RU2757871C2 - Formwork profile for brick (or block) masonry and brick (or block) masonry using such a profile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technology of production of building materials; it can be used in all areas of construction. A formwork profile, designed for the construction of brick masonry of bricks or blocks having square, rectangular or rounded recesses located along their entire length from above and below, is characterized by that it has protrusions corresponding in terms of the size to recesses of bricks or blocks, and along its entire length, slots are made from above and below for pouring construction mixture or conducting engineering communications. Brick or block masonry is also described, which includes rows of laid bricks or blocks having square, rectangular or rounded recesses located along their entire length from above and below, alternating with formwork profiles laid in recesses of bricks or blocks, the inner cavity of which is filled with mortar. At the same time, some of bricks or blocks additionally have recesses placed on their opposite ends to accommodate cables, wires and water pipes.

EFFECT: increase in the quality of brick masonry.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the production of building materials and can be used in all areas of construction.

In recent decades, the construction industry has undergone great changes for the better. There are many new building materials from all possible materials that are manufactured with great precision. There are also a lot of metal and plastic construction profiles, which are also produced with very high precision at a very reasonable price. These changes also affected the production of bricks. Nowadays, bricks are produced with great precision. Recently, forms of bricks have appeared that can improve the quality of brickwork, in particular, having channels of different cross-sections.

Another feature of the modern construction industry is the use of all kinds of materials (metals, concrete, plastic, wood, etc.) in all kinds of combinations, combinations with each other. Only brickwork and formwork profiles were affected to a lesser extent by these changes. It can be argued that a certain gap has formed between the development of technologies for the production of building materials and bricks (blocks) and the technology of using building materials and bricks. This gap, sooner or later, will be closed. The masonry technique and formwork profile for masonry proposed in this application are capable of making a significant breakthrough in this area.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of brickwork and reduce the corresponding construction costs.

In this application, we propose a new form of the formwork profile and the corresponding type of brickwork (concrete blocks), made in such a way that recesses (channels) are made along the entire length of the brick from above and below.

The drawing shows the shape of the brick used for this masonry. The top and bottom views of the bricks are the same. Depending on the shape of the recess, it is offered for such masonry in two types - the basic type and the alternative type. Basic type of brick: end view - fig. 1, top and bottom view (it is the same) - FIG. 2. Alternative type of brick: end view - fig. 3, top and bottom view (it is the same) - FIG. 2. The approximate depth of the recess is 1 cm, the width is 2 cm, but the given dimensions of the recess are given approximately, as it is approved by SNIP. The type of brick, in which there are recesses also at the ends, is shown in Fig. 4. An alternative type of brick will be used for laying communications (cables, water pipes, etc.).

Our offered masonry formwork profile and masonry using such a profile have many functions.

1) Increasing the productivity of a bricklayer and increasing the strength and quality of the masonry. This is achieved by laying straight building profiles in the grooves (recesses) along the entire length of the masonry. Such masonry can be carried out by a person who first picked up a construction trowel for laying bricks. Facing masonry can be carried out both by the usual traditional method (laying mortar on both sides of the profile), and semi-automatically, that is, filling the joints with mortar using a "pistol" that regulates the supply of mortar under pressure.

The productivity of masonry increases dramatically when laying bricks under plaster (such masonry is now massively used for the construction of partitions in residential multi-storey buildings). The guide profiles are laid on the grooves along the entire length and immediately poured on top in a small amount of mortar, without worrying about the complete filling of the joints. This mortar application is intended to anchor the entire wall. Complete filling of the joints is carried out during the plastering process.

2) These recesses allow for exotic (conventional name) brickwork, in which the brickwork alternates with a formwork profile. In this case, the brickwork serves a double role: the first is the usual facing brickwork (the role of a guide); the second (most important) - acts as a formwork holder for pouring construction-concrete mixture (all types).

The profile offered for such masonry is made in such a way that there are large slots along the entire length above and below for pouring the construction mixture (concrete). The profile is shown in the drawing: end view - Fig. 5, top and bottom view - FIG. 6. In FIG. 5, number 1 denotes a brick, number 2 - a formwork profile. FIG. 6, number 3 denotes the slots for pouring the mortar, number 4 - retaining strips.

The height of the formwork depends on the strength of the material from which the formwork is made and the formwork structure. As formwork, you can use plastics and metals (including non-ferrous). The front side of the formwork is decorative.

Such "masonry" will look aesthetically impressive. It can be most used in various design projects.

3) It is easy to guess that the voids that are formed during masonry (inside profiles or without profiles) are suitable for carrying various cables, wires (for wiring electric current, the Internet, etc.). Plumbing and heating can be carried out through these voids. In this case, brick partitions can act as heating elements or, conversely, air conditioners. With such a laying, bricks will be needed, which have recesses at the ends (Fig. 4).

4) "Economical masonry". With such laying, a profile with a length of 1.5-2 meters is used. Such laying is carried out as follows. Brickwork is laid on the profile in the usual way and as it is laid, the profile moves forward. In place of the profile, an empty closed channel (tunnel) remains, which contributes to additional thermal insulation.

In practice, masonry can be carried out as follows: 3-4 rows of "economical masonry" are alternated by masonry with a building profile.

The question may arise about the rise in the price of such masonry. If we count all the pros and cons, then in fact we "go to zero." But if we take into account an increase in labor productivity, an improvement in the quality of masonry, then such masonry is in demand over time. Masonry using profiles has its advantages in the process of masonry robotics.

The laying of bricks (blocks) with profiles increases the strength of the masonry (reinforced brickwork is obtained), therefore, such masonry is required in earthquake-prone areas.

Such bricks (blocks) externally (except for the ends) are no different from ordinary bricks (blocks), therefore, they can be used in combination with ordinary bricks (blocks). Where ordinary ones are required, they are laid with ordinary ones, and where bricks (blocks) of a new shape are required, they are laid with bricks (blocks) of a new shape. The scope of application in general of bricks and blocks is expanding.

Claims (3)

1. A formwork profile designed for the construction of brickwork from bricks or blocks having square, rectangular or round depressions located along their entire length from above and below, characterized by the fact that it has protrusions corresponding in size to the depressions of bricks or blocks, and throughout its length, top and bottom, are made of slots for pouring a building mixture or carrying out utilities. 2. Brick or block masonry, including rows of laid bricks or blocks, having square, rectangular or round depressions located along their entire length above and below, alternating with formwork profiles laid in the depressions of bricks or blocks according to claim 1, the internal cavity of which is filled mortar. 3. Brick or block masonry according to claim 2, characterized in that some of the bricks or blocks additionally have recesses located at their opposite ends to accommodate cables, wires and water pipes.

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