RU2743652C1 - Burner of solid fuel boiler and method of use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power engineering. Burner of solid fuel boiler installed vertically in furnace is made in form of inverted truncated cone of retort with holes for air supply. Cone is connected by narrow side with fuel supply device equipped with auger conveyor, and wide side - with shell of distributing element of air supply. Supply pipes of fuel and air supply are made from one pipe with inner sealed plug symmetrically relative to vertical axis of burner. On the intersection of longitudinal axis of fuel supply auger and vertical axis of truncated cone of retort there is backward connection of auger stripe of forward supply and reverse feed. In truncated cone of retort in holes for air supply, from lower row along circumference and upwards along rows, diameter is reduced in proportion with height between rows.EFFECT: technical result is creation of solid-fuel boiler burner with rational arrangement of structure, with increased reliable and efficient operation.2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to heat power engineering, namely, to the elements of automated solid fuel boilers operating on any grade of coal, pellets and various solid combustible substances, and can find practical application in heating buildings for various purposes - private residential buildings, industrial and socio-cultural buildings.

State of the art

A device is known for an automated solid fuel boiler (Patent RU 140631, IPC F 24 H 1/00, publ. 05/20/2014), containing a bunker for solid fuel, a heat exchanger, a furnace, a burner, a device for feeding fuel into the furnace, an ash disposal system, a mechanism for cleaning smoke pipes, a control unit containing a controller, parameter sensors, an electric drive, a grinding device, a retort, and a rotary element located above the retort, equipped with a mechanism for converting the rotational motion of the drive shaft into a rotation of the retort and an element in the horizontal plane, and in the lower part of the boiler above the pipe a screw for fuel supply is installed with the possibility of free removal of the burner, a part of the end wall of which is made inclined and in a shape corresponding to the adjacent side of the furnace, and holes are made in the lateral surface of the middle part of the retort connecting the inner cavity of the retort with the burner, while the screw for ash removal from the disposal system ash is located on one wa The bowl is coaxial with the fuel feed screw, and the screws are connected to the grinding device drive.

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and efficiency of the structure.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for burning solid fuel (Patent RU 2294483, IPC F 2 3B 40/00, publ. 27.02.2007), containing a bunker for high-quality or granular solid fuel, a heat exchanger, a furnace, a fuel supply device and air into the furnace, ash collector, control unit (controller), temperature sensors, electric drives, and a vertical burner is installed in the furnace, made in the form of a truncated cone shell with holes for air circulation and connected by the narrow side with a fuel and air supply device, which is a collector connected to a fan, while the fuel supply device is equipped with a screw conveyor, the part of the pipe of which, located in the collector, is equipped with air holes.

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and efficiency of the structure.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a solid fuel boiler burner with a rational design layout with increased reliable and efficient operation.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that

in the burner of a solid fuel boiler, installed vertically in the furnace and made in the form of an inverted truncated cone of a burner retort with holes for air supply, connected by the narrow side to the fuel supply device equipped with a screw conveyor, and by the wide side - to the shell of the air supply distribution element, and the design The burner with the fuel and air supply inlets is made of one pipe with an internal hermetic plug, and according to the external dimensions, the flanges of the branch pipes are symmetrical about the vertical axis of the burner, at the intersection of the longitudinal axis of the fuel supply screw and the vertical axis of the truncated retort cone, a counter connection of the screw strip of direct supply is made and reverse feed, in the truncated cone of the retort in the air feed holes, from the bottom row around the circumference and up through the rows, reduce the diameter in proportion to the height between the rows;

The method of using the solid fuel boiler burner includes supplying air from the blower fan through the holes in the burner retort and solid fuel to the burner combustion zone by a screw conveyor according to the algorithm that ensures the boiler power and complete combustion of fuel, removing gas residues from the furnace into the atmosphere and solid combustion residues into the ash collector , moreover, solid fuel is supplied to the combustion zone of the burner with a loosening effect by the periodic action of the counter-connection of the screw strip of forward feed and return feed up the retort at each revolution of the screw shaft, air is supplied to the combustion zone of the burner with differentiated pressure flows in the holes of the reverse cone of the retort with decreasing upward along the rows, the supply of solid fuel and air is carried out in one pipe from different sides, without mutual penetration.

Distinctive features include:

the design of the burner with the fuel and air supply inlets is made of one pipe with an internal hermetic plug, and in terms of external dimensions, the flanges of the nozzles are symmetrical about the vertical axis of the burner, such a burner design has two support points that increase its reliability in operation;

at the intersection of the longitudinal axis of the fuel feed screw and the vertical axis of the truncated cone of the retort, a counter connection of the direct feed and reverse feed auger strip is made, such a design of the screw feed of solid fuel using an anti-screw that does not allow the fuel to rest against the sealed plug creates a cyclically effective loosening condition for the fuel supply upward along the burner retort with each rotation of the screw shaft;

in the truncated retort cone in the holes for air supply from the lower row along the circumference and up the rows, the diameter is reduced in proportion to the height between the rows, the increased diameter of the holes in the lower rows of the retort cone reduces the resistance to air passage into the flame combustion zone, and in the lower rows it is larger the volume and weight of the fuel, and therefore the combustion zone will have a more efficient operation in the volume of the torch;

solid fuel is fed into the combustion zone of the burner with a loosening effect, the periodic action of the counter connection of the direct feed screw strip and return feed up the retort at each revolution of the screw shaft, the vertical loosening fuel flow allows air to penetrate deeper into the center of the retort cone, increasing the efficiency of the boiling combustion zone in depth;

air is supplied to the combustion zone of the burner in differentiated pressure flows in the holes of the reverse cone of the retort with a decrease upward along the rows, this makes it possible to create a fluidized bed of the flame in the combustion zone with its effective work from the center of the cone to the periphery and from the lower base to the upper point;

solid fuel and air are fed through one pipe from different sides, which makes it possible to effectively orient the burner relative to the solid fuel bunker located.

Comparison of the claimed solution with analogs and the prototype did not allow to identify in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a drawing of a front section of a solid fuel boiler burner.

The burner contains: 1 - burner retort, 2 - shell housing for uniform air supply to the retort, 3 - air supply branch pipe, 4 - air passage opening from the branch pipe to the housing; 2 uniform supply shells, 5 - fuel supply screw, 6 - direct feed screw strip , 7 - auger strip for return feed, 8 - a blanket barrier between the nozzles (internal sealed plug), 9 - transitional cylinder for fuel supply from the auger 5 to the retort, 10 - removable cover for cleaning the shell housing uniform air supply to the retort, 11 - housing flange 1 shells for fastening the cover 10, 12 - fastening of the cover, 13 - flange of the branch pipe, 15 - upper row of air supply holes in the retort, 14 - lower row of air supply holes in the retort, 16 - pocket from the connection of the screw strips.

Implementation of the invention

For the manufacture of a symmetrical base for fastening the retort 1 of the burner in the boiler furnace, the pipe diameter of the adopted fuel supply screw 5 of the same size with the air supply pipe 3 is used. A hole is cut out in the screw pipe 5 along the symmetrical place of installation of the retort 1 of the burner, and through it a protective blind bridge 8 is installed and welded between the nozzles. A transition cylinder 9 for supplying fuel from the screw 5 to the retort 1 of the burner is welded to the cut hole. On the opposite side of the fuel supply hole with a screw 5 in the pipe of the branch pipe 3, a hole 4 is cut for supplying air to the burner retort 1. To the outer diameter of the retort 1 of the burner, pipe 2 of the shell housing of uniform air supply to the retort is welded, with a height that ensures mutual assembly with pipe 3, having previously cut out semicircles in pipe 2 under pipe 3, welded them together, and also welded the transition cylinder 9 to the retort of the burner 1 at the small base of the cone. To the installed pipe 2 of the shell of the uniform air supply, the height of the pipe is added, which ensures its preventive periodic cleaning. The flange 11 of the shell body is welded to the added pipe 2 for attaching the cover. With the help of fasteners 12, the removable cover 10 is fixed. The flanges of the branch pipes 13 are made symmetrically at the place of the burner installation in the boiler furnace, if necessary, turn it towards the bunker. On the lateral surface of the truncated cone of the retort of the burner 1, first the lower row of air supply holes 14 are drilled along horizontal circles, and then the next ones up to row 15, and the diameter is reduced in proportion to the height between the rows and the holes are drilled perpendicular to the lateral surface of the cone. The fuel feed screw 5 is made with a straight feed screw strip 6 to a plane perpendicular to the screw shaft axis at the level of the truncated cone axis of the burner retort 1. On the opposite side of this plane, a reverse feed screw strip 7 is made in the form of a counter-flow. As a result of the connection of the screw strips, pocket 16 is obtained in this plane.

The solid fuel boiler burner device operates as follows. The design of the burner with the fuel supply inlet pipes in the form of a screw 5 and air 3 is made of one pipe with an internal hermetic plug 8, and in terms of external dimensions, the flanges of the pipes 13 are symmetrical about the vertical axis of the burner retort 1, gives two points of support, which increase the reliability of the device in work.

The opposite connection of the auger strip of direct feed 6 and reverse feed 7, transferred the action of the screw from continuously feeding solid fuel horizontally to a cyclic action in the form of a pocket 16 vertically with a maximum pushing force along the axis of the burner retort cone 1. This design of the device does not allow fuel abut against the sealed plug 8, and creates a cyclically effective loosening condition for fuel supply upward along the retort of the burner 1 with each revolution of the screw shaft 5. As soon as pocket 16 from the connection of the auger strips goes down, the pressure of solid fuel will weaken upward, loosening of the solid will occur and the possibility of flow penetration will increase air in the middle of the burner 1 retort cone, which increases the reliability and efficiency of the solid fuel boiler burner.

In the truncated cone of the retort of the burner 1 in the holes for supplying air from the lower row 14 around the circumference, and up the rows to row 15, the reduced diameter in proportion to the height between the rows creates a condition for uniform air supply to the combustion zone. The increased diameter of the holes in the lower rows 14 of the retort cone reduces the resistance to air passage into the flame combustion zone. Moreover, the lower rows have a greater volume and weight of fuel. Consequently, the combustion zone will work more efficiently in the volume of the torch.

The method that implements the use of a solid fuel boiler burner works as follows. Solid fuel supplying to the combustion zone of the retort 1 of the burner, with a loosening effect, the periodic action of the counter-connection of the direct feed 6 and return 7 auger strip, up the burner retort with each rotation of the screw shaft 5, allows air to penetrate deeper into the center of the retort 1 cone of the burner increasing efficiency work of the boiling combustion zone in depth.

Air supplying the combustion zone of the retort 1 of the burner in differentiated pressure flows in the holes of the reverse cone of the retort with decreasing upward along the rows creates a fluidized bed of the flame in the combustion zone with its effective work from the center of the cone to the periphery and from the lower base to the upper point.

The supply of solid fuel through the auger 5 and air through the nozzle 3, made along one pipe from different sides, creates the condition for effectively orienting the retort of the burner 1 relative to the bunker with solid fuel.

Thus, the created solid fuel boiler burner with a rational design layout increases the reliability and efficiency of the device.

Claims (2)

1. The burner of a solid fuel boiler, installed vertically in the furnace, is made in the form of an inverted truncated cone of a burner retort with openings for air supply, connected by the narrow side to the fuel supply device equipped with a screw conveyor, and by the wide side - to the shell of the air supply distribution element, which differs by the fact that the design of the burner with the fuel and air supply inlets is made of one pipe with an internal hermetic plug, and in terms of external dimensions, the flanges of the pipes are symmetrical about the vertical axis of the burner, at the intersection of the longitudinal axis of the fuel supply screw and the vertical axis of the truncated retort cone, the opposite connection of a screw strip of forward feed and reverse feed, in the truncated cone of the retort in the air supply holes, from the bottom row around the circumference and up the rows, reduce the diameter in proportion to the height between the rows. 2. Method of using a solid fuel boiler burner, including supplying air to the combustion zone of the burner from the blower fan through the holes in the burner retort and solid fuel by a screw conveyor according to the algorithm that ensures the boiler power and the completeness of fuel combustion, removal of gas residues into the atmosphere and solid residues from the furnace combustion into the ash collector, characterized in that the solid fuel is supplied to the combustion zone of the burner with a loosening effect, the periodic action of the counter-connection of the screw strip of direct feed and return feed up the retort at each rotation of the screw shaft, air is supplied to the combustion zone of the burner with differentiated pressure flows into the holes of the reverse cone of the retort with decreasing upward along the rows, the supply of solid fuel and air is carried out through one pipe from different sides.

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