RU2468225C2 - Non-crank two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: non-crank two-stroke internal combustion engine includes cylinder (2), sleeve (3), piston (8) connected to cylinder by means of rotary bodies connected to curved endless slot (14), and outlet shaft (12). Piston (8) consists of two component parts: pusher (9) with bearing (10) and piston head (11) installed on it. Endless curved slot (14) is made on side surface of pusher (9). The latter performs rotational movement transferred to outlet shaft (12). Piston head (11) is capable of back-and-forth movement along outlet shaft (12). Rotary bodies connected to curved endless slot (14) consist of roller bearings (15) installed on bearings (16) mounted in cylinder (2). Torque moment to outlet shaft (12) is transferred through ball bearings (13).

EFFECT: improving reliability and increasing service life due to lower friction coefficient and prevention of jamming of connected parts.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building.

The closest analogue to the invention is a "rodless internal combustion engine with rotating pistons" (RF Patent No. 2166654, BI 10.05.2001), comprising a cylinder liner, a piston, an output shaft and gears interacting with one of the elements of the piston-cylinder group, containing a groove on the surface, as well as a mechanism for the interaction of the piston with the output shaft of the engine, the piston being made in the form of a tubular element closed from the ends, the ends of which are sealed on the outer and inner surfaces Well, the piston is connected to the output shaft of the engine passing through both piston bottoms along its axis by means of rolling or sliding bearings resting on the plane of the output shaft, the outer surfaces of the upper and lower piston bottoms in conjunction with the corresponding surfaces of the upper and lower cylinder covers, and cylinder liners form combustion chambers located on both sides of the same piston, which makes it possible to alternately carry out work processes on both sides of the same piston, then v its double action, the groove is formed on the side surface of the piston, gears installed in the motor housing, and the mechanism of interaction of the piston to an output shaft located within the engine piston. The disadvantage of this engine is the complexity of its design, a large number of sealing elements, a small resource of its work at high speeds.

The prototype of the proposed device is a “crankless internal combustion engine” (RF Patent No. 2156871, BI 09.27.2000), containing a cylinder, sleeve, piston connected to the cylinder by means of rotation bodies included in the joint with a curved endless groove made on the outer surface of the piston moreover, a spring having preliminary compression is installed on the output shaft, with one end of the spring resting on the shoulder of the output shaft, and the other on the lower end of the piston skirt.

The main design flaws of this engine are:

- a small resource of its work due to the arising frictional forces between the rotating piston and the stationary sleeve;

- unreliability of the design when transmitting torque from the piston to the output shaft through the piston fingers;

- reduction in engine efficiency due to the absorption of explosion energy in the combustion chamber by the spring during the stroke of the piston.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability, resource and efficiency of the engine.

The goal is achieved: by changing the design of the piston to exclude its forced rotation during operation, by transmitting torque to the output shaft through a ball bearing; a change in gear design.

The invention is illustrated by a specific example of its implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1. General form.

Figure 2. Section AA (BDC) in figure 1.

Figure 3. Section AA (TDC) in Fig. 1.

The engine (Figs. 1-3) includes a cylinder head 1, a cylinder 2 and a sleeve 3 with purge windows 4 made in the walls, an exhaust window 5, an inlet window 6 and the supply channels of the combustible mixture 7, a piston 8 made integral and containing a pusher 9 s a bearing 10 and a piston head 11 mounted thereon, an output shaft 12 kinematically connected to the plunger 9 by means of ball bearings 13 with the possibility of axial movement. Moreover, on the side surface of the pusher 9, an endless curved groove 14 is made, which enters the joint with roller bearings 15 mounted on bearings 16 mounted in the cylinder 2. A flywheel 18 is mounted on the output shaft 12 mounted on the support bearing 17 for uniform operation and a valve an electric machine 19 to ensure the operation of electrical equipment of the engine, the housing of which is mounted on the cylinder 2. The cylinder 2 of the engine is equipped with an intake manifold 20 for mounting a carburetor (not shown) and an exhaust manifold 21 d I mount the muffler (not shown), as well as the valve 22 for supplying the combustible mixture to the sub-piston chamber 23. Ignition of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber 24 is carried out by a spark plug 25 installed in the cylinder head 1. The engine is sealed by sealing elements 26, and the combustion chamber piston rings 27.

The engine operates as follows.

In the process of combustion of the combustible mixture and expansion, the gases force the piston 8 to translate, which is perceived by the transmission mechanism, including a groove 14, made on the outer surface of the pusher 9. The groove 14, being in articulation with roller bearings 15 mounted on bearings 16 mounted in the cylinder 2, force the piston 8 to simultaneously reciprocate the piston head 11 and the rotation of the pusher 9. The rotational movement of the pusher 9 is transmitted to the output shaft 12 using ball bearings 13. This output shaft in the longitudinal direction remains stationary and rotates, and the piston has the ability to move along this shaft, and the piston head does not rotate, which reduces the friction forces when moving the piston.

The gas distribution in the engine is a two-stroke scheme.

1. The compression stroke.

The piston moves from the BDC (FIG. 2) to the TDC (FIG. 3), first shutting off the purge windows 4 and then the exhaust port 5. After the piston 8 closes the exhaust port, compression of the combustible mixture previously received in the combustion chamber 24 begins. At the same time, in the sub-piston chamber 23 due to its tightness and after the piston closes the purge windows, a vacuum is created under the piston, under the action of which a combustible mixture enters the piston chamber through the intake manifold 20 and opening valve 22.

2. The stroke of the stroke.

When the piston is positioned near TDC, the compressed combustible mixture is ignited by an electric spark from the spark plug 25 installed in the cylinder head 1, as a result of thermal expansion (explosion) of the combustible mixture, the piston moves to the BDC, while the piston creates high pressure in the sub-piston chamber, compressing the combustible mixture. Under pressure, the valve 22 closes, thus preventing the combustible mixture from entering the intake manifold again through the intake port 6 and then into the carburetor. When the piston reaches the exhaust window 5, it opens and the exhaust gases begin to flow through the exhaust manifold 21 into the atmosphere, the pressure in the combustion chamber decreases. With further movement, the piston opens the purge windows 4, and, compressed in the sub-piston chamber 23, the combustible mixture enters through the channels 7 into the combustion chamber, filling it and purging from the residual exhaust gases.

Next, the cycle repeats.

The proposed engine can be used as a drive for machines and mechanisms of land, water and air transport (generators, pumps, compressors and other mobile units).

Claims (3)

1. A crankless two-stroke internal combustion engine containing a cylinder, a sleeve, a piston connected to the cylinder by means of bodies of revolution included in the joint with a curved endless groove and an output shaft, characterized in that the piston is integral and contains a pusher with a bearing and mounted on it the piston head, an endless curved groove is made on the side surface of the pusher, the pusher performs a rotational movement transmitted to the output shaft, and the piston head has the ability to reciprocate translational motion along the output shaft. 2. The crankless two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation bodies included in the joint with a curved endless groove consist of roller bearings mounted on bearings mounted in a cylinder. 3. The crankless two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the torque to the output shaft is transmitted through ball bearings.

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