RU2744048C1 - Method and system for rolling stock monitoring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rolling stock monitoring.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the system and method of rolling stock monitoring. System contains the following units: wheel sensors, controllers, gateways, data storage unit and user interface. The wheel sensors are connected to the measuring device and are mounted in pairs on the rails, at least at the beginning and at the end of each block section of the track. The sensors are designed with the possibility of counting the number of axles of the rolling stock elements by generating electrical signals when the axles of the rolling stock pass along the sensors. Each pair of sensors is connected to controllers and through gateways with a data collection and processing unit. The gateways are configured to exchange data with the data collection and processing unit, to which the data storage unit and the user interface are also connected. Direction determination modules and internal memory devices are also connected to the controllers.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of data on the condition of rolling stock cars.

13 cl. 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for dispatching control of rail vehicles, in particular to devices for registration and location of rolling stock [B61L25 / 02].

From the prior art, the COMPLEX OF AUTOMATED ACCOUNTING OF CAR TURNOVER is known [RU110354 (U1), publ .: 20.11.2011], characterized in that it contains a system for reading car numbers, a system for processing and transmitting read data, a system for recognizing car numbers, a system for centralized collection, transmission and long-term data storage, an automated workstation (AWS) of the administrator, while the system for reading carriage numbers contains at least one reading point, made in the form of two supports installed on both sides of the monitored railway track, on which the optical registration unit is mounted equipped with TV cameras, and a lighting unit formed by LED lamps, and also containing a sensor subsystem for positioning the car, consisting of sensors placed on supports and magnetic sensors located on the same rail on opposite sides of the axis connecting opposite TV cameras, a processing and transmission system of read data is connected to the system for reading car numbers, is equipped with a local server and contains a controller, a local data transmission module, a remote data transmission module located in a container, a car number recognition system is connected to a system for processing and transmitting read data and contains a video server at each reading point, software modules for counting cars, video capture, recognition of car numbers, an operational archive of video data and an archive of trains, a system for centralized collection, transmission and long-term storage of data is a central post containing a long-term data storage consisting of storage modules, a software module for maintaining databases and a central server control connected with the systems of reading, recognition via Ethernet and equipped with a software module for integration with the enterprise's automated control system, the automated workstation (AWP) of the administrator contains a software module for monitoring the state of the complex (K AU-V) and a software module for controlling the reading system.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low reliability of the complex, the high labor intensity of its installation and maintenance, and high labor costs in manufacturing, due to its complex design and the presence of a large number of external sensors for recognizing cars.

Also known is the CONTROL SYSTEM OF MOVING OBJECTS AT A RAILWAY STATION [RU2567306 (C1), publ .: 10.11.2015], containing switches installed on the track circuits separating the tracks of the horizontal parks of the station from the shunting areas and from the entrance and exit throats of the station, reversible sensing axes, the outputs are connected through the signal processing unit to the first input of the unit for calculating the speed of the moving object, the output of which is connected to the input of the unit for determining the wheel formula of the moving object, the second input connected to the second output of the signal processing unit, and the output to the first input of the central processor, the second input which is connected through a series-connected unit for generating a dynamic model of the station and a data processing unit to the output of the hardware and software device of the electrical interlocking system, a memory unit with inputs / outputs connected to the output / input of the central processor, the second input / output of which is connected through a communication server with the hardware and software device of the automated control system of the station, and the outputs - with the inputs of the units for registering the location of the moving object and registering the state of electrical interlocking devices, the inputs / outputs of which are connected to the hardware and software devices of the automated workstations of the station duty officer and the duty electrician, respectively.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the lack of the ability to determine the location of cars undocked from the rolling stock and their tracking at enterprises with an extensive railway network.

The closest in technical essence is the METHOD FOR IDENTIFICATION OF MOBILE OBJECTS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT [RU2004128902 (A), publ .: 03/10/2006], which consists in recording signals generated at the moment when wheelsets of rolling stock cross two wheel sensors located at the checkpoint and from each other in the direction of motion of the rolling stock at a given fixed distance, the value of which is less than the minimum possible center distance, determining the time intervals between signals from two wheel sensors formed and recorded at the moment of crossing of these sensors by a wheelset and the time intervals between the moments of crossing adjacent wheelsets of a rolling stock composition, according to the values of which, taking into account a given fixed distance between the wheel sensors, the center distance is determined with the subsequent comparison of the obtained data with the previously recorded data in the memory of the measuring device, characterized in that and The time intervals between signals from two wheel sensors formed and recorded at the moment of crossing of these sensors by a wheelset and the time intervals between the moments of intersection of adjacent wheelsets of the rolling stock are determined relative to the signal of the first wheel sensor generated and recorded at the moment of crossing the first wheelset of the train, previously in the memory of the measuring device records data on the structure of the center distance of the wheelsets corresponding to certain types of mobile units and data on the mobile units corresponding to the codes recorded in the memory of passive transponders installed on the rolling stock units, irradiation with a microwave signal of passive transponders is performed from the moment of crossing the first wheel sensor by the first wheelset of the rolling stock, and the code signal is read and written when the transponder enters the microwave signal irradiation zone, while the moment of the transponder entry is recorded into the zone of microwave signal irradiation and the moment of its exit from this irradiation zone, and according to the data obtained, the temporary location of the transponder is determined, according to the time intervals between the recorded signals formed at the moments of crossing the wheel sensors by wheel pairs, the speed and direction of movement of the rolling stock are determined and in In case of missing signals in the record and / or the presence of false signals indicating a change in speed or direction of movement, the frequency of the recorded signals is restored and the center-to-center distances are determined by a given fixed distance between the wheel sensors and the speed of the wheel pairs and compared with the data previously recorded in the memory of the measuring device and, based on the results of the comparison, the structure and type of mobile units and the position of the transponders are determined, according to which the transponders' belonging to the mobile units of the identified composition is determined, and according to the results of the comparison of the code signals, the They determine the type of vehicle and its affiliation, determine the sequence of entry of the vehicles into the train, and record the time of passage of the identified train past the checkpoint.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the high identification error of rolling stock cars with the same center-to-center distances, as well as high labor intensity and labor costs of manufacturing, installation and maintenance of the system that implements the described method, as well as low reliability due to the presence of transponders and microwave signal sources in the design.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of obtaining data on the condition and location of each of the rolling stock cars and the speed of their turnover.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of monitoring rolling stock, characterized by recording signals by wheel sensors, determining the time intervals between signals, determining the types of rolling stock and data on the rolling units from the recorded signals, determining the speed and direction of movement of the rolling stock and fixing the passage time of the identified train along the wheel sensors, characterized in that the initial data corresponding to the elements of the rolling stock is preliminarily recorded in the data collection and processing unit in the sequence of the arrangement of the elements in the rolling stock with the assignment of an individual identifier to each of the elements, the elements of the rolling stock are distributed over the sections, the rolling stock is supplied the train to the station, when the element passes along the wheel sensors mounted, at least at the beginning and end of each of the sections, the number of electric signals formed by the said sensors is counted signals, combine the indicated signals into groups corresponding to the number of axles in the rolling stock element and compare them with the initial data, calculate the parameters of the grouped signals with the possibility of determining the speed and direction of movement of the elements along the sensors and carry out the time binding of each of the group of signals compared with data and time-bound groups of signals are compared with the individual identifiers of each of the elements and the value of the variable X _i is recorded, data on the location and use of each of the elements of the rolling stock are generated from the recorded variables X _{i at the time ∆Т.}

In particular, the individual identifier includes information about the number of axes of the element.

In particular, the individual identifier includes information from the rolling stock list.

In particular, the individual identifier includes information from the item's passport.

In particular, the individual identifier includes the allowed downtime of the item.

In particular, the elements are distributed among the sites depending on their further purpose.

In particular, the speed and direction of movement are determined by the delay in the arrival of electrical signals from the sensors.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a rolling stock monitoring system containing wheel sensors connected to a measuring device, characterized in that the wheel sensors are mounted in pairs on the rails, at least at the beginning and end of each of the monitored block sections of the rail tracks and are made with the possibility of counting the number of axles of the rolling stock elements by generating an electrical signal when passing along the said sensors of the axles of the rolling stock, each of the pairs of sensors is connected to the controllers and through the gateways made with the possibility of exchanging data to the data collection and processing unit, to which the unit is also connected data storage and user interface, direction determination modules and random access memory are connected to the controllers.

In particular, the sensors are mounted before and after the turnout switch.

In particular, the gateways are configured to exchange data via wired communication channels.

In particular, the gateways are designed to exchange data over a radio channel.

In particular, the sensors are inductive.

In particular, the data storage unit is designed as a server.

Brief description of the drawings.

The figure shows a block diagram of a rolling stock monitoring system, which indicates: 1 - sensors, 2 - controllers, 3 - gateways, 4 - data collection and processing unit, 5 - data storage unit, 6 - user interface, 7 - determination module directions of movement, 8 - random access memory.

Implementation of the invention.

Block section - a part of the inter-station haul with automatic blocking or with automatic locomotive signaling, used as an independent means of signaling and communication, limited by traffic lights (boundaries of block sections) or traffic lights (border of block sections) and entrance traffic lights of a railway station, as well as exit traffic light and the first passing traffic light (the border of the block section).

A turnout is a track connecting device that is designed to transfer rolling stock from one track to another. When several parallel tracks are connected, the turnouts are placed one after another on one common track, which is called the arrow street.

Rolling stock is a single transport unit. The rolling stock is subdivided into subspecies: passenger and for the transportation of goods.

Railway rolling stock is: traction, multi-unit rolling stock, non-self-propelled rolling stock and self-propelled rolling stock.

Carriages are distinguished by types: for the carriage of passengers and goods.

The cars are distinguished by the number of axles (axle pairs): they produce 2, 4, 6 and 8-axle cars.

The main parameters of the car are carrying capacity, own weight (tare), axle load and linear load (load per one meter of track).

A fleet of passenger and freight cars will be allocated:

passenger:

all-metal (SV, coupe, reserved seat, general).

freight:

all-metal baggage car;

post and baggage car;

covered wagon (designed for the carriage of small-sized cargo, but in large quantities);

platform;

tank (designed for the carriage of liquid cargo);

conveyor (designed for transportation of unprocessed wood);

gondola car (designed to transport heavy plates, more often metal);

refrigerator car (car with cooling equipment).

Specialized cars:

wagon for transportation of containers;

carriage for car transportation;

a wagon for transporting timber;

cattle carriage;

carriage for transportation of paper and paper products.

A full train list is the main technological document used to organize the process of processing car flows at railway stations. It is the primary source for accounting for the presence of wagons at railway stations and for creating a wagon model and serves to transmit information about the arrival, departure and arrival of trains and to search for wagons. It is a unified document and is drawn up at the train formation station. Contains general information about the train (number, index, weight and length of the train, the number of axles, the presence of wagons requiring compliance with special conditions: oversized cargo, transportation of livestock, etc.), information about each wagon and the cargo transported in it, placed on the lines strictly in the order of the arrangement of the wagons in the train (serial number in the train and the individual number of the wagon, data on the type of bearings, the mass of the transported cargo, the code of the destination station of the wagon according to a single network markup, special coded marks characterizing the transportation, codes of the type of cargo and consignee, information on the presence of containers or seals, if necessary - an alphanumeric note), summary information on the composition of the train by the type of wagons, and loaded wagons - by destination roads.

The rolling stock monitoring system consists of sensors 1 made with the ability to count the axles of the rolling stock, mounted in pairs on the rails, at least at the beginning and end of each of the monitored block sections of the rail tracks or before and after the turnout switch. Each pair of sensors 1 is connected to a controller 2, made, for example, in the form of a LoRaWan controller. Controllers 2 through gateways 3, made with the possibility of data exchange, are connected to the data collection and processing unit 4, to which the data storage unit 5 and the user interface 6 are also connected, while the data storage unit is made in the form of a server, and the user interface is made in the form PC or mobile device (laptop, tablet, smartphone).

Gateways 3 are made with the ability to exchange data via wired communication channels or radio channels, while to ensure the possibility of data exchange via radio channels, the gateways can be made in the form of, for example, a LoRaWan station. Modules for determining the direction 7 and random access memory devices 8 are connected to controllers 2.

The rolling stock monitoring system is used as follows.

Before starting to use, the sensors 1 are mounted in pairs on the turnouts of the station and connected to the controllers 2.

Before the supply of rolling stock, consisting of cars of various kinds and types, driven by a locomotive, for example, to an industrial enterprise with a network of rail tracks, each car, strictly in the order of the arrangement of cars in the train, starting from the first, is assigned an individual identification number, in the form , for example, a digital, alphabetic or alphanumeric-alphabetic designation, for example, A, B, C or A-1, A-2, B-1, B-2 or 1A, 3B, etc. In the data collection and processing unit 4, for each of the individual identification numbers, the initial data, such as the number, index, mass and length of the train, etc., are recorded. For each of the cars named in the system, the initial data indicate the number of axles, as well as the permissible downtime T _pri and indicate, for example, oversized cargo, the nature of the cargo, the individual number of the car, data on the type of bearings, the mass of the transported cargo, the code of the destination station of the car according to unified network markings, special coded marks characterizing transportation, codes of the type of cargo and consignee, information on the presence of containers or seals, if necessary, an alphanumeric note, summary information on the composition of the train by the type of wagons, and loaded wagons - along the destination roads, etc. etc.

In addition, in the initial data, for each of the numbered cars, for example, the place and time of construction and registration, the type of car or its model, the type of car, container, frame length, car changes are indicated, the date, place and type of car repair are indicated ( depot, capital), as well as the name or code of the owner and tenant.

Further, the cars are distributed among the block sections, depending on their further purpose.

For example, the rolling stock at the entrance to an industrial enterprise contains 6 cars, with the assigned designations, respectively, A, B, C, D, D, E, starting from the head of the train. The first 3 cars are made in the form of 4-axle covered hopper cars for grain. The last two cars are made in the form of 6-axle covered hopper cars for coal.

Determined based on the needs of the enterprise, for example, the supply of car A to block section II, car B to block section VI, cars C, D to block section IV and cars D, E to block section V. Enter information on the distribution of each of wagons to the data collection and processing unit 4.

After distribution, the supply of rolling stock to the enterprise is allowed.

When car A of block-section II, car B of block-section VI, cars C, D, D, E pass first block-section III, and then cars C, D of block-section IV and cars D, E of block-section V sensors 1, mounted at least at the beginning and end of the mentioned block sections I-IV, upon contact with the axles (axle pairs), transmit information to the controllers 2 in the form of electrical signals according to the number of axles (axle pairs) passed through the sensors 1. The amplitudes and periods of the signals depend on the speed of the axes (axle pairs) passing through the sensors 1.

Controllers 2 in the initial position are disabled and turn on after passing the first axle (axle pair) of the first car and turn off after passing the last axle (axle pair) of the last car with a delay of several seconds.

In the module for determining the direction of movement 7 by the delay in the receipt of electrical signals from the sensors 1, the direction of movement of the rolling stock or cars is determined. Controller 2 registers the number of signals from sensors 1, which determines the number of wheel axles of the rolling stock that have passed along the section of the path and, together with information about the direction of movement received from the modules for determining the direction of movement 7, writes it into the random access memory 8.

Controllers 2 data from random access memory 8 about the number of passed axles (axle pairs) and the direction of their movement are sent through the gateways 3 to the data collection and processing unit 4.

Time binding of each of the signals from the sensors 1 t _{i is} carried out in the controllers 2 or in the data collection and processing unit 4 from the receiver of the exact time signals (not shown in the figures).

In the data collection and processing unit 4, the obtained data is sorted, the speed of movement of the rolling stock (cars) in the controlled area is determined, in case of excess or decrease in the speed of the rolling stock from the permissible speed, they give a command to the rolling stock driver to change the speed of movement, analyze the initial and received data, they are compared with the assigned designations (numbering) of cars by the number of axles and signals recorded by sensors 1 and it is determined, according to the given example, that four 4-axle covered hopper cars for grain and two 6-axle covered hopper cars for coal. After the analysis, the current value of the variable X _{i is} formed by date, time and place, the value of which is transferred from the data collection and processing unit 4 to the data storage unit 5.

Similar to the algorithm described above, all shunting and non-shunting operations are recorded, in which data on the location and use of each car at the enterprise, its current state, delivery time and idle time at the enterprise are generated in the data _{collection and processing unit 4 using the variables X i.}

The user through the user interface 6 requests from the data storage unit 5 the values of one or another variable X _i for a period of time and date to determine the actual passage of the rolling stock through the controlled section of the track, its speed and the number of cars.

If the permissible idle time _Ti for any of the rolling stock cars is exceeded, the data collection and processing unit 4 sends an alert signal to the user interface 6 upon receipt of which the user performs an operation with the car for its turnover.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the accuracy and efficiency of obtaining data on the state and location of each of the rolling stock cars and the speed of their turnover, is achieved due to the fact that each of the cars in the order of their sequence in the rolling stock in the data collection and processing unit 4 is assigned an individual identification number and bind to the specified number information on the number of axles of the car, data on the car from the full-scale list of the rolling stock and the car's passport, distribute the cars to the block sections of the user enterprise, when the cars pass along the wheel sensors 1, mounted at least at the beginning and at the end of each of the block sections, a pulsed electrical signal is formed, which is transmitted from the wheel sensors 1 to the controller 2 and each of the signals is tied to the time in the controller 2, in the module for determining the direction of movement 7, according to the delay in the receipt of electrical signals from the sensors 1, the direction of movement of the cars is determined, d The data on the number of registered signals from the sensors 1, the time of occurrence of each of the signals and the speed and direction of movement of the cars are recorded in the random access memory 8 and from through the locks 3 are transmitted to the data collection and processing unit 4, where the received data on the signals are divided by the number of axles in the car by groups, they are compared with individual identification numbers, the value of the variable Xi is written into the data storage unit 5, according to the recorded variables Xi at the time ∆Т, the location and use data of each of the carriages is read from the data storage unit 5 and displayed on the user interface 6 ...

In 2019, the above-described method and device for monitoring rolling stock were implemented at several enterprises of the Russian metallurgical complex, the logistics feature of which is a developed internal railway network. The total volume of construction and installation work during the implementation of the device and its trial operation in conjunction with the declared method allowed to reduce labor intensity and labor costs by an average of 30% compared to similar technical solutions, and the efficiency of data acquisition and a small error in the identification of cars, as well as the availability of complete performance indicators, incl. of undocumented features provided an increase in almost 2 times, in contrast to the full-scale write-off of the car turnover rate due to a decrease in their downtime, which in turn made it possible to reduce the volume of payments during the use of cars and, accordingly, increase the economic effect from the implementation of the described technical solution.

Claims (13)

1. A method of rolling stock monitoring, characterized by recording signals by wheel sensors, determining the time intervals between signals, determining the types of rolling units and data on rolling units from the recorded signals, determining the speed and direction of movement of the rolling stock and fixing the passage time of the identified train along the wheel sensors, which is different the fact that the initial data corresponding to the elements of the rolling stock is preliminarily recorded in the data collection and processing unit in the sequence of the arrangement of the elements in the rolling stock with the assignment of an individual identifier to each of the elements, the elements of the rolling stock are distributed among the sections, the rolling stock is supplied to the station, when the element passes along the wheel sensors mounted at least at the beginning and end of each of the sections, the number of electrical signals generated by the said sensors is counted, these signals are combined into groups, respectively the number of axles in the rolling stock element and compare them with the initial data, calculate the parameters of the grouped signals with the possibility of determining the speed and direction of movement of the elements along the sensors and carry out the time binding of each of the signal group, compared with the initial data and time-bound signal groups with individual identifiers of each of the elements and record the value of the variable X _i , according to the recorded variables X _i at time ΔT form data on the location and use of each of the elements of the rolling stock. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual identifier includes information on the number of axes of the element. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual identifier includes information from the full-scale sheet of the rolling stock. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual identifier includes information from the element passport. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual identifier includes an allowable element idle time. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements are distributed over the sections depending on their further purpose. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed and direction of movement are determined by the delay in the arrival of electrical signals from the sensors. 8. A rolling stock monitoring system containing wheel sensors connected to a measuring device, characterized in that the wheel sensors are mounted in pairs on the rails, at least at the beginning and end of each of the monitored block sections of rail tracks and are made with the ability to count the number of element axes the rolling stock by generating electrical signals when passing along the said sensors of the axes of the rolling stock, each of the pairs of sensors is connected to the controllers and through the gateways, made with the possibility of data exchange, with the data collection and processing unit, to which the data storage unit and the user interface are also connected, direction determination modules and random access memory are connected to the controllers. 9. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensors are mounted before and after the turnout switch. 10. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the gateways are configured to exchange data via wired communication channels. 11. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the gateways are configured to exchange data over a radio channel. 12. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the sensors are inductive. 13. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that the data storage unit is made in the form of a server.

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