RU2749262C1 - Installation for deep processing of fuel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of refining petroleum products in order to improve their characteristics, can be used for the processing of all grades of fuel oil, both separately and in a mixed state in any percentage ratio. The installation for deep processing of fuel oil includes a tank for storing feedstock, a storage tank for the final product, a lower vacuum column, an upper vacuum column. There are spray nozzles for supplying feedstock at the bottom of the lower vacuum column. The spray nozzles are directed to the vacuum zone. A blind plate is installed under the spray nozzles to collect the heavy fraction and additional evaporation, there are two irrigation systems made in the form of a cascade, which are structurally located inside the apparatus, there is a block of heat exchangers, where the light fraction is removed from the upper part of the upper vacuum column, and the spray nozzles are located upward and have a dispersion angle 90° for increased spray area and high temperature evaporation.EFFECT: invention increases the processing depth of all types of fuel oil due to the use of spray nozzles in the feed pump. The invention simplifies the technological process and reduces the cost of the installation due to the absence of two irrigation systems - we do not remove the two irrigation systems, but change them with additional technological equipment, which makes it possible to increase the profitability of the entire processing industry and namely to reduce financial costs, reduce time during installation work. There is no need to build foundations for the main devices and at the same time it becomes possible to make a mobile installation.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of refining petroleum products in order to improve their characteristics, can be used for the processing of all grades of fuel oil, both separately and in a mixed state in any percentage ratio.

The most famous and widely used deep processing processes are catalytic - catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, etc. (Sukhanov VP Catalytic processes in oil refining. M., "Chemistry", 1973. Prokopyuk SG, Masagutov PM Industrial catalytic cracking units . M., "Chemistry", 1974).

The essence of catalytic cracking is that the breaking of bonds occurs in the presence of a catalyst, at a high temperature (450-550 ° C and above) and pressure (up to 15 MPa), which leads to a serious increase in capital costs, in hydrocracking - in a hydrogen environment. Catalytic cracking and hydrocracking in various versions (with a stationary catalyst, with a fluidized bed of catalyst, etc., with various types of catalysts) are widely used in world practice, one of the disadvantages is the very high cost of the process (equipment, catalysts, catalyst regeneration process). etc.). In the processes of catalytic cracking, the feedstock, and in the case of hydrocracking, the feedstock and hydrogen are heated and sent to a reactor with a catalyst, then the reaction products are sent to the unit for rectification and preparation of commercial products. Thus, the feedstock is in direct contact with the catalyst in the reactor, hence the main disadvantage of these processes - poisoning of the catalyst by harmful impurities contained in the feedstock, and coking of the catalyst surface with heavy reaction products. This leads to the fact that in order to maintain the operability of the processing complex, it is necessary to use processes and equipment for the regeneration or replacement of the spent catalyst, which ultimately leads to a significant complication and increase in the cost of the process equipment, current and capital costs, and complication of the process. In addition, there are always heavy residues such as tar, coke, i.e. there is no need to talk about 100% processing depth.

From the patent No. 2408656 known installation for combined processing of oil-containing feedstock, including a container for storing feedstock, a wave action device including a generator of oscillations and their emitter, a cracking reactor, a device for cooling and condensation of the final product, storage tanks for the final product and residue. It contains a hydrodynamic device, mainly of a rotary-cavitation type, connected with a storage tank for feedstock and with a cracking reactor, a vacuum stripping column connected to the device for stripping light fractions, a separator connected in series to a cracking reactor for separating gaseous hydrocarbons from liquid, a vacuum fractional column, a vacuum-plasma reactor and a condenser-cooler, as well as a vacuum line, lines for recirculation of the residues of the distillation of light fractions, part of the residues of fractionation, part of the distillation of condensed fractions, as well as devices for supplying hydrogen, hydrogen-containing gases, activating substances, catalysts, and the cracking reactor is made in the form of a hydrocatalytic reactor with a container inside for placing catalysts in the form of large particles, and an oscillation emitter, mainly of a magnetostrictive rod type, is connected to the cracking reactor.

The well-known installation is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the depth of processing of any types of fuel oil due to the use of spray nozzles in the feed pump - which are located or installed in the lower vacuum column, where the nozzles are directed upwards, and the scattering angle is 90 ° to increase the area of spraying and evaporation at high temperatures in vacuum chamber - vacuum zone in the lower vacuum column.

The invention simplifies the technological process and reduces the cost of the installation due to the absence of two irrigation systems - we do not remove the two irrigation systems, but change them with additional technological equipment, which makes it possible to increase the profitability of the entire processing industry: reduce financial costs, reduce the time during installation work - there is no need to build foundations for the main devices and at the same time it becomes possible to make a mobile installation.

A plant for deep processing of fuel oil is declared, including a tank for storing feedstock, a vacuum column for stripping light fractions, a device for cooling and condensation of the final product, a storage tank for the final product, characterized in that the vacuum column consists of two parts, in the lower part of the lower The vacuum columns are equipped with spray nozzles directed to the vacuum zone, there are two irrigation systems made in the form of a cascade, which are structurally located inside the apparatus, buffer tanks, pumps and pipelines.

Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray nozzles are arranged in four rows in the amount of 16 pieces upward and have a diffusion angle of 90 °.

The main apparatus of the installation - the vacuum column consists of two parts, the lower part of the vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 10) and the upper part of the vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 12). This is done in order to reduce the financial costs of manufacturing the main unit, reduce costs and time during installation. In addition, there is no need to build a foundation for the main apparatus and at the same time it becomes possible to make a mobile installation. All equipment is housed in two containers.

The absence of live steam in the technological process allows at the final stage to obtain a non-watered final product.

In the known technical solutions, live steam is fed into a vacuum column for constant heating of fuel oil, which is located in the lower part of the lower vacuum column, thereby facilitating the evaporation of the remaining light fraction and, together with the light fraction, rises to the upper part of the vacuum column. Steam is superheated water, and when the light fraction is cooled to obtain a component of the diesel fraction, the steam turns back to its original state - into water, and at the final stage a watered oil product is obtained. Receiving steam and supplying it to the installation is additional technological and boiler supervision equipment, the process of generating steam itself is also energy-intensive.

There are two irrigation schemes (in the form of a cascade), which are structurally located inside the apparatus without the involvement of additional technological equipment. These are buffer tanks, pumps and pipelines.

The invention is illustrated by illustration.

Figure 1 shows an installation for deep processing of fuel oil, where:

1 - tank E-1 for receiving, storing and pumping out raw materials to the installation,

2 - tank E-2 for receiving, storing and pumping out raw materials to the installation,

3 - F-1 coarse filter,

4 - pump Н-1 for supplying raw materials to the installation,

5 - flow meter,

6 - control valve RK-1,

7 - heat exchanger T-1,

8 - disintegrator D-1,

9 - furnace P-1,

10 - the lower part of the K-1 vacuum column,

11 - pump Н-2 for pumping out the finished fuel oil product,

12 - the upper part of the K-1 vacuum column,

13 - heat exchanger T-2/1, two-way,

14 - heat exchanger Т-2/2, four-way,

15 - pump H-3 for pumping thermal oil,

16 - air cooler VO-1,

17 - container for receiving thermal oil,

18 - capacity for receiving KDT (diesel fuel component),

19 - vacuum pump H-4,

20 - pump Н-5 for pumping out CDT.

The claimed device operates as follows.

Prepared and heated raw material (fuel oil) with temperatures from + 40 ° C to + 60 ° C from containers E-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 1) and E-2 (Fig. 1, pos. 2) for receiving, storage and pumping feedstock to the unit through the filter F-1 (Fig. 1, item 3) is fed to the pump intake N-1 (Fig. 1, item 4) for supplying the feedstock to the unit through the pipeline DN80 mm. Further, the pump N-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 4) feeds the raw material through the flow meter (Fig. 1, pos. 5) and the control valve RK-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 6), which are designed to control and regulate the productivity of the installation work. After that, the raw material enters the T-1 heat exchanger (Fig. 1, item 7), the design of the heat exchanger is a pipe in a pipe, where the supplied raw material is fed through the external circuit to simplify the start-up of the installation in the cold season. When the unit is operating at the outlet of the heat exchanger T-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 7), due to the counter flow from the lower bottom part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 10), the raw material is heated from + 60 ° C to +90 ° C. Partially heated raw material is pumped through the disintegrator D-1 (Fig. 1 pos. 8) and then into the furnace P-1 (Fig. 1 pos. 9), where the raw material is heated to an operating temperature from + 260 ° C to + 360 ° C. The temperature depends on the composition of the raw material and the need to heat it. All indications for flow rate, temperature, control panel for the control valve, buttons for starting and stopping the pump are displayed on the control panel in the operator room.

Disintegrator D-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 8) is designed to produce a homogeneous polydisperse product by impact treatment. Further, the initially prepared raw material is heated in the P-1 furnace (Fig. 1, item 9), where, under the influence of high temperature, the vibrational levels of the molecules are excited, and when the critical temperature is reached, the bonds are broken and the formation of one, with a high probability of a heavy molecule, two more lungs, etc. This technology is based on a combined thermomechanical action on raw materials.

The vacuum column consists of two parts: the lower part of the K-1 vacuum column (Fig. 1, pos. 10) and the upper part of the K-1 vacuum column (Fig. 1, pos. 12). During the operation of the pump for supplying raw materials, excessive pressure is created in the discharge pipeline, through which the raw material is fed through the disintegrator, where, due to mechanical action on the raw material, long hydrocarbon molecules break into shorter ones, then the raw material enters the furnace, where due to high temperatures it contributes to the fastest rupture molecules of hydrocarbons, and then to the spray nozzles, which are installed in the lower part of the lower vacuum column and directed to the vacuum zone.

Two irrigation systems are made in the form of a cascade, which are structurally located inside the apparatus.

The main task of this vacuum tower is not to make the maximum selection of light fractions from fuel oil to obtain the diesel fuel component, low-viscosity, medium-viscous, viscous oil fractions and tar, but to obtain only the diesel fraction as much as possible, use residual fuel oil as intended as heating oil. For this reason, the standard irrigation system has been modified and implemented as a cascade. When the irrigation system operates in the form of a cascade, part of the technological equipment is freed, since to obtain each of the three additional above fractions, it is necessary to have one buffer tank, one explosion-proof pump, two water heat exchangers, two air heat exchangers and a large number of pipelines for connecting all devices, as well as control valves and shut-off valves.

After the furnace P-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 9), the raw material enters the lower part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 10). During operation of the feed pump H-1 (Fig. 1, item 4), excessive pressure is created in the discharge pipeline, then the raw material in the P-1 furnace (Fig. 1, item 9) is heated to an operating temperature from + 260 ° C to + 360 ° C and is fed through 16 spray nozzles located in four rows in the lower part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 10). The spray nozzles are directed upwards and the dispersion angle is 90 °. In the evaporation zone, during the operation of the nozzles, spraying from the formed light fraction occurs. When processing the prepared raw materials in the vacuum zone in the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 10), the yield of light products increases to 50% of the total volume of raw materials (fuel oil).

The raw material is fed into the apparatus into the evaporation zone through spray nozzles, under which a blind plate is installed to collect the heavy fraction and additional evaporation. When filling a blind tray through the holes tar or heavy fuel oil enters the lower bottom part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. Pos. 10). The lower part of the K-1 vacuum column (Fig. 1, item 10) is designed for vacuum distillation of flash fuel oil. On the lower part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 10), a remote level sensor is installed, on which the minimum and maximum values are set, when collecting heavy oil in the lower bottom part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 10). 10) up to 80% the sensor is triggered and the pump Н-2 is automatically switched on (Fig. 1, pos. 11). Hot heavy oil is pumped through the heat exchanger T-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 7) along the internal circuit and then to the pump intake N-2 (Fig. 1, pos. 11). The pump N-2 (Fig. 1, item 11) is used to pump the finished product (fuel oil) to the park. Pump Н-2 (Fig. 1, item 11) stops when a minimum level of 20% is reached in the lower part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 10). All readings of the level sensor and pump operation are displayed on the control panel in the operator room. The light fraction rises up and passes a series of S-shaped trays, then through the packing into the upper part of the lower vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 10) and then through the pipeline DN100 mm, hydrocarbon vapors enter the lower part of the upper vacuum column K- 1 (Fig. 1, pos. 12), where the residues of the heavy fraction are separated from the light one. Light hydrocarbons rise up and pass through the S-shaped plate, packing and drop baffle, which are located in the upper part of the upper vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 12) and then the light fraction is discharged to the heat exchanger block. The heavier fraction (the first irrigation line) from the baffle drop as reflux goes back through the packing and the S-shaped plate and due to the counter flow the fraction is enriched with light hydrocarbons in the upper part of the upper vacuum column K-1 (Fig. 1, item 12) ... In the lower part of the upper vacuum column (Fig. 1, item 12), reflux is formed or collected from heavy fractions from two streams and (second irrigation line) and is fed through the irrigation line to spray nozzles that are installed above the nozzle in the upper part of the lower vacuum column K -1 (Fig. 1 pos. 10). Due to the counter flow, the fraction is enriched with light hydrocarbons, which rise upward, and the heavy hydrocarbon fraction as reflux passes through the packing and a number of trays, constantly being in the counter flow zone. The heaviest hydrocarbons enter the evaporation zone on a dead plate.

The block of heat exchangers consists of two heat exchangers T-2/1 (Fig. 1, pos. 13) and T-2/2 (Fig. 1, pos. 14), which are connected in series to the technological scheme. The heat exchanger T-2/1 (Fig. 1, pos. 13) is two-way in design, and the heat exchanger T-2/2 (Fig. 1, pos. 14) is four-pass in design. A light vapor fraction is supplied through the tube space of the heat exchangers, and through the annular space of the heat exchangers T-2/1 (Fig. 1, pos. 13) and T-2 / (Fig. 1, pos. 14), pumps N-3 (Fig. 1, pos. .15), the AMT-300 brand thermal oil is supplied according to the following scheme. From the tank E-3 (Fig. 1, pos. 17), the thermal oil is supplied to the pump intake H-3 (Fig. 1, pos. 15), then the thermal oil is fed into the shell space of the heat exchangers T-2/1 (Fig. 1, pos. 13) , T-2/2 (Fig. 1, item 14), where heat energy is taken off when the light vapor fraction is cooled. After that, the thermal oil enters the tank E-3 (Fig. 1, pos. 17) through the air cooler VO-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 16), where it is pre-cooled.

At the exit from the block of heat exchangers, the cooling of hydrocarbon vapors takes place, followed by collection of condensate in the tank E-4 (Fig. 1, pos. 18) and this fraction is called - a component of diesel fuel (CDF). For a faster extraction of the vapor phase, a vacuum water-ring pump VVN 1-1.5 UHL 4, N-4 (Fig. 1 pos. 19) is installed, with the help of which a vacuum is created up to minus 1 kg / cm ² . The pump is installed in the upper part of the tank E-4 (Fig. 1, pos. 18) in order to create a vacuum throughout the technological scheme, starting from the reactor R-1 (Fig. 1, pos. 10), where the vapor phase is formed and up to the tank E-4 (Fig. 1 pos. 18), where the steam condensate is collected. On the tank E-4 (Fig. 1, pos. 18), a remote level sensor is installed, on which the minimum and maximum values are set, when a light oil product is collected up to 80%, the sensor is triggered and the pump H-5 is automatically turned on (Fig. 1, pos. 20), the finished product of KDT is pumped into the park. The pump H-5 (Fig. 1, pos. 20) stops when the minimum level of 20% in the tank E-4 is reached (Fig. 1, pos. 18). All readings of the level sensor and pump operation are displayed on the control panel in the control room.

The claimed installation with a capacity of up to 30 tons per day can process all brands of fuel oil both separately and in a mixed state in any percentage of fuel oil. The main requirement for the quality of raw materials is that the water content is not more than 1% and the content of mechanical impurities is not more than 1%.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for deep processing of fuel oil, including a tank for storing feedstock, a storage tank for the final product, a lower vacuum column, an upper vacuum column, in the lower part of the lower vacuum column there are spray nozzles for feeding the feedstock directed to the vacuum zone, under the spray nozzles a blind plate is installed to collect the heavy fraction and additional evaporation, there are two irrigation systems made in the form of a cascade, which are structurally located inside the apparatus, there is a block of heat exchangers where the light fraction is removed from the upper part of the upper vacuum column, and the spray nozzles are located upward and have a 90 ° dispersion angle to increase the spray area and vaporization at high temperatures. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray nozzles are arranged in four rows in the amount of 16 pieces.

Images