RU2400960C1 - Orienter for conical root crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: in an orienter for conical root crops, an open top and open end symmetric V-groove is formed by two flat rectangular sidewalls pivoted above a symmetry axis of the sidewalls, on parallel axes of springs attached at the top of the sidewalls and stop piece at the bottom. The invention allows improving orientation reliability for conical root crops of greater size range regardless geometry, and higher performance. ^ EFFECT: higher performance of the orienter at 20-25% and orientation quality at 25-30%.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for orienting conical root crops.

Known devices for orienting objects of a conical shape (AS USSR No. 244162, B.I. No. 7, 1969; A.S. USSR No. 361934, B.I. No. 2, 1973; A.S. USSR No. 475973, BI No. 25, 1969) and others. These devices are simple in design, but they orient only a small size range of conical root crops, have low productivity and insufficient orientation reliability.

A known machine for planting root crops (as USSR USSR No. 1299536, MKI A01C 11/02, B.I. No. 12, 1987). The orienting device of the machine is made in the form of a curved scraper conveyor moving in a V-shaped groove. The root crops, which occupied the tail part down on the curved section of the V-shaped trough, fall out of the grips, and the scraper leaves empty. The root crops, which occupied the position of the tail part up through the intermediate tray, are fed into the funnel of the switchgear, and then into the drive.

The disadvantage of this device is the possible damage to root crops due to an increase in the number of stages of orientation of some root crops, due to their discharge in case of incorrect orientation. The orientation mechanism is complex in design, metal and energy intensive.

A device for orienting carrots is known (Great Britain, Application No. 1353706, priority of Denmark on 06/21/1971, No. 3029; Publication of 05/22/1974, No. 4442). The orienting device includes two discs that are mounted on a common drive shaft, at a distance from each other and taper towards the middle; a locking element and a stop located at an angle to the horizontal on different sides in the alignment between these disks, as well as a guide chute, mounted vertically above the disks.

Upon receipt of root crops from the guide chute, the carrots are pinched between the discs with their heads down, and due to the rotation of the discs, the head is oriented in the direction of rotation of the discs. Upon receipt of root crops from the directional chute, the carrots head down between the discs, head up, and due to the presence of a stop and rotation of the discs, the head also orientates in the direction of rotation of the discs. Running into the root element, the root crop slides down its surface and leaves the orienting device.

The disadvantage of this orienting device is its unreliability, due to the fact that the root crops are fed vertically into the orienting device, as a result of which, when the root crop falls, it is possible to hit and bounce in any arbitrary direction, i.e. the orientation process takes on a random character; the small size range of root crops is oriented, due to the fact that in the alignment between the disks, the stop for turning the root part of the root crop is rigidly fixed at a certain level.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a device for orienting root crops to a planting machine (RF patent No. 2237397, MKI A01C 11/00, 11/02, B.I. No. 28 of 10.10.2004), containing an endless traction element with grippers, moving in a V-shaped trough, open at the top and bottom and having a horizontal orienting section of a rectilinear shape. An endless traction element is installed on the side of the V-shaped groove and is parallel to one of the sides of the V-shaped groove. The angle between the sides of the V-shaped trough is less than the minimum value of the taper angle of the tail of the root crop.

Root crops are individually delivered to the orienting device from above until they come into contact with the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped groove.

The linear velocity acquired by the root center of mass is converted to the angular velocity of the turn. The root crop hangs on the plane of maximum diameter with a support at two points, which are the imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop when it is rotated, and is carried out to the planting apparatus by scrapers. If the root crop is fixed in the alignment of the orienting surfaces with the tail part upwards, then it is forcibly turned around by the blades of the biterrn drum.

The disadvantages of this device: a strict, rigidly fixed angle between the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped gutter limits the size range of orientable root crops and reduces the quality of orientation (due to the large variation in the angle of taper of the root portion of the root crops); the orienting surfaces of the V-shaped trough are contaminated by soil residues during operation, which changes the angle between the orienting surfaces, their configuration and friction coefficient, the orientation process acquires a random nature, which leads to omissions in the operation of the landing apparatus and reduces the quality of orientation; The orientation mechanism is complex in design, has many kinematic gears, low productivity and requires constant monitoring of its work.

The claimed invention is aimed at eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages, improving the quality of orientation and simplifying the design of the orienting device.

The problem is solved in that in the proposed orienting device for root crops of conical shape, a symmetrical V-shaped trough, open at the top and bottom, is formed with the help of two sides of a flat rectangular shape, which are articulated on parallel axes located above the axis of symmetry of the side walls, springs installed in top of the sidewalls and stops at the bottom.

The remaining features of the claimed device are private, since they characterize only a specific implementation of a particular node.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents a schematic diagram of an orienting device for root crops of conical shape in two types: a - main view; b - top view.

Figure 2 presents the sequence diagram of the orientation of the root crop orienting device for root crops conical shape: a - the main view; b - top view.

The orienting device for root crops of conical shape (Fig. 1) is two side walls 1 of a flat rectangular shape made of sheet material. The sidewalls 1 are pivotally mounted on the parallel axes 2. The axes are located above the horizontal axis of symmetry of the sidewalls in such a way that allows them to spontaneously open in opposite directions. Symmetrical V-shaped trough, open at the top and bottom, is formed by springs 3 and stops 4. Springs 3 are installed in the middle of the upper part of the sidewalls, which keep them from spontaneous opening. Stops 4 serve to prevent the side walls of the gutter from completely closing. The sides are mounted relative to each other in such a way that they form an angle less than the angle of conicity of root crops.

Orientation device operates as follows (Fig.1, 2). Root crops of a conical shape piecewise in a horizontal position from above fall into the orienting device, the root crops fall before the head of the root crop comes into contact with the sides of the 1 V-shaped groove (Fig. 2, position 1). The root crop hangs on a plane of maximum diameter with support at two points, which are the reference points of the imaginary axis of rotation of the root crop, relative to which the root crop unfolds with its tail part down. When the root crop is rotated, the sidewalls 1 gradually open, due to the fact that the gravity of the root crop acts below the horizontal axis of the sidewalls (Fig. 2, position 2). The sidewalls 1 pull the springs 3, and the oriented root crop falls down through the formed solution, then the sidewalls 1 with the springs 3 return to their original position and abut against the stops 4 (Fig. 2, position 3). Self-orientation (rotation) of the root crop with the tail part down occurs due to the fact that the center of gravity of the root crop of a conical shape is shifted from the imaginary axis of rotation towards the tail part. The constant opening and closing of the sidewalls contributes to their self-cleaning from adhering dirt, thereby improving the orientation of root crops.

Compared with the prototype, the orienting device for conical root crops provides orientation of a large size range of conical root crops regardless of their geometric parameters. Conducted search experiments on orienting sugar beet root crops in the proposed device in comparison with the prototype increases the productivity of the orienting device by 20-25% and the quality of orientation by 25-30%.

Claims (1)

An orienting device for conical root crops, the orienting surfaces of which form a V-shaped gutter open from above and below, characterized in that a symmetrical V-shaped gutter open from above and from below is formed using two sides of a flat rectangular shape that are pivotally mounted on parallel axes located above the axis of symmetry of the sidewalls, springs installed in the upper part of the sidewalls, and stops in the lower part.

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