RU2737769C1 - Apatite ore dressing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to the mining industry and can be used for extraction of valuable components from apatite ores, in particular for extraction of phosphorus oxide and rare-earth metals, and can be used in enrichment and processing of phosphorus-containing ores and technogenic raw materials of various origin. Apatite ore benefication method involves pulp treatment with liquid glass, conditioning and subsequent flotation. Ore is fed for grinding with tributyl phosphate, then comes for classification to produce drainage and sands. Drain goes to flotation of rare-earth metals, sands for conditioning with liquid glass. Produced pulp is fed for main flotation, collector is used as collector to produce concentrate and tails of main flotation. Concentrate of the main flotation is supplied to the first de-flotation flotation, and tails to the reference flotation. Tails of first cleaning floatation are combined with concentrate of control flotation. Tails of control floatation are sent to dump. First cleaning concentrate is fed into the second cleaning flotation to obtain ready apatite concentrate and tailings, which are sent to the head of the clean-up flotation.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of extraction of phosphorus oxide and rare-earth metals in enrichment of apatite-nepheline ores, reduction of losses of valuable components, as well as higher environmental safety of processing of mineral raw materials.

1 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to extract valuable components from apatite ores, in particular for the extraction of phosphorus oxide and rare earth metals, and can be used in the enrichment and processing of phosphorus-containing ores and technogenic raw materials of various origins.

A known method of flotation of apatite ores (patent RU No. 2164824 publ. 10.04.2001), which includes sequential processing of the pulp with soda, water glass, sulfite alcohol stillage, conditioning and subsequent flotation by a collector containing acylated aminohydroxamic acids. Before conditioning, the pulp is treated with ethylidene diamine tetraacetate (20-25 g / t).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of flotation sulfite-alcohol stillage, which leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the beneficiation process.

A known method of flotation of apatite ores (patent RU No. 2168369 publ. 10.06.2001), including sequential processing of the pulp with soda, water glass, sulfite-alcohol stillage, collector containing a mixture of acylated amino and hydroxamic acids. Before conditioning with a collector, the pulp is additionally treated with iminobis (methylene diphosphonic acid) - IBIDFK.

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of flotation using sulfite-alcohol stillage, which leads to a decrease in the selectivity of the flotation process, as well as deterioration of the water balance of the plant.

A known method of flotation of phosphorus-containing ores (USSR author's certificate No. 1559506 publ. 20.07.1995), including conditioning the pulp with carbonate, sodium silicate and lignosulfonate. Then a collector is introduced and phosphorus-containing minerals are separated into the foam product. Calcium and / or magnesium chlorides are also added to the conditioning operation.

The disadvantage of this method is the low depressing effect of lignosulfonate, which leads to the complication of the technological scheme to achieve the required quality of the concentrate.

There is a method of complex concentration of apatite-nepheline ores (patent RU No. 2152258 publ. 10.07.2000), including regrinding of the control apatite flotation tailings, additional flotation of apatite after this operation, return of the foam product to the apatite cycle and subsequent separation from the chamber product after its desludging, titanium nepheline, sphene and aegirine concentrates.

The disadvantages of this method are incomplete extraction of valuable components, high energy costs due to the introduction of additional regrinding operations.

A known method of flotation of apatite ores in a water circulation (patent RU No. 2207915 publ. 10.07.2003), taken as a prototype, which includes sequential treatment of the pulp with caustic soda, water glass, organic regulator, conditioning and subsequent flotation with an oxyhydryl collector, characterized in that that polyethylene glycol ethers of monoalkylphenols are used as organic regulator.

The disadvantages of this method are the insignificant selectivity of the collector under conditions of decreasing quality of mineral raw materials, low selectivity of flotation beneficiation and negative environmental impact due to increased consumption of reagents.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of extraction of phosphorus oxide and rare earth metals during the beneficiation of apatite-nepheline ores, to reduce the loss of valuable components, as well as to increase the environmental safety of processing mineral raw materials.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the ore is fed for grinding with the addition of tributyl phosphate, then enters the classification with the receipt of drain and sands, the drain goes to flotation extraction of rare earth metals, sands for conditioning with liquid glass, the resulting pulp is sent to the main flotation, as a collector is used collective the mixture, with obtaining the concentrate and tailings of the main flotation, the concentrate of the main flotation goes to the first clean-up flotation, and the tailings to the control flotation, the tailings of the first clean-up flotation are combined with the concentrate of the control flotation, the tailings of the control flotation are sent to the dump, the concentrate of the first clean-up flotation goes to the second clean-up flotation , with the receipt of the finished apatite concentrate and tailings, which are sent to the head of the clean-up flotation.

The method of apatite ore beneficiation is illustrated by the following figures:

fig. 1 - flow chart of the method;

fig. 2 is a micrograph of apatite crystals in reflected light;

fig. 3 - micrograph of apatite crystals in backscattered electrons, where:

1 - apatite;

2 - muscovite;

3 - sphene;

4 - aegirine-augite;

5 - kaolinite;

6 - carbonate of rare earth elements;

7 - zeolites.

The method is implemented as follows (Fig. 1). The original apatite ore (Fig. 2), containing apatite 1 (Fig. 3), muscovite 2, sphene 3, aegirine-augite 4, kaolinite 5, rare earth carbonate 6 and zeolites 7, is fed to grinding with tributyl phosphate. The addition of tributyl phosphate during grinding of apatite-nepheline ore makes it possible to increase the efficiency of grinding (Table 1) and to transfer rare earth metals (REM) into complex compounds with tributyl phosphate.

The crushed product goes for classification. After classification, an overflow is obtained, which contains complex compounds of rare earth metals, and sands, which are sent to flotation to isolate apatite. The resulting plum is sent to flotation, where a previously dispersed tributyl phosphate is used as a complexing agent and collector, and REM is obtained in the form of a flotation concentrate. Classification sands are sent for conditioning with liquid glass, after which the treated slurry goes to flotation. The flotation cycle includes main flotation, two cleaners and one control flotation. The collecting mixture is used as a collector in flotation operations. After the main flotation, concentrate and tailings of the main flotation are obtained. The concentrate of the main flotation goes to the first cleaning flotation, the tailings - to the control flotation. As a result of the first clean-up flotation, concentrate and tailings of the first clean-up flotation are obtained, after control flotation: concentrate and tailings of control flotation. The first cleanup tailings and the control flotation concentrate are combined and returned to the main flotation head. Control flotation tails are a waste product. The concentrate from the first clean-up flotation enters the second clean-up flotation. The tailings of the second clean-up flotation are returned to the head of the first clean-up flotation. The second clean-up concentrate is a finished apatite concentrate. A collective mixture is used as a collector. As a result of concentration of apatite-nepheline ore, a commercial apatite concentrate and a product containing rare earth metals are obtained.

The method is illustrated by the following example. Apatite-nepheline ore containing rare earth metals is enriched. The content of rare-earth metals is 1% (wt.) Calculated as oxides. Grinding of apatite-nepheline ore to a technologically ready size class (80% class -160 + 0 mm) is carried out by mechanochemical activation in a solution of tributyl phosphate 1000 g / t. Mechanochemical activation makes it possible to reduce the circulating load in the grinding cycle, while during grinding, tributyl phosphate extraction occurs for the collective separation of all REM from the apatite-nepheline ore. Up to 4% (wt.) Goes into solution. The crushed material enters the classification in about sludge-free funnels, in which separation into sands and discharge, containing the extract of rare earth metals, is carried out, which, after isolation, is sent to flotation of rare earth metals. Sands are supplied for conditioning with liquid glass - 400 g / t. And then flotation is carried out with the addition of recycled water containing Ca ²⁺ cations, which have an activating effect on the flotation of apatite. The flotation cycle consists of a main flotation, two check and one check operations. The collecting mixture is used as a collector (Distilled tall oil (DTM) + Crude tall oil (STM (hv.)) + Crude tall oil (STM (leaf)) + Alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (ABSK) + OKID). The best result in the collective mixture was shown by oxyethylated isotridecanol. The total consumption of the collecting mixture is 130 g / t (85 g / t in the main operation, 15 g / t in the control flotation and 25 g / t and 5 g / t in the first and second cleaning operations, respectively.) coarse concentrate and tailings. Coarse concentrate enters the feed of the first clean-up flotation, and the tailings are fed into the feed of the control flotation. The tailings of the first clean-up flotation are combined with the control flotation concentrate and returned to the head of the main flotation. where there is a separation into tailings, which are returned to the head of the first cleaning and concentrate. The concentrates of the second cleaning flotation are the finished apatite concentrate. And the tailings of the control flotation are the waste product. containing REM. Tables 2 show the results of fl otational enrichment.

The developed method makes it possible to increase the efficiency of extracting phosphorus oxide into concentrate with the associated production of a concentrate containing rare earth metals, while enriching apatite-nepheline ore, is environmentally safe and economically profitable.

Claims (1)

A method for beneficiation of apatite ore, including the treatment of the pulp with water glass, conditioning and subsequent flotation, characterized in that the ore is fed for grinding with the addition of tributyl phosphate, then enters the classification with the receipt of drain and sand, the drain goes to flotation extraction of rare earth metals, sand for conditioning with liquid glass, the resulting slurry is sent to the main flotation, the collecting mixture is used as a collector to obtain the concentrate and tailings of the main flotation, the concentrate of the main flotation goes to the first cleaning flotation, and the tailings to the control flotation, the tails of the first cleaning flotation are combined with the control flotation concentrate, the control tailings flotation is sent to the dump, the concentrate of the first clean-up flotation goes to the second clean-up flotation to obtain the finished apatite concentrate and tailings, which are sent to the head of the clean-up flotation.

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