RU2741775C1 - Clock with digital indication and imitation of firmament with sun on step motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watches and other time measuring instruments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic time devices with digital indication. Result is achieved by including a stepper motor (SM) with a reduction gear in which an arrow-shaped plunger with LEDs arranged in one row is fitted on the axis, simulating movement of the sun, a photosensor, two limit switches, a step motor control circuit, a switch and an arithmetic device. In the read-only memory (ROM) there are tabulated data on the "sunrise" and "sunset" time of the Sun for each day of the year, codes of orbits, on which the Sun moves, SM period values "P" for each day of the year for a specific area. ROM is replaceable and tabular data are recorded, which depend on geographic coordinates of the area where the clock is located. Clock consists of a time keeper, which is powered from a standby power supply, a control device, digital indicators displaying information on a year, month, number of a month, on time values (hours, minutes), sun time "sunrise" and "sunset". Control device is connected to control circuit SM, ROM, switch, photosensor and arithmetic device. Switchboard is connected to the LED strip, and the limit switches are connected to the SM control circuit. At that, the front panel of the clock is divided into upper and lower parts, in the lower part there are digital indicators, upper part imitates the sky, which is used to simulate movement of the Sun in semicircular orbits during the day, and a narrow strip of landscape is placed below the firmament.

EFFECT: invention relates to electronic time devices with digital indication and is aimed at improving consumer properties of clocks by simulating movement of the sun along a semicircular orbit in form of a glowing light-emitting diode, wherein depending on the time of year orbit altitude varies over the horizon.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to time devices with digital display of the current time, calendar and other additional chronometric information.

There is a well-known mechanical wristwatch by Martin Braun, model EOS 42 B, produced in Switzerland. This watch has hour and minute hands showing the current time on a 12-hour dial; the date of the day is indicated in the dial window. The peculiarity of this watch is that it indicates the sunrise and sunset with the help of two hands. On the left side of the dial, an arrow indicates the sunrise with numbers from 5 to 8 (hours), and on the right side, the other hand shows the sunset with numbers from 17 to 20 (hours). Sunrise and sunset readings are true only at certain coordinates on the terrain (depending on the latitude and longitude of the terrain point). Wherever the watch is delivered, each place will have its own discs with programmed coordinates.

The disadvantages of such watches include the lack of information on the dial of information about the position of the sun in the sky from sunrise to sunset.

Known globe-clock (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2278407, IPC G04B19 / 22, G09B27 / 08, publ. 20.06.2005), with indication of international and standard time, position of the day, night, twilight and the Sun, containing a globe and a clock mechanism, transparent spherical shell with a semiaxis and a gear.

The disadvantages of the design of the globe clock include their low resolution in relation to a specific point on the globe, for example, the city of Penza with a large error can be noted on the globe, and hence the large error in determining the time of sunrise, sunset and other chronometric information, in addition , there is no information about the position of the Sun above the horizon in this invention.

Also known is a chronometer for determining the time of sunrise and sunset of the Sun (Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2225632, IPC G04B19 / 26, G04B19 / 22, publ. 03/10/2004), in addition, the position of the Sun in a specific place at the current time of a certain month using the hour hand, which turns once every 24 hours, and a stationary or rotating plate to indicate the time of sunrise and sunset according to the chronometer.

The disadvantage of the known device is the inability to determine the height of the Sun above the horizon during daylight hours. In addition, the sunrise and sunset is determined by this clock with a large error, and there is no real picture of the position of the Sun in the firmament.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a patent for an invention dated 01.21.2019 No. RU 2708675 C1 "Clock with digital display and imitation of the sky with the sun on diodes", in which the Sun moves in one semicircular orbit regardless of the season.

The task of creating the invention is the movement of the Sun across the sky during daylight hours in several semicircular orbits, the height of which above the horizon depends on the season.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a clock with digital indication, consisting of a time keeper, a control device, digital indication of values of the year, month, day of the month, time values with a twenty-four hour scale, time values of sunrise and sunset and a backup power source connected to a time keeper connected to a control device, which is connected to digital indicators of calendar data, data on sunrise and sunset, current time values and read-only memory (ROM), in which the times of sunrise and sunset are recorded for all 366 days of the year relative to specific terrain, determined by its geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude), while in the upper part of the watch bezel there is a sky with the lower edge of which is the horizon line, in the middle of the panel there is a narrow strip of landscape, and in the lower part of the panel there are digital indicators, according to the proposed invention july, a stepper motor (SM) with a gearbox is introduced into the clock, the axis of rotation of which is located below the horizon line, a bar in the form of an arrow with LEDs located along its length is mounted on the axis, when the bar rotates, a luminous LED simulates the movement of the Sun along a semicircular orbit from sunrise before sunset, a narrow long photosensor is placed on the left half of the horizon line and serves to determine the beginning of the movement of the bar with the LED on, indicating the time of sunrise, and two limit switches are located below the horizon on both sides and serve to turn off the stepper motor when the bar is off LED lights across the horizon.

At the same time, a switch is introduced into the electronic part of the clock, and the stepper motor control circuit, connected to the outputs of the control device and the outputs of the limit switches, the control device is connected to the output of the photosensor and the inputs of the switch, the outputs of which are connected to the LEDs located on the bar.

In addition, an arithmetic device connected to a control device is introduced into the electronic part of the clock, while the codes of the Sun's orbits are recorded in the ROM and the period "P" of the step of launching the SM when the Sun passes through the orbit for each day of the year (366 days) is recorded. Moreover, the period "P" is calculated as the longitude of the day "D" divided by the number of steps "N" of the stepper motor during the passage of the entire orbit, and "N" is calculated as the total rotation angle "α" of the bar from sunrise to sunset in the same orbit, divided by a unit angle "Δ" of rotation of the gearbox axis.

The arithmetic device begins to function at the moment the clock is connected to the power supply (for example, after a power outage) and calculates the time interval from sunrise to the current time, then divides this interval by the period "P" of the step of SM launch in this orbit, the quotient obtained from division means the number of steps that the stepper motor must take accelerated to a point in the orbit corresponding to the position of the Sun at a given moment in time; further rotation of the bar occurs in the normal mode with a period of "P".

The introduced elements, in particular, a stepper motor (SM) with a gearbox, an arrow-shaped bar with LEDs, a narrow long photosensor, and two limit switches make it possible to fully simulate the movement of the Sun during daylight hours. Moreover, the height of the Sun's orbit changes depending on the season - in June the orbit is maximum, and in December it is minimum. In addition, the ROM contains the codes of the Sun's orbits and the periods "P" of the stepper motor launch step when the Sun passes its orbit for each day of the year (366 days). The use of an arithmetic device in the electronic part of the clock allows, after the resumption of power supply, to restore the position of the Sun in orbit in accordance with the current time on the digital indicators. The read-only memory (ROM) records data on the value of the time of sunrise and sunset for the whole year relative to a specific area where the clock is operated, determined by geographical coordinates (for Penza: 53 ° 7 ′ north latitude, 45 ° 1 ′ east. longitude). The period "P" of the step of starting the stepper motor is also recorded in the ROM for each day of the year, determined by the location of the gearbox under the horizon line, that is, the angle of rotation of the bar with LEDs from sunrise to sunset. In addition, the switch switches the LEDs on the bar, the codes of which are written in the ROM and switch in accordance with the calendar data of the digital indicators, which reliably displays the Sun's orbits in accordance with the seasons. All of the above creates new consumer properties of the offered watches.

FIG. 1. - shows a block diagram of the electronic part of the clock.

FIG. 2. - shows the layout of the mechanical part of the watch.

FIG. 3. - shows a graph explaining the work of the clock.

FIG. 4. - shows the clock with the position of the sun in the month of June at noon.

FIG. 5. - shows the clock with the position of the sun in the month of December at noon.

A clock with digital indication and imitation of the sky with the sun on a stepper motor consists of a time keeper 1 (Fig. 1), a control device 2, digital indication of the values of the year 3, month 4, day 5 of the month, time 6 with a twenty-four hour scale (clock, minutes), time 7 of sunrise, time 8 of its sunset and backup power supply 9. The power supply 9 is connected to the time keeper 1, which is connected by a bidirectional bus to the control device 2, connected to the digital indicators of the values of the year 3, month 4, day 5 of the month, time 6, time of sunrise 7 and time 8 of sunset. The read-only memory (ROM) 10 contains tabular data on the rising and setting of the Sun, the outputs of which are connected to the control device 2. In the upper part of the front panel of the clock, the sky is depicted, the lower edge of which is the horizon line 11 (Fig. 2.), in the middle part of the panel there is a narrow strip of landscape, and in the lower part of the panel there are digital indicators.

A stepper motor (SM) 12 with a gearbox 13 is introduced into the clock, a bar 14 in the form of an arrow with LEDs, a narrow long photosensor 15, limit switches 16 and 17, while below the horizon line 18 (Fig. 2), in its middle, there is an axis rotations of the gearbox 13, on which a bar 14 with LEDs placed in one row is fixed at one end, and when the bar 14 rotates, one luminous LED simulates the movement of the Sun in a circular orbit. The photosensor 15 is located on the left half of the horizon line 11 and is connected to the control device 2, and the switches 16 and 17 are located below this line, respectively, on the left and right sides, and the outputs of which are connected to the stepper motor control circuit 20, connected by an information bus with some outputs of the device 2 controls. In addition, the introduced switch 19 is connected by input information buses to the control device 2, and its outputs are connected to the strip 14 with LEDs, the arithmetic device 21 is connected to the control device 2 by a bidirectional bus.

A clock with digital indication and imitation of the sky with the sun on a stepper motor can operate in two modes: in normal mode, when the clock is connected to the mains power supply 24/7 and the mode when there is a power outage for a while.

Before starting to consider the work of the watch in dynamics, it is necessary to note their design feature. Consider an example of a clock design with the following data: on the bar 14, ten LEDs numbered # 1 ... # 10 are located in a chain, with LED # 1 at the very end (top) of the bar 14, and LED # 10 at the bottom of the chain (Fig. 2). Stepper motor 12 with gearbox 13 has a unit angle of rotation Δ = 0.06 °, LED # 1 rotates in orbit 22, and LED # 10 - in orbit 23. When the stepper motor 12 with gearbox 13 is structurally located relative to the horizon line 11, like this shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the angle α1 = 146.95 ° of the total angle of rotation of the bar 14 from "sunrise" to "sunset" on the longest day of the year is measured. Similarly, the angles of full rotation of the bar 14 are measured with each glow of one of the LEDs # 2 ... # 10, in our case the angle of rotation of the bar 14 with the LED # 10 will be equal to α10 = 113.1 °, on the shortest daylight hours of the year. Since in the given example of building a clock, the glow of the Sun is simulated by ten LEDs that move in ten orbits, the highest orbit is simulated by LED # 1, and the lowest - by LED # 10. Thus, the orbits will change every 20 days, that is, LED # 1 will simulate the Sun from June 20 to July 9, LED # 2 from July 10 to July 29, and at the end of the year LED # 10 simulates the lowest and shortest orbit from December 20 to January 9 next year. In the future, the length of the day increases and from 10 to 29 January the Sun simulates LED No. 9, while the orbit codes are written into the read-only memory (ROM) 10 (Fig. 1), regardless of the geographical location of the clock. During daylight hours, the Sun passes through its orbit from "sunrise" to its "sunset" in small steps "Δ" of a single angular rotation of the gearbox axis 13, and the number of steps is determined by the design data of the clock. In the considered example of the clock design (Figs. 2, 3), the number of steps N1 of the Sun when passing through orbit 22 by the luminous LED No. 1 will be calculated as the quotient of the division of the angle of rotation α1 = 146.95 ° divided by the unit angle of rotation Δ = 0.06 ° and will be equal:

N1 = α1: Δ = 146.95 °: 0.06 ° = 2449 steps.

The number of steps N10 in orbit 23 will be equal to:

N10 = α10: Δ = 113.1 °: 0.06 ° = 1885 steps.

The number "N" is calculated in the same way for the rest of the orbits.

When the watch is at a specific point in the area, it is necessary to enter in the ROM the data on the "rise" and "sunset" of the Sun for each day of the year, then determine the longitude of the day "D" in seconds for each day, which is calculated as the difference in time between the "sunset" " Z "of the Sun and its" rising "" B ":

D = W - V.

A luminous LED simulating the Sun traverses the orbit in "N" steps, and at the same time the length of the day is defined as the period of the "P" step of a stepper motor, which moves the LED in orbit in "N" steps. Under such conditions, it is necessary to calculate the period "P" of the step of the Sun's orbital motion for each day of the year, for this the longitude of the day "D" must be divided by the number of steps "N", the period "P" of the step (in seconds) will be equal to:

P = D: N.

The values of the period of the step "P" calculated for each day of the year are written into the read-only memory (ROM).

In this example, we consider the location of the clock in Penza, the geographical coordinates of which are as follows: 53 ° 7 ′ north latitude, 45 ° 1 ′ east longitude. Thus, the following data is written to the ROM:

- the values of "rise" "B" and "sunset" "W" of the Sun for each day for a specific area;

- codes of the orbits along which the Sun moves;

- values of the period "P" of the step for each day of the year for a specific area.

The performed calculations are made for all 366 days of the year (taking into account the leap year) and are entered into ROM 10. The year is not taken into account in the calculations, since the difference in the data of the "sunrise" and "sunset" of the Sun is several minutes per decade.

Let's consider how the watch works in normal mode. The digital indicators set information about the values of the year, month, day of the month, time values with a twenty-four hour scale, time values about the "sunrise" and "sunset" of the Sun, we will choose the moment of the current time in the morning before sunrise in June after the 20th day. In this case, the bar 14 is located on the left side of the horizon 11 at the limit switch 16 (the bar 14 does not move) and all the LEDs on it are off. After some time, the time of the "rising" of the Sun comes, while the LED # 1 starts to glow, and the bar 14 rapidly turns clockwise and the light from the LED # 1 hits the photosensor 15, which sends a signal to the control device 2. The control device 2 from the ROM 10 reads information about the period "P" of the step of turning the bar 14, corresponding to the calendar data on the digital indicators, and transmits it to the SM control circuit 20. The bar 14 with a luminous LED No. 1 in a semicircular orbit 22 smoothly moves with a period "P" during daylight hours to the horizon line 11 corresponding to the time of the Sun's "sunset", while the LED No. 1 goes out and the bar 14 stops. At midnight, the stepper motor 12 is turned on, which rapidly turns the bar 14 counterclockwise to the limit switch 16, while the stepper motor 12 is de-energized and stopped, thereby rising to its original position until the next "sunrise" of the Sun.

Consider the hours on June 26, when there was a temporary power outage, which is restored after a while. Let's pretend that

power outage occurred at the moment when the Sun was in orbit # 1 between the "rising" point and the "zenith", and its resumption occurred at 12 hours 02 minutes (current time "T"). At this moment, digital indicators 3 ... 8 (Fig. 1) display all digital information about the values of the current time, calendar data, the time of "sunrise" and "sunset" of the Sun (Fig. 1). In this case, the bar 14 begins to rapidly rotate counterclockwise to the limit switch 16, stops and begins to rotate clockwise with a luminous LED No. 1 to the photosensor 15 (Fig. 2.). When the light beam of the LED No. 1 of the photosensor 15 is crossed, a signal is generated to the control device 2, according to which information about the “rising” of the Sun (B = 3h. 34m.) Is read from the ROM 10, and information about the value of the current time (T = 12h. 02m.) Is read from the time keeper 1 and this information is sent to the arithmetic unit 21. The unit 21 calculates the difference “P” between the current time “T” and the “rise” of the Sun:

P = T - B = 12h. 02m. - 3h. 34m. = 8h. 28m. = 30480 seconds.

After that, the device 21 from the ROM 21 reads information about the period "P" of the step of starting the stepper motor on June 26, which is equal to: P = 24.9 seconds, and calculates the number of steps "H" required to fit the bar 14 with the stepper motor 12 to the value of the current time "T":

H = R: P = 30480s. : 24.9s. = 1224 steps (fig. 3).

Then the stepping motor 12 rapidly turns the bar 14 clockwise by 1224 steps and stops at a time equal to 12 hours. 02m. The further turn of the bar towards “sunset” occurs with a unit time interval of 24.9 seconds.

As an explanation, consider the calculation of the period "P" of the step of starting the stepper motor on June 26 before it is written to ROM:

P = D: N1 = (B - B): N1 = (20h 30m -3h 34m): 2449 step. = 60960s. : 2449s. = 24.9 s.

Figure 3 shows an example of calculating the parameters of fitting the strap 14 with LED # 1 simulating the Sun after the clock is powered off.

It can be seen from what has been considered that the introduction of a set of distinctive features into the alleged invention allows, in comparison with prototypes, to display the position of the Sun in different semicircular orbits, depending on the season, thanks to the placement of a chain of LEDs on a swept bar, which rotates with a stepper motor with a gearbox. In addition, the visual display of the movement of the Sun in its orbit during the day and the change in the orbit in altitude depending on the time of the year can increase the consumer properties of the watch. To bind the clock to another area, it is enough to replace the read-only memory (ROM) with tabular data.

Note. As a photosensor 15, in the manufacture of dummy watches, single cells from solar panels connected in series were used.

https://lyna.info/vosxod-i-zakat-solnca/ - a calculator for calculating sunrise and sunset. The example of FIG. 1 for Moscow will look like with the following data.

For Moscow (55.75 ° north latitude, 37.38 ° east longitude).

June 26, 2019, Sunrise: 3:47 a.m .; Sunset: 9:19 pm; The longitude of the day is 17 hours 31 minutes.

The period "P" of the step of starting the stepper motor will be equal to:

P = D: N1 = (W - V): N1 = (21 h 19 m - 3 h 47 m): 2449 step. = 17h 32m: 2449 step. = = 63120 s. : 2449 step. = 25.8 s.

Thus, the proposed digital clock with digital indication and imitation of the sky with the Sun solves the same functions of the prototype, that is, it clearly depicts the movement of the Sun in a semicircular orbit with a luminous LED, which is located on an arrow-shaped bar, one end of which is fixed on the axis of the stepper motor gearbox. In this case, a row of LEDs is located on the bar, with the help of which the height of the orbits changes depending on the season.

Claims (1)

A clock with digital indication and imitation of the sky with the Sun on a stepper motor, consisting of a timekeeper, a control device, digital indication of the values of the year, month, day of the month, time values with a twenty-four-hour scale, times of sunrise and sunset and a backup power source connected to a time keeper connected to a control device, which is connected to digital indicators of calendar data, data on "sunrise" and "sunset" of the Sun, current time values and read-only memory (ROM), in which the values of the "sunrise" and "sunset" times are recorded Sun for all 366 days of the year relative to a specific area, determined by its geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude), in addition, in the upper part of the watch bezel there is a sky, the lower edge of which is the horizon line, in the middle of the panel there is a narrow strip of landscape, and in at the bottom of the panel there are digital indicators, which differ in that a stepper motor (SM) with a gearbox, a bar in the form of an arrow with LEDs, a narrow long photosensor and two limit switches were introduced, while below the horizon line, in its middle, there is a gearbox rotation axis, on which a bar with LEDs located in one row, when the bar rotates, one luminous LED simulates the movement of the Sun in a semicircular orbit from "sunrise" to "sunset", while the photosensor is located on the left half of the horizon line, and two limit switches are located below the horizon line on both sides, in addition, a switch, an arithmetic device and a stepper motor control circuit are introduced, connected to the outputs of the control device and the outputs of the limit switches, the control device is connected to the output of the photosensor and the inputs of the switch, the outputs of which are connected to LEDs placed on the bar, the arithmetic device is connected to the control device, while in The ROM contains the codes of the Sun's orbits and the period "P" the step of launching the stepper motor when the Sun passes the orbit for each day of the year (366 days), and the period "P" is calculated as the longitude of the day "D" divided by the number of steps "N" of the stepper motor during the passage of the entire orbit (P = D: N), moreover, "N" is calculated as the total angle of rotation "α " of the bar from "sunrise" to "sunset" of the Sun in the same orbit, divided by the unit angle "Δ" of rotation of the gearbox axis (N = α: Δ), when the watch is connected to an electric power supply after de-energizing, the arithmetic device calculates the time interval from the "rising" of the Sun to the value of the current time, then divides this interval by the period "P" of the step of launching the stepper motor in this orbit, the resulting quotient from the division means the number of steps that the stepper motor must take accelerated to the orbit corresponding to the position of the Sun at a given moment in time, the further rotation of the bar occurs in the normal mode with the period "P" of the step of the SM launch.

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