US2919802A - Method of concentrating ores - Google Patents
Method of concentrating ores Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2919802A US2919802A US598507A US59850756A US2919802A US 2919802 A US2919802 A US 2919802A US 598507 A US598507 A US 598507A US 59850756 A US59850756 A US 59850756A US 2919802 A US2919802 A US 2919802A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- per
- slimes
- ore
- concentrate
- mannogalactan
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 16
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000303965 Cyamopsis psoralioides Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YIBBMDDEXKBIAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;pentoxymethanedithioate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCOC([S-])=S YIBBMDDEXKBIAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000881 depressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005740 hexametaphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052892 hornblende Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000311 mannosyl group Chemical group C1([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052954 pentlandite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/016—Macromolecular compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/06—Depressants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved method for the concentration of ores.
- the invention is particularly directed to improving the efiiciency of the froth flotation of ores, and particularly the concentration by froth flotation of ores which contain, in addition to desired minerals or metal values, minerals such as talc, clay, magnesia, calcium, silica and the like which, under the conditions prevailing in the preparation for and in treatment by froth flotation, convert to slimes from which it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a satisfactory separation of desired minerals.
- the difiiculty is that as the amount of slimes in the ores increases, the amount of dextrin and/or starch must be increased until the point is reached at which the addition of further amounts ofstarchor dextrin serves no useful purpose and interferes with the efiicient separation and recovery of desired minerals.
- the present invention is, of course, based on results obtained in exhaustive investigations conducted withfthe object of overcoming the problem attendant with the presence of appreciable amounts of. slimes in the ores and is entirely independent of hypothetical considerations. It is known that clay and talc slimes are relatively easy to fiocculate but that slimes which contain insoluble carbonates, silicates and sulphides are diflicult'to flocculate. Also, flocs of sulphide slimes, when formed, are less stable than clay flocs and are easily destroyed. A l
- the addition of the depressant for the slimes tends to depress the slimes, it also results in the loss of desired metal values, thus lowe 'ng the overall efiiciency of thefrecovery of desired minerals'
- a disper'sant for the slimes is added to the pii-lp' mixtur'e prior to the addition of the depressant, the slim'particlesafi dispersed in the pulp to the extent that" when the depressant is added they become inertto the action of the collector employed for the collection ofthe desiredininer als and remain suspehdedin the pulp mixture while the desired minerals riseto and overflow from the Upper part of the flotation cell.
- a relatively'clean separation of desired minerals can be 'olbtair'ied fromforeshwhich contain a relatively high slirfieorin'sofl content with resulting recovery of a 's'htisfac'tory concentrate in which the insol content is substantially reduced without adversely affecting the overall recovery of desired minerals.
- mannogalactan possesses unusual and unexpected properties as a depressant for slimes, particularly when they are associated with an ore which contains metal values. Mannogalactan occurs in the seeds or many legumes, an example of which is the endosperm of the pod bearingflegume known as guar. Mannogalactan which occurs in guar seeds consists of approximately 67% mannose units and 33% galactose units.
- mannogalactan alone is not sufiicient for the purpose of the present invention. It must be preceded by the'addition of a dispersant to prevent flocculation of slimes with attendant entrainment of desiredjmin i l h s, according to the present invention, a suitabledispersant is added to the pulp prior to theaddition ofthe depressant for the slimes.
- the dispersing agent must be a relatively highly io-niz ed salt, particularly in the treatment of ores which contain a high slimes content.
- Alkali metal phosphates such as, sodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate a'nd sodium hexa: metaphospha'f'e and alkalimetal.
- silicates such 'as'sodium silicate. are illustrative of highly'ioriizedsalts suitable for use as dispersants in the present'invention. It is found further that the dispersing'ag'en't, in'order toobtain maxi mum effectiveness, must be added to the ore pulp or slurry prior to the addition of the collector.
- the ore In conventional flotation practice, the ore usually is subjected to a preliminary conditioning step during which the, usual collector, such as a sodium or potassium xa'n'that'efand frothing agent such as a high alcohol, are added.
- the conditioned ore pulp is then passed to the flotation cells.
- the dispersant for the slimes to the conditioning step, during which it is dispersed throughout the pulp mixture.
- the mannogalactan depressant then caiijb'ef added to the stream of pulp as it is passed from the conditioner to the flotation cells.
- the various agents can be added at any other suitable point to the feed to the cells.
- the ore subjected to the concentration process of this invention contained pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite.
- the gangue minerals were principally talc, pyroxine and hornblende.
- the flotation circuit comprised a, roughencircuit. which produced a bulk nick 1 copper concentrate, 'a nickel'middling circuit final tailings were discharged and a cleaner circuit.
- the bulk nickel-copper concentrate was, separated in a. separation circuit into a high grade nickel concentrate and a high grade copper concentrate. Concentrate from the nickel middling cleaner circuit was added to the high grade nickel concentrate and tailings from that circuit were returned to the middling circuit.
- the rougher and middling circuits were alkaline, from about pH 8 to 10, and the middling cleaner circuit was acid, about pH 6.5 with added sulphur dioxide.
- the ore subjected to treatment contained about 1.90% nickel, about 0.79% copper and about 65.6% insol.
- the potassium amyl xanthate is a known conventional collector
- the mannogalactan functions as a depressor for slimes, or insol, and also, has a selective fiocculating effect on sulphides
- the dispersant functions as a slimes dispersant and froth modifier, producing a more selective froth than is obtained by conventional practice.
- the use of the mannogalactan has effectively reduced the amount of collector and frother oil by about one-third of that which otherwise would be required.
- the effective range of the mannogalactan appears to be of the order of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pounds per
- the process of the present invention processes a number of important advantages.
- the slimes or insol content of an ore which contains a high slimes con-v tent is substantially reduced to the extent that a satisfactory ore concentrate can be produced with which no particular difliculties are encountered during its subsequent treatment, whetherby pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods for the extraction and recovery of desired metal values.
- the use of the auxiliary reagents does not add appreciably to the overall cost per ton of preparing the ore concentrate.
- the reagents can be added easily to the pulp mixture and their presence does not create new problems either in the froth flotation process or in subsequent treatment processes to which the ore concentrate is subjected.
- a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents comprising subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, a finite amount of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes and a finite amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal silicates as a dispersant for said slimes, said dispersant having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of the mannogalactan.
- a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents comprising subjecting a metal bearing sulphide-ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, a finite amount of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes, and a finite amount of a dispersant for slimes of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal pyrophosphates, alkali metal polyphosphates, and sodium silicate, the dispersant having been added to the ore pulp nrior to the addition of the mannogalactan.
- a method of separating valuable constituents from 10 metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents comprising subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to 0.5 pound of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to 0.5 pound per ton of ore of a dispersant for slimes of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal pyrophosphates, alkali metal polyphosphates, and sodium silicate, the dispersant having been added to the ore pulp.
- a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores comprising subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pound of guar per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to about 0.5 pound per ton of ore of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal silicates, the said compound having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of the guar.
- a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores comprising subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to 05 pound of guar per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to 0.5 pounds of sodium silicate per ton of ore, the sodium silicate having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of guar.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
Description
United States 2,919,802" METHOD OF CONCENTRATING oREsv No Drawing. Application July 18, 1956 Serial No. 598,507
6 Claims. (Cl. 209-167) This invention relates to an improved method for the concentration of ores. The invention is particularly directed to improving the efiiciency of the froth flotation of ores, and particularly the concentration by froth flotation of ores which contain, in addition to desired minerals or metal values, minerals such as talc, clay, magnesia, calcium, silica and the like which, under the conditions prevailing in the preparation for and in treatment by froth flotation, convert to slimes from which it is difficult, if not impossible, to obtain a satisfactory separation of desired minerals.
The problem of the presence of slimes in the operation of conventional froth flotation processes is known and a number of addition agents have been used in an endeavour to overcome it. For. example, reagents such as dextrin and starch have been employed to arrest the tendency of the slimes to interfere with the action of the mineral collector. It is believed that the dextrin and/or starch neutralize the slime particles in such a Way that they disperse throughout the pulp and allow the collector to move between the slime particles rather than being bound in and trapped by-them.
The presence of a small amount of slimes in ore subjected to concentration by froth flotation does not present a serious problem, particularly in the preparationofore concentrates for extraction and recovery of desired minerals by conventional pyrometallurgical methods. However, the presence of appreciable amounts of slimes in the ore interferes with the efi'icient recovery of desired minerals by froth flotation, and the presence of appreciable amounts of such slimes in the ore concentrates presents a serious problem in the extraction and recovery of desired minerals, and particularly if metal values are to be extracted and recovered by hydrometallurgical processes. The difiiculty is that as the amount of slimes in the ores increases, the amount of dextrin and/or starch must be increased until the point is reached at which the addition of further amounts ofstarchor dextrin serves no useful purpose and interferes with the efiicient separation and recovery of desired minerals.
It has been found that the problem of the presence of appreciable amounts of slimes, hereinafter referred to as insoluble matter or insol, in ore subjected to'froth flotation can be overcome by the use of a combination of auxiliary agents, one of which functions as a dispersant for the slimes and the other functions in the ore pulp, as a depressant for the slimes.
The present invention is, of course, based on results obtained in exhaustive investigations conducted withfthe object of overcoming the problem attendant with the presence of appreciable amounts of. slimes in the ores and is entirely independent of hypothetical considerations. It is known that clay and talc slimes are relatively easy to fiocculate but that slimes which contain insoluble carbonates, silicates and sulphides are diflicult'to flocculate. Also, flocs of sulphide slimes, when formed, are less stable than clay flocs and are easily destroyed. A l
2,919,802. mis re t J r 1. 9
reasonable explanation of the phenomenon takes place in the operation of this invention is that the addition of a depressant for the slimes alone tends to flocculate them, entraining in .thefl oc values of minerals, par ticularly metal values, which it is desired to separateand recover from the gangue material in the pulp. Thus, while the addition of the depressant for the slimes tends to depress the slimes, it also results in the loss of desired metal values, thus lowe 'ng the overall efiiciency of thefrecovery of desired minerals' However, if a disper'sant for the slimes is added to the pii-lp' mixtur'e prior to the addition of the depressant, the slim'particlesafi dispersed in the pulp to the extent that" when the depressant is added they become inertto the action of the collector employed for the collection ofthe desiredininer als and remain suspehdedin the pulp mixture while the desired minerals riseto and overflow from the Upper part of the flotation cell. Thus, a relatively'clean separation of desired minerals can be 'olbtair'ied fromforeshwhich contain a relatively high slirfieorin'sofl content with resulting recovery of a 's'htisfac'tory concentrate in which the insol content is substantially reduced without adversely affecting the overall recovery of desired minerals.
It is found that mannogalactan possesses unusual and unexpected properties as a depressant for slimes, particularly when they are associated with an ore which contains metal values. Mannogalactan occurs in the seeds or many legumes, an example of which is the endosperm of the pod bearingflegume known as guar. Mannogalactan which occurs in guar seeds consists of approximately 67% mannose units and 33% galactose units.
However, the addition of mannogalactan alone is not sufiicient for the purpose of the present invention. It must be preceded by the'addition of a dispersant to prevent flocculation of slimes with attendant entrainment of desiredjmin i l h s, according to the present invention, a suitabledispersant is added to the pulp prior to theaddition ofthe depressant for the slimes.
'Itis found that the dispersing agent must be a relatively highly io-niz ed salt, particularly in the treatment of ores which contain a high slimes content. Alkali metal phosphates such as, sodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate a'nd sodium hexa: metaphospha'f'e and alkalimetal. silicates such 'as'sodium silicate. are illustrative of highly'ioriizedsalts suitable for use as dispersants in the present'invention. It is found further that the dispersing'ag'en't, in'order toobtain maxi mum effectiveness, must be added to the ore pulp or slurry prior to the addition of the collector.
In conventional flotation practice, the ore usually is subjected to a preliminary conditioning step during which the, usual collector, such as a sodium or potassium xa'n'that'efand frothing agent such as a high alcohol, are added. The conditioned ore pulp is then passed to the flotation cells. It has been found by this invention that it is very cohVeniEnFtU'aHd the dispersant for the slimes to the conditioning step, during which it is dispersed throughout the pulp mixture. The mannogalactan depressant then caiijb'ef added to the stream of pulp as it is passed from the conditioner to the flotation cells. Alternatively, of course, the various agents can be added at any other suitable point to the feed to the cells.
In the following examples which illustrate the operation of the invention, the ore subjected to the concentration process of this invention, contained pentlandite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The gangue minerals were principally talc, pyroxine and hornblende. The flotation circuit comprised a, roughencircuit. which produced a bulk nick 1 copper concentrate, 'a nickel'middling circuit final tailings were discharged and a cleaner circuit. The bulk nickel-copper concentrate was, separated in a. separation circuit into a high grade nickel concentrate and a high grade copper concentrate. Concentrate from the nickel middling cleaner circuit was added to the high grade nickel concentrate and tailings from that circuit were returned to the middling circuit.
The rougher and middling circuits were alkaline, from about pH 8 to 10, and the middling cleaner circuit was acid, about pH 6.5 with added sulphur dioxide. The ore subjected to treatment contained about 1.90% nickel, about 0.79% copper and about 65.6% insol.
The ore pulp, mixture of ore and water, about 40% by weight solids, was first conditioned for five minutes with the dispersant, about 0.4 pounds sodium hexametaphosphate per ton of ore, and the collector, potassium amyl xanthate. Aerofroth 70 was employed as a frothing agent. Mannogalactan was then added in the form of guar, about 0.3 pound per ton of ore, and the pulp was conditioned for about minute and passed to the first rougher cells. If a conditioner cell is not employed, the various agents can be added to the overflow from the classifier or to such other source of feed to the flotation circuit which may be employed.
Additional guar and dispersant were added to either or both the middling and middling cleaner circuits of the ton of ore. Greater amounts of these reagents appear to have a depressing effect on the sulphides with resultant lower metals recovery. Optimum results appear to be obtained by the use of from 0.25 to 0.35 pounds of mannogalactan and 0.35 and 0.45 pounds of dispersant per ton of ore. It is not intended that the invention should be limited to any specific amount of either or both these auxiliary reagents as these amounts must be varied with the slimes or insol content of the specific ore being treated.
In the use of the reagents employed in the operation of the present invention, the potassium amyl xanthate is a known conventional collector, the mannogalactan functions as a depressor for slimes, or insol, and also, has a selective fiocculating effect on sulphides, and the dispersant functions as a slimes dispersant and froth modifier, producing a more selective froth than is obtained by conventional practice. In addition to its functions as a slimes or insol depressant, the use of the mannogalactan has effectively reduced the amount of collector and frother oil by about one-third of that which otherwise would be required.
The improved results obtained in the operation of the present invention are illustrated in the following tables.
TABLE 1 The efiecl of using increasing amounts of guar without dispersant [Rougher circuit pH 8.6]
Assays Recoveries Tailings Guar, LbsJton of ore Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu Blank, Rougher Concentrate 8. 24 4.00 40. 7 84.1 93. 3 8. 60 .27 .05 0.1# Rougher Concentrate- 8.00 3. 55 38. 2 89. 1 93. 2 8. 71 .19 .05 0.2# Rougher Concentrated 8. 24 3.60 34.8 89. 5 91. 7 7. 70 18 .05 0.3# Rougher Concentrate 9. 4. 30.0 89.0 92. 1 5. 78 18 .06 0.4# Rougher Concentrate. 9. 72 4. 55 26. 4 88. 2 90. 5 4. 83 19 .07 0.5# Rougher Concentrate 10. 20 4. 80 24.3 88. 1 90. 5 4. 20 19 .07
order of about 0.2 pounds of each reagent per ton of ore. In this, it has been found that the effectiveness of the depressant is at least partially destroyed when it is present in a pulp mixture passed through a pump. Thus, it is best to add at least this reagent to the mixture be- The use of guar alone improved the grade of concentrate by about 2%. It increased the overall recovery of metal values by about 4% and it effected a substantial reduction in the slimes or insol in the resulting concentrate.
TABLE 2 Effect of increasing amounts of guar using 0.4 lbs. sodium hexametaphosphate per ton of ore [Rougher circuit pH 9.6]
Assays Recoveries Taillngs Sodium Hexameta- Guar, Lbs/ton phosphate, Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Lbs./ton cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu 0.20# Rougher C0ncentrate 10.37 4.08 28. 5 86.0 90. 3 8.03 .35 .09 0.25# Rougher Concentrate 10.69 4. 26 24. 7 86. 0 91.3 6. 67 .34 .08 0.30# Rougher Concentrate 11. 12 4. 45 22. 7 85.8 90.1 5. 8 .34 .09 0.35# Rougher Concentrate 11. 4. 55 19. 8 86. 2 88.2 4. 98 .34 .11 0.40# Rougher Concentrate" 11.92 4. 18. 3 85.0 89. 1 4. 48 .36 .10
tween a pump which is employed for moving it to its point of use.
The effective range of the mannogalactan appears to be of the order of from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pounds per The addition of the dispersing agent, sodium hexametaphosphate, increased the grade of the concentrate and reduced the amount of insol with only a slight de- 75 crease in the overall recovery of metal values.
TABLE 7 Efiects of increasing amounts of sodium phosphate- Na I-1PO with 0.27# guar Assays Recoveries Taflings Sodium Phosphate Gum, lbs/ton NmHPO Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Lbs./ton cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu 0.18;. 0.273 Rongher Concentrate" 9. 4. 32 31. 2 87.5 89.1 6. 43 22 .09 0.27;? .do 10. 12 4. 67 28. 8 86. 7 87. 8 5. 46 24 10 6? 8.84 4.22 28 3 88.0 90. 2 6.00 .21 .08
Hexametephosphate, lbs/ton:
0.362 0.279 Standard Concentrate. 9.28 4.37 30 3 88 8 89 2 6 25 .20 .09
TABLE 8 Efiects of increasing amounts of tripolyphospkate- Na P O with 0.264%: guar Sodium Assays Recoveries Tailings Tripoly- Phosphate Guar, 1bs./ton N 21 F 01), Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Pen Per- Lbs./ton cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu 0.17# 0.269 Rougher Concentrate.. 7.92 3.62 28.8 88.7 93.0 7.63 .22 .06 7. 76 3. 55 28. 3 88. 6 91. 8 7. 58 22 .07 8. 32 3. 90 26. 7 87. 6 93. 0 6. 70 24 08 8.72 4.08 23.7 87.9 90.3 5.4 .22 .08
Hexameta- Phosphate, lbs/ton:
0.34# 0.260 Standard Concentrate. 8.56 3.97 27.6 87.8 88 3 6.48 .23 .10
TABLE 9 Efiects of increasing amounts of pyrophosphate Na P 0 with 0.31? guar Assays Recoveries Tailings Pyrophosphate Guar, lbs/ton N84PQO7, Per- Per- Pcr- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- LbsJton cent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu lnsol. Ni 11 0.2%. 0.32 Rougher Concentrate... 9 96 4.40 25.0 85.2 92. 5 5.36 .06 0.3%. d0 9 24 3.92 23.2 88.6 92.7 6.66 .23 .06 0.459 8. 56 3. 72 22. 6 38. 0 91. 6 5. 90 24 07 0.51; 9. 96 4. 30 18.8 87.7 91. 3 4. 14 24 Sodium Hexemeta- Phosphate. lbsJton:
0.4% 0.3;? Standard Concentrate- 9.00 3.85 25.3 87 9 90 3 6. 11 .24 .08
TABLE Efiects of increasing amounts of sodium silicate with 0.3# guar Assays Recoveries Taflmgs Sodium Silicate, Guer, lbs/ton LbsJton Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Per- Percent cent cent cent cent cent cent cent N1 Cu Insol. Ni Cu Insol. Ni Cu 0.53 0.3{1Rougher Concentrate-.. 10. 16 4. 57 24. 1 88 2 89.8 4 71 .21 .08 1.0# do 11. 46 5. 20.1 87 4 90. 7 3 41 22 07 1.53-. 10.92 4.95 20.7 87 5 90.9 3 72 .22 .07 2.0# 12. 5. 17. 2 86 0 89. 4 2 69 24 08 2.5;? 12.32 5.65 16.4 86 6 89.6 2 61 .23 Sodium Hexameta- Phosphate. lbs/ton;
The process of the present invention processes a number of important advantages. Primarily, the slimes or insol content of an ore which contains a high slimes con-v tent is substantially reduced to the extent that a satisfactory ore concentrate can be produced with which no particular difliculties are encountered during its subsequent treatment, whetherby pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods for the extraction and recovery of desired metal values. The use of the auxiliary reagents does not add appreciably to the overall cost per ton of preparing the ore concentrate. Also, of course, the reagents can be added easily to the pulp mixture and their presence does not create new problems either in the froth flotation process or in subsequent treatment processes to which the ore concentrate is subjected.
It will be understood, of course, that modifications can be made in the operation of the process of the present invention Without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents, the improvement which comprises subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, a finite amount of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes and a finite amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal silicates as a dispersant for said slimes, said dispersant having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of the mannogalactan.
2. In a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents, the improvement which comprises subjecting a metal bearing sulphide-ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, a finite amount of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes, and a finite amount of a dispersant for slimes of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal pyrophosphates, alkali metal polyphosphates, and sodium silicate, the dispersant having been added to the ore pulp nrior to the addition of the mannogalactan.
3. In a method of separating valuable constituents from 10 metal bearing sulphide ores which contain slime forming constituents, the improvement which comprises subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to 0.5 pound of mannogalactan as a depressant for slimes per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to 0.5 pound per ton of ore of a dispersant for slimes of the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal pyrophosphates, alkali metal polyphosphates, and sodium silicate, the dispersant having been added to the ore pulp.
prior to the addition of the mannogalactan.
4. In a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores, the improvement which comprises subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to about 0.5 pound of guar per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to about 0.5 pound per ton of ore of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal phosphates and alkali metal silicates, the said compound having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of the guar.
5. The method according to claim 4 in which the said compound is a member selected from the group consisting of alkali metal pyrophosphates and alkali metal polyphosphates.
6. In a method of separating valuable constituents from metal bearing sulphide ores, the improvement which comprises subjecting a metal bearing sulphide ore pulp to froth flotation in the presence of a mineral collector, from about 0.1 to 05 pound of guar per ton of ore and from about 0.2 to 0.5 pounds of sodium silicate per ton of ore, the sodium silicate having been added to the ore pulp prior to the addition of guar.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,454,838 Borcherdt May 8, 1923 2,696,912 Atwood Dec. 14, 1954 2,724,499 Smith Nov. 22, 1955 2,740,522 Aimone Apr. 3, 1956 OTHER REFERENCES Taggart: Handbook of Mineral Dressing, 1945, p. 12-21, 12-108.
Claims (1)
1. IN A METHOD OF SEPARATING VALUABLE CONSTITUENTS FROM METAL BEARING SULPHIDE ORES WHICH CONTAIN SLIME FORMING CONSTITUENTS, THE IMPROVEMENT WHICH COMPRISES SUBJECTING A METAL BEARING SULPHIDE ORE PULP TO FROTH FLOTATION IN THE PRESENCE OF A MINERAL COLLECTOR, A FINITE AMOUNT OF MANNOGALACTAN AS A DEPRESSANT FOR SLIMES AND A FINITE AMOUNT OF A COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALKALI METAL PHOSPHATES AND ALKALI METAL SILICATES AS A DISPERSANT FOR SAID SLIMES, SAID DISPERSANT HAVING BEEN ADDED TO THE ORE PULP PRIOR TO THE ADDITION OF THE MANNOGALACTAN.
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US598507A US2919802A (en) | 1956-07-18 | 1956-07-18 | Method of concentrating ores |
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Cited By (18)
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US3919079A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1975-11-11 | David Weston | Flotation of sulphide minerals from sulphide bearing ore |
US4853114A (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1989-08-01 | American Cyanamid Copany | Method for the depressing of hydrous, layered silicates |
US4880529A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-14 | Falconbridge Limited | Separation of polymetallic sulphides by froth flotation |
US4952329A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1990-08-28 | Falconbridge Limited | Separation of polymetallic sulphides by froth flotation |
US4979987A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-12-25 | First Miss Gold, Inc. | Precious metals recovery from refractory carbonate ores |
US5030340A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-07-09 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for the depressing of hydrous silicates and iron sulfides with dihydroxyalkyl polysaccharides |
US20060133974A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractory gold ores or concentrates |
US20070012630A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-01-18 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US20070217285A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Autoclave with underflow dividers |
US20070292326A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-20 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Process for reduced alkali consumption in the recovery of silver |
US20080017552A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-01-24 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US20080029460A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-02-07 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc. | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
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US20110038770A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-02-17 | Geoffery David Senior | Processing Nickel Bearing Sulphides |
US7913852B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2011-03-29 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8092686B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2012-01-10 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
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Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3919079A (en) * | 1972-06-28 | 1975-11-11 | David Weston | Flotation of sulphide minerals from sulphide bearing ore |
US4853114A (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1989-08-01 | American Cyanamid Copany | Method for the depressing of hydrous, layered silicates |
AU608430B2 (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1991-03-28 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for the depressing of hydrated silicates |
US4880529A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-14 | Falconbridge Limited | Separation of polymetallic sulphides by froth flotation |
WO1989010792A1 (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-16 | Falconbridge U.S., Inc. | Separation of polymetallic sulphides by froth flotation |
US4952329A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1990-08-28 | Falconbridge Limited | Separation of polymetallic sulphides by froth flotation |
US4979987A (en) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-12-25 | First Miss Gold, Inc. | Precious metals recovery from refractory carbonate ores |
US5030340A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1991-07-09 | American Cyanamid Company | Method for the depressing of hydrous silicates and iron sulfides with dihydroxyalkyl polysaccharides |
US20100024603A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2010-02-04 | Placer Dome Technical Services Ltd. | Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractory gold ores or concentrates |
US8029751B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2011-10-04 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractory gold ores or concentrates |
US20060133974A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-22 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractory gold ores or concentrates |
US7604783B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2009-10-20 | Placer Dome Technical Services Limited | Reduction of lime consumption when treating refractor gold ores or concentrates |
US20070012630A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-01-18 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8011514B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2011-09-06 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US10150839B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2018-12-11 | Ingevity South Carolina, Llc | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8127930B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2012-03-06 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8092686B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2012-01-10 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US20080017552A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-01-24 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US20080029460A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2008-02-07 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc. | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8757389B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2014-06-24 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US7913852B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2011-03-29 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Modified amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8702993B2 (en) | 2004-12-23 | 2014-04-22 | Georgia-Pacific Chemicals Llc | Amine-aldehyde resins and uses thereof in separation processes |
US8061888B2 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2011-11-22 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Autoclave with underflow dividers |
US20070217285A1 (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Autoclave with underflow dividers |
US20070292326A1 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2007-12-20 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Process for reduced alkali consumption in the recovery of silver |
US8252254B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2012-08-28 | Barrick Gold Corporation | Process for reduced alkali consumption in the recovery of silver |
US20110039477A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-02-17 | Geoffery David Senior | Processing Nickel Bearing Sulphides |
US8753593B2 (en) | 2008-01-09 | 2014-06-17 | Bhp Billiton Ssm Development Pty Ltd. | Processing nickel bearing sulphides |
US20110038770A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2011-02-17 | Geoffery David Senior | Processing Nickel Bearing Sulphides |
EA020534B1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2014-11-28 | БиЭйчПи БИЛЛИТОН ЭсЭсЭм ДИВЕЛОПМЕНТ ПТИ ЛТД. | Processing nickel bearing sulphides |
US9028782B2 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2015-05-12 | Bhp Billiton Ssm Development Pty Ltd. | Processing nickel bearing sulphides |
WO2009086606A1 (en) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-16 | Bhp Billiton Ssm Development Pty Ltd | Processing nickel bearing sulphides |
US10315202B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-06-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Engulfed nano/micro bubbles for improved recovery of large particles in a flotation cell |
US12070757B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2024-08-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Engulfed nano/micro bubbles for improved recovery of large particles in a flotation cell |
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