RU2738276C1 - Orienting device of a planting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building and can be used for oriented planting of beet for seeds production. Proposed device comprises two rotors with blades. Blades of two rotors, made of elastic material, are installed relative to each other so that in horizontal plane two aligned blades of two rotors are located at same level. Maximum clearance S_max between blades is determined from the condition: S_max=Δ_max+(3…4 mm), wherein maximum deflection Δmax of root mass effect of not more than 1…2 mm is determined by relationship:

where l is blade length, mm; m is root mass, kg, g is acceleration of free fall m/s²; E is modulus of elasticity of blade material, MPA, J_x is moment of inertia of blade cross section, mm⁴, and receiving inclined tray 3.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase reliability of oriented single-piece feeding of cone-shaped tubers regardless of their sizes and taper.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for orientation of conical roots.

Known devices for orienting objects of conical shape (AS USSR No. 244162, BI .. No. 7, 1969; AS USSR No. 361934, BI No. 2, 1973; A.s USSR No. 475973, BI No. 25, 1969), etc. These devices are simple in design, but orientate only a small size range of conical root crops, have low productivity and insufficient orientation reliability.

Known machine for planting root crops (AS USSR No. 1299536, MKI A01C 11/02, Bul. No. 12, 1987). The orienting device of the machine is made in the form of a curved scraper conveyor moving in a V-shaped chute. Root crops, which have taken the position with their tail down, fall out of the grippers on the curved section of the V-shaped groove, and the scraper leaves empty. Root crops, which have taken the position with their tail up, are fed through the intermediate chute through the funnel of the distribution device, and then into the storage. The disadvantage of this device is the possible damage to root crops due to an increase in the number of stages of orientation of some root crops due to their discharge in case of incorrect orientation. The orientation mechanism is complex in design, metal- and energy-intensive.

A device for orienting carrots is known (Great Britain, application No. 1353706, Danish priority 06/21/1971, No. 3029; publication 05/22/1974, No. 4442). The orienting device includes two discs, which are mounted on a common drive shaft, at a distance from each other and taper towards the middle; a locking element and a stop located at an angle to the horizontal on different sides in the gap between these discs, as well as a guide chute installed vertically above the discs. When root crops enter from the guide chute with the head down, the carrots are pinched between the discs and due to the rotation of the discs, the head is oriented in the direction of rotation of the discs. When root crops enter from the guide chute with the head up, the carrots fall between the discs and, due to the presence of a stop and the rotation of the discs, the head is also oriented in the direction of rotation of the discs. Running on the locking element, the root crop slides down along its surface and leaves the orienting device. The disadvantage of this orienting device is its unreliability, due to the fact that the roots are fed into the orienting device vertically, as a result of which, when the root crop falls, an impact and rebound in any arbitrary direction is possible, i.e. the orientation process becomes random; a small size range of roots is oriented due to the fact that in the alignment between the discs the stop for turning the tail of the root is fixed rigidly at a certain level.

A device for orienting root crops to a planting machine is known (RF Patent No. 2237397, MKI A01C 11/00, 11/02, Bul. No. 28 dated 10.10.2004), containing an endless traction element with grippers, moving in a V-shaped chute, open top and bottom having a horizontal orienting section of a rectilinear shape. An endless traction element is mounted on the side of the V-shaped groove and is parallel to one of the sidewalls of the V-shaped groove. The angle between the sides of the V-shaped groove is less than the minimum value of the taper angle of the tail of the root crop. Root crops are individually fed into the orienting device from above, until they come into contact with the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped groove. The linear velocity acquired by the center of mass of the root is converted into an angular rate of turn. The root crop hangs at the level of the plane of maximum diameter with support at two points, which are the imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop when it turns, and is carried to the planting apparatus by scrapers. If the root crop is fixed in the alignment of the orienting surfaces with its tail up, then it is forcibly turned by the blades of the beater drum. Disadvantages of this device: a strict, rigidly fixed angle between the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped groove limits the size range of orientable root crops and reduces the quality of orientation (due to a large variation in the taper angle of the tail part of root crops); the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped gutter during operation are contaminated with soil residues, which changes the angle between the orienting surfaces, their configuration and coefficient of friction, the orientation process becomes random, the kinematic modes of feeding root crops from the orienting device change, which leads to gaps in the planting apparatus and reduces the quality of orientation; the orientation mechanism is complex in design, has many kinematic transmissions, low productivity and requires constant monitoring of its work.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a device for orienting root crops to a planting machine (RF Patent No. 2372767, MKI A01S 11/00, 11/02, Bull. No. 32 dated 20.11.2009), a two-rotor paddle orienting device for root crops conical shape is two rotors with the same number of blades z _l1 = z _l2 , which are installed parallel to each other at the same level and rotate towards each other synchronously (n _p1 = n _p2 ), while the rotor blades are flat, rectangular, and the same size (L _A1 = L _A2, B _n1 = B _n2) and mounted relative to each other so that in the horizontal plane two combined blades of the rotor are flush with S ₀ minimum gap and the minimum length of the blades 2 of the rotor 1 is determined from the condition:

Root crops are individually captured by one of the rotor blades and occupy a horizontal position between adjacent rotor blades, with a long axis along the rotor rotation axis. With further rotation of the rotor, the root crop rolls over the surface of the blade and takes a stable position between two aligned blades of the rotors, which form a V-shaped groove. Further, with the synchronous rotation of the rotors, the root crop turns with its tail down and hangs at the level of the plane of the maximum diameter between the aligned blades of the rotors supported at two points, which are the reference points of the imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop, relative to which the turn occurs. The turn of the root crop with the tail part down occurs due to the conical shape of the tail part of the root crop and the moment of gravity arising in the V-shaped groove formed by the combined blades of the rotors. On the inclined concave surface of the receiving tray, the root crop is finally oriented with its tail down and comes off, maintaining its original oriented position.

The disadvantage of this device is that with different mass of root crops, different deflection of the blades is possible, which leads to a decrease in the quality of orientation of root crops, as well as the possibility of trauma to the roots of the blades.

The proposed invention is aimed at improving the uniform supply of beet root crops to the planting apparatus without sorting and separating into fractions and improving the quality of orientation, which increases productivity and reduces the cost of seed production.

The problem is solved by the fact that the blades of the two rotors, made of elastic material, mounted relative to each other in such a way that in the horizontal plane, the two aligned blades of the two rotors are at the same level, and the maximum gap S _max between the blades is determined from the condition:

S _max = Δ _max + (3 ... 4 MM),

at the same time, the maximum deflection Δ _max from the effect of the mass of the root crop is not more than 1 ... 2 mm determined by the dependence

- длина лопасти, мм; m - масса корнеплода, кг, g - ускорение свободного падения м/с²; Е - модуль упругости материала лопасти, МПА, J_x - момент инерции поперечного сечения лопасти, мм⁴.Where

- blade length, mm; m is the mass of the root crop, kg, g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ; E - modulus of elasticity of the blade material, MPA, J _x - moment of inertia of the blade cross section, mm ⁴ .

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the landing machine orienting device: a - top view, b - left view.

FIG. 2 shows the diagrams of the sequence of orienting the root crop by the orienting device of the planting machine: a view - left, b - top view.

The landing machine orienting device consists of two rotors 1 with the same number of blades 2 z _l1 = z _l2 , equal to the number of landing cones of the landing apparatus, which are installed parallel to each other at the same level and rotate towards each other with the same angular velocity (ω _p1 = ω _p2 ), while the blades of the two rotors 1 are made of elastic material, mounted relative to each other in such a way that in the horizontal plane, two aligned blades of the two rotors are at the same level, and the maximum gap S _max between the blades is determined from the condition:

S _max = Δ _max + (3 ... 4 mm),

at the same time, the maximum deflection Δ _max from the effect of the mass of the root crop is not more than 1 ... 2 mm determined by the dependence

- длина лопасти, мм; m - масса корнеплода, кг, g - ускорение свободного падения м/с²; Е - модуль упругости материала лопасти, МПА, J_x - момент инерции поперечного сечения лопасти, мм⁴, и приемного наклонного лотка 3.Where

- blade length, mm; m is the mass of the root crop, kg, g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ; E is the modulus of elasticity of the blade material, MPA, J _x is the moment of inertia of the blade cross section, mm ⁴ , and the receiving inclined chute 3.

The proposed orienting device of the landing machine operates as follows. Root crops are individually captured by one of the blades 2 of the rotor 1 and, due to the moment from the force of gravity, they occupy a horizontal position between the adjacent blades 2 of the rotor 1, the long axis along the axis of rotation of the rotor 1. When the blade of the rotor 1 is turned from the horizontal position by the value of the rolling friction angle of the root crop, it rolls over on the surface of the blade 2 and occupies a stable position between the two aligned blades 2 of two rotors 1, which form a V-shaped groove. With further synchronous rotation of two rotors 1, the combined blades 2 of the two rotors 1 "open", and the root crop turns with its tail down and hangs at the level of the plane of the maximum diameter between the combined blades 2 of two rotors 1 with support at two points A and B (Fig. 2) , which are the pivot points of the imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop, relative to which the reversal occurs. The orientation of the root crop with the tail part down occurs due to the conical shape of the tail part of the root crop and the moment of gravity arising in the V-shaped groove formed by the combined blades 2 of two rotors 1 due to the shift of the center of gravity of the root crop from the plane of the largest diameter towards the tail part.

Thus, the orienting device of the planting machine provides one-by-one orientation of root crops, regardless of their size and taper.

Claims (5)

Landing machine orienting device, containing two rotors with blades and a receiving chute, characterized in that the blades of the two rotors, made of elastic material, are mounted relative to each other in such a way that in the horizontal plane, the two combined blades of the two rotors are at the same level, and the maximum the gap between the blades is determined from the condition: S _max = Δ _max + (3 ... 4 mm), in this case, the maximum deflection Δ _max from the effect of the mass of the root crop no more than 1 ... 2 mm is determined by the dependence:

Where

- blade length, mm; m is the mass of the root crop, kg, g is the acceleration of gravity, m / s ² ; E - modulus of elasticity of the blade material, MPA, J _x - moment of inertia of the blade cross section, mm ⁴ .

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