RU2737460C1 - Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a conrod-free mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for use in engine building. Two-stroke internal combustion engine with a conrod-free mechanism comprises body (1) and main shaft (14). On body are fixed at angle of 90° two pairs (2, 4 and 3, 5) of opposed cylinders (2-5) with pistons (6). On each piston there are two parallel rods (8). Free ends of rods are brought out of housing through two linear bearings (9). Stems are connected with pushers (10, 11), on which bearings (12, 13) are installed. On the crankshaft there fixed is flat disk (15), on which circular treadmill (16) is made, hole (17) for dynamic stabilization of flat disk and ledge (18) for closing ignition contacts installed on the housing for each of cylinders.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of engine reliability due to reduced wear of its components.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for use in engine building and in other industries. The engine can be used as a source of mechanical energy for machines and mechanisms of land, water and air transport, for driving various industrial and household units.

Known internal combustion engine with a connecting rodless Vlasov mechanism (RF patent for invention No. 2141046, publ. 10.11.1999). The engine cylinders are star-shaped. The pistons with the help of rods are connected by roller bearings at their ends with the inner working edges of the treadmill of the rotating disc, rigidly fixed to the shaft. Pairs of oppositely located cylinders are evenly spaced around the circumference of the disk, while the cylinders of each pair are displaced relative to their common longitudinal geometric axis in the direction opposite to the working rotation of the disk.

The disadvantages of the known engine are increased wear as a result of lateral pressure of the pistons on the cylinder walls; the complexity of its design and manufacture of a treadmill located on a disc, having repeated protrusions and depressions.

Known two-stroke piston engine adopted as a prototype (RF patent for invention No. 2101524, publ. 10.01.1998), containing a housing, a cylinder with gas distribution windows, a piston with O-rings, a cylinder head with a hole for a nozzle or a candle, a pusher connected to the piston and a main shaft sliding in the housing guides and a bearing located at the end of the pusher, while the bearing acts on the main shaft, which has a polyhedron in cross section.

The following set of prototype features coincides with the essential features of the invention: housing and main shaft.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the presence of "fading" of the pistons when they pass the upper and lower dead points; lateral pressure of the pistons on the cylinder walls during engine operation and, consequently, their increased wear; the complexity of the manufacture of the main shaft, which has a polyhedron in section.

The invention is aimed at increasing the reliability of the engine by reducing the wear and tear of its leaving.

This is achieved by the fact that a two-stroke internal combustion engine with a connecting rod mechanism contains a housing and a main shaft. In the proposed solution, two pairs of opposed cylinders with pistons are fixed on the body at an angle of 90 °, on each of which two parallel rods are fixed. The free ends of the rods are brought out of the housing through two linear bearings. The rods are connected to the pushers on which the bearings are installed. A flat disk is fixed on the main shaft, on which a circular treadmill is made, an opening for providing dynamic stabilization of the flat disk and a protrusion for closing the ignition contacts installed on the housing for each of the cylinders.

To prevent the piston from turning around its axis, two parallel rods are fixed on it, the free ends of which, in order to reduce friction, are brought out of the body through two linear bearings for cylindrical guides. The piston rods of opposed cylinders are united by a pusher on which a bearing is installed. The pusher of one of the pairs of cylinders is bent to pass the pusher of the other pair of cylinders underneath. The use of two rods in each piston, preventing the rotation of the piston around its axis, ensures that the longitudinal axis of the bearing is parallel to the axis of rotation of the main shaft with a flat disc, on which a circular treadmill is made with a center offset from the center of the flat disc by 0.5 piston stroke height, a hole to provide dynamic stabilization of the flat disc and a protrusion for closing the ignition contacts installed on the housing. The pistons, by means of rods, a pusher and a bearing, are connected to the inner working edges of the treadmill of a flat disk rigidly fixed to the main shaft mounted on the housing. In this way, the lateral reactive forces generated by the bearing on the push rod and rods can be transferred to the housing without transmitting the lateral force to the piston, thus reducing the workload on the engine and therefore reducing cylinder and piston wear. Ensuring the parallelism of the axes of rotation of the bearing and the flat disk eliminates their misalignment and, therefore, reduces wear on the bearing and the edges of the treadmill. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the four cylinders are arranged to form two pairs at an angle of 90 °, the axes of which intersect on the axis of the engine crankshaft, ensuring symmetry and the possibility of reversing the direction of the engine operation. The working stroke at each moment of the engine operation occurs in two adjacent cylinders, thereby eliminating the "fading" of the pistons when they pass the upper (TDC) and lower (BDC) dead points, thereby ensuring smooth running.

Two-stroke engine cycles:

Compression cycle. The piston moves from the lower TDC to the upper TDC of the piston, first overlapping the purge and then the outlet port. After the piston closes the outlet port in the cylinder, compression of the previously supplied combustible mixture begins. At the same time in the chamber under the piston due to its tightness and after the piston closes the purge ports, a vacuum is created under the piston, under the action of which the combustible mixture enters the chamber under the piston through the inlet port and the slightly open valve.

Working stroke cycle. When the piston is near TDC, the compressed working mixture is ignited by the spark plug. Under the action of thermal expansion of gases, the piston moves to the BDC, while the expanding gases do useful work. At the same time, going down, the piston creates high pressure in the chamber under the piston, compressing the combustible mixture in it. Under the action of pressure, the valve closes, thus preventing the combustible mixture from leaving the chamber back. When the piston reaches the exhaust port, it opens and the exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere, the pressure in the cylinder decreases. With further movement, the piston opens the scavenging window and the combustible mixture compressed in the chamber under the piston flows through the channel, filling the cylinder and purging it from the remaining exhaust gases.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 shows the engine with local sections, FIG. 2 - section a-a in Fig. 1, FIG. 3 - cyclogram of engine operation.

A two-stroke internal combustion engine with a connecting rod mechanism contains a housing 1, on which cylinders 2, 3, 4, 5 with gas distribution windows are fixed at an angle of 90 ° to each other. The cylinders form pairs 2, 4 and 3, 5 and are positioned oppositely. In each cylinder 2, 3, 4, 5 there are pistons 6 and spark plugs 7. On the piston 6 are fixed two parallel rods 8, the free ends of which are brought out of the housing 1 through two linear bearings 9 installed on the housing 1. The piston rods 8 6 opposed cylinders 2, 4 and 3, 5 are connected to pushers 10 and 11, respectively. One of the pushers 10 is bent. The pushers 10 and 11 are fitted with bearings 12 and 13, respectively. The main shaft 14 is installed in the body 1. A flat disk 15 is fixed to the main shaft 14. The disk 15 has a circular treadmill 16 with a center offset from the center of the disk by 0.5 stroke height of the piston 6, a hole 17 to ensure its dynamic stabilization and a protrusion 18 to close the ignition contacts 19. The ignition contact 19 is installed on the housing 1 for each of the cylinders 2, 3, 4, 5.

The initial position of the engine is 0 ° (in Fig. 3). The track 16 on the disc 15 is in the upper position, and the bearing 12 located in it through the pusher 10 and the rods 8 holds the piston 6 of cylinder 2 at TDC in readiness for the stroke of the working stroke, and the piston 6 of cylinder 4 at BDC in readiness for the compression stroke. The bearing 13 through the pusher 11 and the rods 8 holds the piston 6 of the cylinder 3 while it is between the BDC and the TDC, and the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 is located between the TDC and BDC, creating a torque. The disc 15, in this case, rotates clockwise, and the hole 17 on it performs dynamic stabilization.

ENGINE OPERATION (fig. 3)

Rotation of the disc 15 from 0 ° to 90 °. The protrusion 18 closes the ignition contact 19 on the housing 1 and supplies voltage to the spark plug 7 of the cylinder 2, in which the stroke of the working stroke begins. The piston 6 through the rods 8 with linear bearings 9, the pusher 10 and the bearing 12, which, rolling along the track 16, rotates the disc 15 fixed on the shaft 14, together with the track 16, provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 2 from TDC to BDC, performing a stroke working stroke, and provides the movement of the piston 6 of cylinder 4 from BDC to TDC, carrying out a compression stroke. The bearing 13, rolling along the track 16, through the pusher 11 and the rods 8 moves the piston 6 of the cylinder 3 at TDC in the compression stroke mode, and the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 moves to the BDC in the stroke mode.

Rotation of the disc 15 from 90 ° to 180 °. The protrusion 18 closes the ignition contact 19 on the housing 1 and supplies voltage to the spark plug 7 of the cylinder 3, in which the stroke of the working stroke begins. The piston 6 through the rods 8 with linear bearings 9, the pusher 11 and the bearing 13, which, rolling along the track 16, rotates the disk 15 fixed on the shaft 14, together with the track 16, provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 3 from TDC to BDC, performing a stroke working stroke, and provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 from BDC to TDC, carrying out a compression stroke. The bearing 12, rolling along the track 16, through the pusher 10 and the rods 8 moves the piston 6 of the cylinder 4 at TDC in the compression stroke mode, and the piston 6 of the cylinder 2 moves to the BDC in the stroke mode.

Rotation of the disc 15 from 180 ° to 270 °. The protrusion 18 closes the ignition contact 19 on the housing 1 and supplies voltage to the spark plug 7 of the cylinder 4, in which the stroke of the working stroke begins. The piston 6 through the rods 8 with linear bearings 9, the pusher 10 and the bearing 12, which, rolling along the track 16, rotates the disc 15 fixed on the shaft 14, together with the track 16, provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 4 from TDC to BDC, performing a stroke working stroke, and provides the movement of the piston 6 of cylinder 2 from BDC to TDC, carrying out a compression stroke. The bearing 13, rolling along the track 16, through the pusher 11 and the rods 8 moves the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 at TDC in the compression stroke mode, and the piston 6 of the cylinder 3 moves to the BDC in the stroke mode.

Rotation of the disc 15 from 270 ° to 360 °. The protrusion 18 closes the ignition contact 19 on the housing 1 and supplies voltage to the spark plug 7 of the cylinder 5, in which the stroke of the working stroke begins. The piston 6 through the rods 8 with linear bearings 9, the pusher 11 and the bearing 13, which, rolling along the track 16, rotates the disk 15, fixed on the disk 14, together with the track 16, provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 5 from TDC to BDC, performing a stroke working stroke, and provides the movement of the piston 6 of the cylinder 3 from BDC to TDC, carrying out a compression stroke. The bearing 12, rolling along the track 16, through the pusher 10 and the rods 8, moves the piston 6 of the cylinder 2 to TDC in the compression stroke mode, and the piston 6 of the cylinder 4 moves to the BDC in the stroke mode.

Then the cycles are repeated.

The use of the proposed invention makes it possible to reduce mechanical losses; eliminate the "fading" of the pistons when they pass the upper and lower dead points; eliminate the lateral pressure of the pistons on the cylinder walls; simplify balancing; Reduce wear on the bearing and edges of the treadmill to reduce friction in the places where the piston rods pass through the guides in the housing; provide symmetry and the possibility of reversing the direction of the engine. All of the above results in reduced wear and increased engine reliability. In addition, the proposed solution is economical and has a simple design and technology for manufacturing the engine.

Claims (1)

A two-stroke internal combustion engine with a connecting rod mechanism, containing a housing and a main shaft, characterized in that two pairs of opposed cylinders with pistons are attached to the housing at an angle of 90 °, each of which has two parallel rods, the free ends of which are brought out of the housing through two linear bearings, the rods are connected to the pushers, on which the bearings are installed, and a flat disk is fixed on the main shaft, on which a circular treadmill is made, a hole to ensure dynamic stabilization of the flat disk and a protrusion for closing the ignition contacts installed on the housing for each of the cylinders ...

Images