than sometimes required.

Erection of the outer wall also takes a relatively long time and many working hours.

In addition, it is known that bricklayers do not always accurately maintain the dimensions on the building plan and that the location and dimensions of the holes where windows and doors are to be inserted sometimes differ by several centimeters from what is shown on the plan.

This means that windows, doors and sills have to be made to measure and can only be ordered after the outer wall has been bricked and the aforementioned holes have been measured. This leads to a delay in construction work, and a longer time required for the building to be completed.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a solution that obviates the above and other disadvantages.

To this end, the invention relates to a building system for erecting a wall in masonry stones, starting with prefabricated elements consisting of two or more layers of masonry stones attached, bricked, glued or the like to each other, whereby the building elements have stepped shape on at least one side so that the building elements fit laterally to their stepped side against each other on each other and can be handled and laid by one person or two people, and whereby in the outer layer of masonry stones the groove is applied in the longitudinal direction of the masonry stones, whereby on the other outer layer of the masonry stones, the connecting element is applied with upward end edges, whereby the outer wall is erected by these prefabricated elements by adapting the groove and the upstream edge made from by the Avoda method of elements lying on top of each other without cement, adhesives or the like used on the construction site.

The advantage of such a building system is that with such prefabricated elements, the progress of the wall is much faster than with a traditional building system.

Surprisingly enough, laying such building elements, even with the heaviest building elements, such as 20 kilograms for one person or 40 kilograms for two people, is as easy as building brick by brick, especially because the building elements lie on top. each other with their stepped sides, whereby, by using a connecting element, the building elements automatically align well with each other.

Since the building element has a larger surface area than a single masonry stone, and because the building elements are automatically aligned, so to speak, by using a connecting element, it is easier to create a perfect level and align them vertically.

In addition, prefabricated elements can be pre-fabricated in the factory under better humidity and better temperature conditions and in the required connection, starting with the raw material of masonry stones, which mixes better than what is possible on the construction site, thus the appearance undesirable colors are excluded. The appearance of imaginary joint cracks can also be avoided in this way, since the masonry joint of the building elements is pre-established.

This means that less experienced people can be used on the construction site to erect a wall with these prefabricated elements.

Another important additional advantage is that the outer wall can be erected without the need for mortar, glue or the like to join the prefabricated elements together.

On the construction site, the prefabricated element lying above is simply placed with its groove on the rising end edge of the connecting element of the underlying building element, or the rising end edge of the connecting element lying above the building element is simply placed in the groove of the underlying building element.

The building system preferably uses a limited number of building block types, including one or more of the following types, or combinations thereof:

- flat building elements for the formation of a straight wall or pediment with on both sides a stepped shape in layers, shifted sideways relative to each other, whereby the stepped shape can, depending on the requirements, be either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof;

- flat building elements for forming a door or window opening, with a stepped shape on one side and a non-stepped straight shape on the other side to form the opening of the opening, whereby the stepped side can be either positive, or negative, or straight, or a combination thereof;

- corner building elements for erecting the corner of the outer wall, whereby the sides on one or both sides have a stepped shape, whereby the stepped shape can, depending on requirements, be either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof;

For a corner building element, the corner element starts with a selected brickwork relationship, which defines the brickwork relationship of adjacent building elements.

The limited selection of building elements has the advantage that fewer types of building elements have to be produced and stored, and that if the building elements are machine-made, production can be carried out with greater flexibility because the production line does not have to be changed too often.

It is preferable that the building plan is created in advance on the basis of the architect's plan, and that on the building plan the required building elements are marked with separate types, shown in color, numbering or the like.

This simplifies the job of a bricklayer who only has to follow the building plan, which is also possible for bricklayers with limited experience or only training for several months.

The work of a bricklayer can be further simplified when building elements are delivered to the jobsite by type and the relative type of building elements is shown on pallets in the same way as on the building plan, for example by the same color or numbering.

It is clear that the building system according to the invention can be used for both new construction and renovation, whereby, for example, a new outer wall is built around an existing house as an additional outer layer or replaces an old existing outer layer.

The invention also relates to a connecting element suitable for use in the building system according to the invention, whereby the connecting element has an L-, T- or cruciform cross-section and a rising end edge.

The invention also relates to a fastening element suitable for use in a building system according to the invention, wherein the fastening element is in the form of a generally L-shaped profile and a cooperating pin, wherein one L-profile support leg may have a folded top edge and the other support leg Has a through hole for the pin for attaching the fastener to the inner wall.

In order to better illustrate the characteristics of the invention, a preferred embodiment of the building system according to the invention and the building elements used therein are hereinafter disclosed by way of example without any limitation whatsoever, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of the erection of an external wall according to the building system of the invention;

FIG. 2-9 show various possible types of building elements suitable for use in the building system according to the invention;

FIG. 10 shows the building plan and corresponding pallets with building elements according to type for delivery to the building site;

FIG. 11 schematically shows a wall structure with building elements;

FIG. 12 schematically shows a perspective view of a connecting element according to the invention;

FIG. 13 schematically shows a cross-section of the connecting element of FIG. 12, but applied in masonry stone;

FIG. 14 schematically shows a perspective view of a fastening element according to the invention;

FIG. 15-17 show the anchoring of an outer wall to an inner wall using a fastening element according to the invention;

FIG. 18 and 19 schematically show a perspective view of various possible building elements.

FIG. 20 and 21 show alternative embodiments of the L-shaped profile 22.

FIG. 1 shows the foundations of a building 2, which are constructed with two separate layers 3 of different types of prefabricated elements 4 according to the invention, as they are to be placed on the foundations 1 for the erection of an external wall or wall 5.

Foundations 1 must be perfectly level and the required waterproof membranes are correctly attached.

Some possible shapes of building elements 4 are shown in FIG. 2-7, they are composed of two or more layers 6 of masonry stones 7, which are brick-lined, glued or the like on top of each other according to the required connection.

The building elements 4 are provided on at least one side with a stepped shape so that the building elements 4 fit laterally to their stepped side 8 against each other and on top of each other without an intermediate layer of glue or mortar to form layers 3, as illustrated in FIG. one.

The building elements 4 are preferably shaped and sized so that they can be handled and installed by one person, and preferably do not weigh more than 20 kilograms. Handling by two people is also among the possibilities of the invention, in which case, in this case, the building elements 4 preferably weigh no heavier than 40 kilograms. Obviously, according to the invention, it is possible that the building elements 4 may be heavier than 20 kilograms or 40 kilograms.

The shapes in FIG. from 2 to 9 are intended for the construction of straight walls, while:

- building elements 4 from FIG. 2 are flat building elements 4 in order to highlight a door or window opening, using on one side a stepped shape 8 and on the other side a straight shape 9 to form the opening of the opening, whereby the stepped side can be either positive, negative or straight or a combination of this;

- building elements 4 in FIG. 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are provided on both sides with a stepped shape 8, layers 6 shifted sideways relative to each other, whereby the stepped shape can be either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof;

- building elements 4 of FIG. 5 are corner building elements 4 for forming the corners of the outer wall, which are provided on both sides with a stepped shape 8, and

- whereby the different shapes differ from each other in the number of masonry stones per layer 6, but the number of layers 6 is the same for all building elements 4, although this is not strictly required.

The number of 6 layers may differ for different building levels 3.

FIG. 5 shows an example of a corner building element 4 according to the invention, required to provide a corner of the outer wall, whereby the side surfaces on one or both sides have a stepped shape 8. The stepped shape can, depending on requirements, be either negative or positive, straight or a combination of this;

FIG. 6 and 7 show flat building elements 4 that can be used to form a gable, these building elements 4 having one or two stepped sides 8, the stepped sides 8 being both positive or negative. Building elements 4 in FIG. 2, 3 and 4 can also be used in the gable.

FIG. 8 shows a building element 4 with direct engagement, which is obtained by using, for example, the so-called Flemish masonry joint or English masonry joint or the like, used instead of the brick halves in the previous FIGS.

FIG. 9 shows a building element 4 with oblique engagement along the left side, which is partly positive and partly straight, together with a straight side, straight engaging.

It is possible that the building elements 4, as shown in FIG. 8 or 9 are used with one straight side 9 as in FIG. 2.

It is also possible that the flat building elements 4 are provided with a straight shape 9 on both side surfaces. Such building elements 4 can have different widths, consisting of two or more layers 6 of masonry stones 7.

Preferably, as illustrated in FIG. 10, based on the architectural plan, a building plan 12 is made, on which the required building elements 4 are applied according to the available shapes and types, and the various types are defined, for example, by colors or numbering or by hatching, as in FIG. 10.

A suitable computer program can be useful in this case, since the shape and dimensions of the building elements 4 may differ according to the type of masonry stone and the required connection chosen by the supervisor.

Based on the building plan 12, the required types and quantities per type of building element 4 can be determined and supplied in the proper quantities per type to the construction site, preferably on pallets 13 marked for each type in the same way as on the building plan 12, for example the same color or shading.

This makes it particularly easy for the bricklayer to believe that he can read the building element for the building element from the building plan 12 and take the building element 4 of the corresponding type from the corresponding pallet 13, whereby the outer wall can be built like a mosaic in a visible pattern.

FIG. 10 also shows the construction of the gable with the building elements 4, the slope being formed by using the necessary building elements 4 and, if they protrude from the gable, by sawing them off in advance in the workshop so that they are adjusted on the construction site.

Although the building elements 4 are provided to be hand-picked and stacked by one or two people, it is possible to simplify the work by using a device for lifting and placing the building elements 4 from the pallets 13 on the ground.

The building elements 4 can be made by placing the masonry stones in the mold provided for this purpose and bonding them together with glue or mortar and holding or keeping them temporarily in shape until the adhesive or mortar has sufficiently bonded. so that you can work with the formed building elements 4.

Alternatively, the building elements 4 can be made using the fixation of masonry stones, 7 layer by layer 6, in their desired position against the plane, in the desired position relative to each other and connecting them to each other by means of glue or mortar and holding or preserving them temporarily in this position until the adhesive or mortar acquires sufficient bonding to work with the formed building elements 4.

Here 4 building elements are produced according to a freely chosen masonry joint.

According to the invention, the placement of the building elements 4 on the construction site takes place without mortar or glue, in other words: the outer wall 5 can be built without using mortar, glue or the like.

Instead, a connecting element 14 according to the invention is used.

For this purpose, the building elements 4 are provided with a groove 15 in the outer layer 6 of masonry stones 7.

On the other outer layer of masonry stones 7, the connecting element 14 is laid with an upward end edge 16. The connecting element 14 is in the form of a strip in the illustrative example.

It is possible that the connecting element 14 has already been attached or fixed to the building elements 4 in advance, as shown in the building elements 4 of FIG. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9, but it is also possible that the connecting piece 14 is only fixed in or on the building piece 4 locally when the outer wall is being erected.

FIG. 6, the connecting element 14 is formed on the shortest layer 6, while in FIG. 7, the connecting element 14 is formed on the longest layer 6. By placing the two building elements 4 side by side with their connecting elements 14 facing upwards, walls and gables can be constructed.

With regard to building elements 4 with two straight sides, the connecting element 14 can be provided both on the outer layers 6 and on the side surfaces.

This will allow such a building element 4 to be positioned laterally so that the layers 6 run vertically instead of horizontally and connect straight sides to adjacent building elements 4 using a connecting element 14.

In this case, the flat side of an adjacent building element 4, for example building element 4 of FIG. 2 must be provided with a groove 15 in its straight side.

FIG. 11 shows a possible wall construction with building elements 4 with two straight sides.

A possible embodiment of the connecting element 14 is shown in FIG. 12 and 13. As shown in these Figures, the connecting element 14 is in the form of a bar.

The cross-section of the connecting element is in this case cruciform, but a T-shaped or L-shaped cross-section would also be possible.

The two outer layers 6 of masonry stones 7 are then provided with a groove 15, whereby the connecting element 14 is cemented or glued in one of the grooves 15 with the flange 17a by means of glue or mortar 18.

By cementing or gluing the connecting piece 14 in the groove 15, the thickness or height of the building piece 4 will remain guaranteed because the flanges 17b of the connecting piece 15 remain flat on the masonry stones 7.

The outer wall 5 is erected by simple fitting or sliding together with the grooves 15 and the upwardly facing edges 16 of the overlapping building elements 4. The orientation of the building elements 4, meaning the groove 15 or the edge 16 facing upwards, is then irrelevant.

By choosing the correct thickness of the flanges 17b, the flanges 17b will automatically provide the correct combined thickness between the two building elements 4 one on top of the other.

When placing the building elements 4, the necessary measures must be taken so that the vertical joints between the building elements 4 are equal to the vertical joint between the masonry stones 7.

In another embodiment, the cross-section can also be L- or T-shaped, whereby the connecting element 14 will be glued or mechanically attached to the outer layer 6 of the masonry stones 7. The building element 4 must then be provided with only one groove 15.

The connecting element 14 is preferably attached to the upper layer 6 of the masonry stones 7, but this does not exclude the possibility that it can be located on the lower layer 6.

In this case, the adhesive or mechanical fastening by which the connecting element 14 is attached to the building element 4 will have to be precisely attached, assuming that its thickness in this case will have an influence on the dimensions of the building element 4.

The connecting element 14 is preferably made of aluminum, but the invention is not limited in this regard. Stainless steel and / or other materials are also possible for the application.

The connecting element 14 preferably also extends over the entire length of the relative outer layer 6 of the masonry stones 7, but it is obvious that it is possible that shorter connecting elements 14 can be used, which are sequentially connected in the groove 15 of the building element 4, near or with a certain distance between two consecutive connecting elements 14.

The connecting element 14 will preferably partially project in its longitudinal direction along one side above the stones of the masonry 7, for example by a distance of 0.5 to 15 millimeters. When constructing the wall, this projecting portion will fit into the groove 15 of the adjacent building element 4 and will ensure that the wall is stronger and easier to align.

For building elements 4 with straight sides, the connecting element 14 ends, for example, at a distance of 5 millimeters from the end of the straight side of the building element 4, so that the connecting element 14 becomes invisible.

As shown in FIG. 12, the connecting piece 14 is preferably provided with a local break 19 in one of the flanges 17b, so that the slot 15 is easily accessible at the location of this break.

Obviously, it is possible to have a variety of such gaps 19 and / or that gap 19 applies to a variety of flanges 17b.

To reinforce the outer wall 5, the building elements 4 can be securely fixed to the inner wall 20 by means of fastening elements 21, as shown in FIG. fourteen.

The fastening elements 21 are preferably formed by a generally L-shaped profile 22 and a corresponding pin 23, with one support post of the L-shaped profile 22 bent along the edge 24 in order to secure in the groove 15, and the other support post has a through hole 25 for the pin 23 for attaching the L-shaped profile 22 to the pin 23 in order to secure the fixing element 21 to the inner wall 20.

It is possible that the dimensions of the L-shaped profile 22 and the folded edge 24 are smaller than these holes 19, so the L-shaped profile 22 can be shifted a few millimeters to the left or right along the length of the groove 15, depending on the need for fastening.

Pin 23 can vary in length as required. One support leg of the L-shaped profile 22 may not be provided with a folded edge 24. It is also possible that the L-shaped profile 22 does not have such a folded edge 24. In this case, the L-shaped profile 22 will be fixed by means of mechanical fastening or using screws to the building element 4 on the outer layer 6 of masonry stones 7.

FIG. 14 shows such a fastening element 21, and FIG. 15-17 show the anchoring of the outer wall 5 to the inner wall 20 using the fastening element 21.

The pin 23 has means 26 for securing the pin 23 in relation to the L-shaped profile 22.

The aforementioned means 26 consist of an adjusting screw 27 secured to a pin 23 and a clamping screw 28 rotatably attached to a pin 23, the adjusting screw 27 and a clamping screw 28 being adjusted through the aforementioned through hole 25. A large washer 29 loosely adapted against vertical side or stopper 35 on the pin 23, ensures a fixed but sufficiently flexible connection between the stopper 35 of the pin 23 and the clamping screw 28 by sliding the washer 29 behind the folded edge 30 of the L-shaped profile 22.

The clamping screw 28 ensures first of all that the washer 29 remains in the correct place on the folded edge 30 of the L-profile 22 during the adjustment using the adjusting screw 27. After the adjustment, the clamping screw 28 can be finally compressed, thus the washer 29 and L- the shaped profile is fixed between the clamping screw 28 and the stopper 35 of the pin 23.

After placing the building element 4 a few centimeters above the gap 19 in the connecting element 14, a hole 31 is drilled through the insulation of the cavity 32 to a certain depth in the inner wall 17, after which a dowel 33 is installed in this hole to anchor the pin 23 in the inner wall 17.

After the building element 4 has been positioned and the pin 23 is secured in the dowel 33, the L-shaped profile 22 is placed horizontally with its through hole 25 above the pin 23 against the free washer 29, which is opposite the stopper, which is positioned against the stopper 35 of the pin 23. This is shown in FIG. 15. Lateral displacement, in the case of FIG. 15 - to the left, slidingly moves the free washer 29 between the bent flanges 31 of the L-shaped profile 22. Thus, a fixed, but still sufficiently movable connected adjustable whole is obtained with sufficient space above the building element 4 for transferring the L-shaped profile 22 from the horizontal position into a vertical position, with the folded edge 24 engaging in the groove 15 in the location of the break 19.

As already mentioned above, the L-shaped profile 22 will be able to move a few millimeters in the groove 15, thus obtaining a limited free play in the mount.

The depth to which the pin 23 is recessed into the hole 31 can then be slightly changed by turning the adjusting screw 27 before the clamping screw 28 is secured to the pin 23.

By compressing this adjusting screw 27, the fastening member 21 moves closer or further, so the building block 4 can be adjusted and the outer wall 5 is completely and correctly aligned. Once the correct adjustment has been obtained, the clamping screw 28 can be finally compressed so that the washer 29 and the L-profile 22 are fixed between the clamping screw 28 and the stopper 35 of the pin 23. This is shown in FIG. 17.

In this way, the outer wall 5 is firmly anchored, the building element 4 behind the building element, and significant portions of the outer wall 5 can be constructed without fear that a gust of wind or other unforeseen load may cause the new brickwork to deform or fall.

It is important to note that the L-shaped profile 22 can no longer be removed from the groove 15 after the overlying layer of building elements 4 has been laid.

Building elements 4 are supported above a window, door or other openings by L-shaped lintels, as in traditional brickwork.

It is clear that the building elements 4 can be provided with the L-profiles 22 already in advance. This means: L-shaped profiles 22 are fixed using the folded edge 24 in the groove 15 at the break location 19, for example when the connecting piece 14 is glued or mechanically attached to the building element 4. The fixing pin 23 and the corresponding means 26 will then be adapted and applied in appropriate form.

According to a preferred characteristic, the pin 23 is provided with a size indication from which it is clear how deeply the pin 23 is inserted into the hole 31.

This has the advantage that when the first pin 23 is inserted and adjusted, it can be read how deep the pin 23 goes into the hole, so the same depth can be used for other pins 23, without the need for measurement, after which the L-shaped profile 22 is fixed. to pin 23.

This size indication can be performed in various ways: for example, by parallel numbered lines on the pin 23, as on a measuring ruler, or by successive colored rings on the pin 23.

Since the building elements 4 always have the same height and the pin 23 with its size indication in numbered lines or painted rings can be adjusted sequentially, traditional means, such as building posts and laying harnesses, to keep the wall exactly horizontal and vertical are no longer required. The traditional system can, however, also be used. However, it must be ensured that the wall to which the pin 23 is fixed is vertical and the foundations on which the first layer of the building elements 4 is laid are horizontal.

In the last step, jointing mortar can be applied to all joints. The flanges 17b of the connecting piece 14 will retain the mortar in the horizontal joint between the building elements 4 so that during the joint the mortar cannot enter the hollow wall, i. E. the space between the outer wall 5 and the inner wall 10.

If the masonry stones 7 are cemented on top of each other with mortar with a joint thickness of, for example, one centimeter, the flange 17b will also be approximately one centimeter thick, so a one centimeter connection can be obtained between the corresponding building elements 4. It is obvious that the thickness of the flange 17b will determine the thickness of the joint. If the masonry stones 7 of the building element 4 are glued to each other in such a way that there is no actual connection between the masonry stones 7, the flange 17b will only be a few millimeters thick, since there is also no need for a connection between the building elements 4.

On the stepped sides of the building elements 4, insulation will be placed to allow the joining of the stepped sides, while this insulation will also prevent the jointing mortar from entering the hollow wall.

If the building elements 4 are to be used with direct engagement 8 as shown in FIG. 8 and 9, the construction technology will be slightly different from that described above.

Indeed, it would then be impossible to have the building elements 4 below the vertical line above the connecting element 14 of the underlying building elements 4. The building elements 4 will have to be slidably moved into place sideways over the connecting element 14.

The last building element 4 of building level 3 and the corner building elements 4, however, cannot be guided laterally.

To solve this, with such building elements 4, a groove 15a is formed on the rear part, which is the side of the cavity. This is shown in FIG. 18 and 19 for the corner building piece 4 and the flat building piece 4, respectively.

With the corner building element 4, the groove 15a is formed entirely on one side of the corner.

The corner building element 4 can be guided by the other side without a groove 15 along the connecting element 14 of the underlying building layer 3.

By using the not yet fully advanced corner building piece 4 against the adjacent building piece 4, the last building piece 4 can be stacked, after which the corner building piece 4 can be guided into place, with the base of the side of the corner building piece 4 facing the connecting piece 14. This means that this last connecting element 14 is not fixed.

For the building member 4, as shown in FIG. 19, this building element will be able to be positioned last, whereby the groove 15a of the building element can be placed opposite the upward end edge 16 of the connecting element 14 by sliding it perpendicular to the surface of the wall 5.

Here, at least one additional attachment should preferably be made to the transverse building element 4.

This can, for example, but not necessarily be done with a pre-inserted pin 34 at the rear of the corresponding building element 4.

After placing the building element 4, this pin 34 will be advanced and secured behind the side building element 4.

The above method is also possible with glued brickwork with a joint of, for example, 3 mm, and with brickwork with a joint of 10 mm or more.

In the case of masonry with a joint of 10 millimeters or more, it is also possible to make the rising end edge 16 slightly less high than the combined thickness that will be provided.

As a result, the last building element 4 will be able to move between the already placed building elements 4 of the building layer 3 in a perpendicular direction to the surface of the wall 5 until it moves opposite the connecting element 14 and rises along the connecting element 14, after which it reaches the required position ...

Preferably, the aforementioned building elements 4 can be hand-made or they can be machine-made and made in a workshop. In the latter case, it is possible, for example, to follow the known techniques for the production of brickwork by the factory method.

This does not preclude the use of large sizes of reinforcing fabric or mesh on the rear of the building elements 4 in order to guarantee safety during transport and during the placement of the building elements.

The various modules are placed by type in colored shipping boxes or pallets 13, the colors of which correspond, for example, to those mentioned on the building plan 12, for transportation to construction sites or building locations.

FIG. 20 and 21 illustrate two alternative embodiments for an L-shaped profile 22 not provided with the aforementioned folded edge 24.

FIG. 20, the break 19 in the flange 17b of the connecting element 14 is T-shaped, whereby one support post of the L-shaped profile 22 has an end of the corresponding shape 36, thus it is placed in the above-mentioned break 19 and is fixed therein.

Also in this case, the L-shaped profile 22 will, depending on the need for fastening, be able to move sideways a few millimeters to the left or right in the gap 19, because the latter is slightly larger.

It should be noted here that it is important that the large dimensions of the gap 19 preferably allow only lateral displacement and do not allow forward and backward movement, which means that the building element 4 or the connecting element 14 moves from and towards the building element 4 or the connecting element 14. This can be achieved by ensuring that the dimensions of A and B are equal as indicated in FIG. twenty.

Obviously, a certain shape is only one possibility, and it should be understood that other shapes other than the T-shape are also possible, such as a dovetail shape.

FIG. 20, the connecting piece 14 has a break 19 in the flange 17b and at the upward end edge 16, so that the slot 15 is completely free.

One support leg of the L-shaped profile 22 has a through hole 37, so the L-shaped profile 22 can be screwed tightly with a screw or the like, which can be fixed through the through hole 37 in the groove 15.

The screw can be a regular screw or a screw that expands on the lateral sides when screwed, thus automatically fixing in the groove 15.

Also for these last two embodiments of the L-shaped profile 22, the overlying building elements 4 will prevent the L-shaped profile 22 from exiting the slot 15.

The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiment described as an example and shown in the Figures, but the building system according to the invention and the building elements used therein can be implemented in all kinds of shapes, materials and sizes for various applications such as in walls. , floors and ceilings, for use in internal and external work in all types of buildings and structures, without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (29)

1. A building system for erecting a wall (5) in masonry stone (7), characterized by the fact that it consists of prefabricated building elements (4), consisting of two or more layers (6) of masonry stones (7), laid out brick, attached, glued to each other, while the building elements (4) have a stepped shape (8) on at least one lateral side in such a way that the building elements (4) are fitted sideways with their stepped (8) side to each other to each other and on top of each other and can be handled and stacked by one person or two people, while in the outer layer (6) of the masonry stones (7) the groove (15) is used in the longitudinal direction of the masonry stones (7), at the same time, on the other outer layer (6) of masonry stones, the connecting element (14) is used with an ascending end edge (16), while both outer layers (6) of masonry stones (7) are provided with a groove (15), in this case, the connecting element (14) has a T- or cruciform cross-section, the connecting element (14) is cemented or glued with the flange (17a) in the groove (15), and the wall (5) is constructed with these prefabricated building elements (4) by adapting the groove (15) and the rising edge (16) of the prefabricated building elements (4) stacked on top of each other, in each other without bonding agents used on the construction site, the connecting element (14) is provided with one or more local breaks (19) in one or more of its flanges (17b), thus, the groove (15) is free at the level of these breaks (19). 2. Construction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element (14) is attached to the outer layer (6) of the masonry stones (7) by means of adhesives, mechanical fastening, cement. 3. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (14) extends in one or more parts along the entire length of the corresponding outer layer (6) of the masonry stones (7). 4. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting element (14) projects in its longitudinal direction along one side above the masonry stones (7) by a distance of 0.5 to 15 mm. 5. The building system according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that a limited number of types of building elements (4) are used, including one or more of the following types, or a combination thereof: - flat building elements for the formation of a straight wall or gable end with / on both sides in a stepped shape in layers shifted sideways relative to each other, while the stepped shape, depending on the requirements, is negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof, - flat building elements for the formation of a door or window opening, with / on one side in a stepped shape and with / on the other side in a non-stepped straight shape to form the opening of the opening, whereby the stepped side (8) is positive, negative, straight or a combination thereof, - corner building elements for erecting the corner of the outer wall, whereby the sides on one or both sides have a stepped shape, whereby the stepped shape, depending on the requirements, is positive, negative, straight or a combination thereof. 6. A building system according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the required building elements (4) are marked on the building plan (12) in advance, and the individual building elements (4) are marked or designated by separate types. 7. Construction system according to claim 6, characterized in that individual types are marked or indicated by colors, shading, numbering. 8. Construction system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, based on the construction plan (12), the required types and numbers of building elements (4) are determined, and the corresponding numbers and types are supplied to the construction site. 9. Construction system according to claim 8, characterized in that the construction elements (4) are delivered to the construction site in boxes or pallets (13) by type, the type being defined on the box or on the pallet (13) in the same way as on construction plan (12). 10. Building system according to claim 9, characterized in that the type is defined on the box or on the pallet (13) in the same way as on the building plan (12), in the same color, shading, numbering. 11. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight of the building elements (4) is lighter than 40 kg. 12. Building system according to claim 11, characterized in that the weight of the building elements (4) is lighter than 20 kg. 13. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building elements (4) are manufactured according to a freely chosen masonry joint. 14. A building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for the production of building elements (4), the masonry stones (7) are laid in a mold provided for this purpose and connected to each other by means of glue or mortar and cured or kept temporarily in shape until the adhesive or mortar binds sufficiently to allow the formed building elements (4) to be handled. 15. Building system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building elements are provided with fasteners (21) in advance, or the fastening element (21) is fixed in the aforementioned groove (15) of one or more masonry stones (7) or on the outer layer (6), mechanically fixed or screwed to connect this building element (4) to the inner wall (20). 16. Construction system according to claim 15, characterized in that the fasteners (21) are attached in the groove (15) or on the outer layer (6) of the masonry stones (7) in the location of the above-mentioned breaks (19) in the flanges (17b) of the connecting element (14). 17. Construction system according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that fasteners (21) in the form of a mainly L-shaped profile (22) and a corresponding associated pin (23) are used, wherein one support leg of the L-shaped profile ( 22) has a folded edge (24) intended for use in the aforementioned groove (15), while the other support post has a through hole (25) for a pin (23) for attaching the fastening element (21) to the inner wall (20). 18. Construction system according to claim 14, characterized in that the pin 23 is provided with means (26) for fixing the pin (23) relative to the L-shaped profile (22). 19. Construction system according to claim 15, characterized in that the above-mentioned means (26) consist of an adjusting screw (27) applied to the pin (23) and a clamping screw (28) rotatably applied to the pin (23 ), and a washer (29) applied fixed to the pin (23), whereby the adjusting screw (27) and the clamping screw (28) fit through the aforementioned through hole, but the washer (29) is not, and at the same time the L-shaped profile (22) is fixed between the clamping screw (28) and the washer (29).

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