RU2740583C1 - Automated tillage machine with high-turbulent air jet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, in particular, to technical equipment for basic soil-free tillage. Automated tillage machine comprises bearing frame and three sections. First section 1 and third section 2 are made folding. Second section 3 is basic and is equipped with scraper 4, support 5 and transport 6 wheels, compressed air cylinder 7, needle rolling packs 14 and disk mills 13. Needle rolling pack 14 are made with needle length of up to 10 cm, and disc cutters 13 are made with processing depth for root crops - 15-20 cm and for grain - 8-12 cm. Front frame of each section is made in the form of hollow shaft 8 and is equipped with rigidly fixed on them by working elements made in the form of two arc-shaped knives 11 with sharp angle sharpening of cutting edge. Arched knives 11 are installed one after another with interval of 15-20 cm, front knife is installed on treatment depth of 10-12 cm, rear - 10-12 cm lower. At height of 5 cm from the nose in the cavity of knives 11 there are three exhaust valves 12 of compressed air built in; at that, the central, front, valve is directed at right angle to the vertical axis of the knife and two side ones - at an acute angle. Compressed air pulse action radius is 5 cm, arc-shaped blades 11 are fixed on the frame with possibility of dismantling and displacement in vertical and horizontal planes.

EFFECT: automated tillage machine provides reduction of traction resistance of the unit and improvement of quality of soil treatment.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to technical means for the main moldboard-free tillage.

Many tillage devices are known, containing both moldboard and non-moldboard working bodies, passive and active rippers (RU 2335107, IPC, 2008, SU 1664128 IPC 2008, RU 2335107, IPC 2008, RF 2491807, IPC, 2012; RU 136275, IPC, 2013 ; RU 136674, IPC, 2014).

The disadvantage of the known tillage devices is that they are all designed to process the soil by mechanical action on it, which leads to a violation of the structural content of the soil, its compaction and deterioration of the water-air balance.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a device for soil cultivation, selected as a prototype, containing a supporting frame and working bodies installed on it with an air-pulse drive, three sections rigidly fixed to the frame with the possibility of dismantling, the first and third of which are folding , the second section - basic - is made with a snare, support and transport wheels and a compressed air cylinder, each section is made in the form of two frames (RF patent No. 2679735, IPC A01B79 / 00 2019).

The disadvantage of the known device is the high traction resistance of the unit and the low quality of processing.

The technical problem of the proposed invention is to reduce the traction resistance of the unit, by layer-by-layer tillage, to improve the quality of tillage.

The technical problem posed is achieved by the fact that an automated tillage machine with a highly turbulent air jet, containing a supporting frame and working bodies installed on it with an air-impulse drive, three sections, the first and third of which are folding, the second section - the basic one - is made with a frame, supporting and transport wheels and a compressed air cylinder, according to the invention, is equipped with needle rollers with a needle length of up to 10 cm, and disc cutters with a processing depth for root crops - 15-20 cm and for grain crops - 8-12 cm, the front frame of each section is made in the form of a hollow shaft and is equipped with working bodies rigidly fixed to them, made in the form of two arcuate knives with an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge, installed one after another at an interval of 15 ... 20 cm, while the front knife is set to a processing depth of 10 ... 12 cm, the rear 10 ... 12 cm lower, at a height of 5 cm from the toe in the cavity of the knives there are three air, the central one is directed at right angles to the vertical axis of the knife and two lateral ones - at an acute angle, while the radius of action of compressed air pulses is 5 cm, arcuate knives are fixed to the frame with the possibility of dismantling and displacement in vertical and horizontal planes.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an automated soil tillage machine with a highly turbulent air jet, top view; in fig. 2 - the same, side view; in fig. 3 - the same, the compressed air control system with arcuate knives.

Tillage unit for precision soil cultivation, contains three sections, the first 1 and the third 2 of which are folding, the second section 3 - the base - is made with a boot 4, support 5 and 6 transport wheels and a cylinder 7 of compressed air. The front frame of each section is made in the form of a hollow shaft 8 connected to a compressed air cylinder 7, a compressed air starting system 9, hollow hubs 10, with working bodies rigidly fixed on it in the form of arcuate knives 11 and valves 12.

Arcuate knives 11 are made with an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge and are installed one after the other with an interval of 15 ... 20 cm. The front knife is set at a depth of 10 ... 12 cm, the rear knife is 10 ... 12 cm lower. At a height of 5 cm from the toe of knives 11, three outlet valves 12 are built into their cavities. One - front - with compressed air supply at right angles to knife 11 and two side ones - at an acute angle to it, while the radius of action of pulses of compressed air of knives - 5 cm,

Arcuate knives 11, fixed on the frame with the possibility of dismantling and displacement in the vertical and horizontal planes,

The rear frames of each section 1, 2 and 3 are equipped with needle rollers with a needle length up to 10 cm, and disc cutters with a processing depth for root crops - 15-20 cm and for grain crops - 8-12 cm.

The front frames of each section 1, 2 and 3 are made in the form of a hollow shaft 8 and are connected to the compressed air cylinder 7 through pneumatic solenoid valves 15, microreseivers 16 and pneumatic electrovalves 17. Each microreseiver 16 has a device for changing the volume, for example, a piston 18, which is moved inside the cylinder 19 using a screw mechanism 20. Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, a preliminary setting of the required volume of compressed air in the micro-tank 16 is carried out using the screw mechanism 20. At the command of the control system, the micro-tanks 16 are filled with high-pressure compressed air before the next impulse effect on the soil from the cylinder high pressure 7 through a common filling line due to the short-term opening of pneumatic solenoid valves 15. Constant operating pressure in the cylinders 7 is maintained by a compressor (not shown).

An automated soil tillage machine with a highly turbulent air jet works as follows.

Before the movement of the unit with the help of hydraulic cylinders 21, the hollow shafts 8 of all sections, together with the arcuate knives 11, hollow hubs 10 and valves 12 rigidly fixed to them, are lowered to the setting depth of soil cultivation. Compressed air to the valves 12 comes from the high-pressure cylinder 7, passing through the common filling line and the hub 10. The compressor maintains a constant compressed air pressure in the cylinder 7. When the pneumatic solenoid valves 15 are opened, all micro-receivers 16 of three sections (pipelines not shown) are filled with high-pressure compressed air ... After filling them, the pneumatic solenoid valves 15 are closed and cut off from the common filling line. Thus, all micro-receivers 16 are prepared for supplying a low-volume impulse of compressed air to the valves 12 through the hollow shaft 8. At the command of the control system, pneumatic solenoid valves 17 are triggered and supply high-pressure compressed air from micro-receivers 16 into the hollow shaft 8. Then the compressed air flow is directed to valves 12, built into the arcuate knives 11 from the inside with its exit in front perpendicular to the axial line of the knife and on the sides - at an acute angle to it, following through the hub 10.

When the arcuate knives 11 are immersed in the soil at different setting depths of processing, the valves 12 open and compressed air under high pressure - microexplosive - impulse effect loosens.

Disc milling cutters 13, located behind the transport wheels 6, crush the soil with a working depth for root crops - 15-20 cm and for grain crops - 8-12 cm, and rollers 14 with the help of a needle surface help to improve the water-air balance in the soil.

An automated tillage machine with a highly turbulent air jet allows for one pass to cultivate the soil layer by layer to different depths with pulsating blows of compressed air, cutters 13 crush the soil, and needle rollers 14 complete soil cultivation, compacting the surface.

Implementation of the device for soil cultivation three-section with folding side sections allows you to change the width of the capture and facilitates transportation of the unit.

The use of the proposed device will reduce the traction resistance of the unit and improve the quality of soil cultivation.

Claims (1)

An automated soil cultivation machine with a highly turbulent air stream, containing a supporting frame and working bodies installed on it with an air-impulse drive, three sections, the first and third of which are folding, the second section - basic - is made with a frame, support and transport wheels and a compressed air cylinder , characterized in that it is equipped with needle press rollers with a needle length of up to 10 cm and disc cutters with a processing depth for root crops - 15-20 cm and for grain crops - 8-12 cm, the front frame of each section is made in the form of a hollow shaft and is equipped with rigidly fixed on them, working bodies made in the form of two arcuate knives with an acute angle of sharpening of the cutting edge, installed one after another with an interval of 15-20 cm, while the front knife is set to a processing depth of 10-12 cm, the rear knife is 10-12 cm lower , at a height of 5 cm from the nose in the cavity of the knives there are three compressed air exhaust valves, the central one is directed at right angles to the vert the ical axis of the knife and two lateral ones - at an acute angle, while the radius of action of the compressed air pulses is 5 cm, the arcuate knives are fixed on the frame with the possibility of dismantling and displacement in the vertical and horizontal planes.

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