RU2735470C1 - Clock with indicator of distance from mars to sun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: watches and other time measuring instruments.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to clockworks. Device of time comprises body, clock face, clock mechanism and additionally contains mechanism of indication of distance from Mars to Sun. Proposed technical solution makes it possible to observe the distance from Mars to the Sun in real time.EFFECT: design of a time device with a mechanism for indicating distance from Mars to the Sun.10 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Technology area

The invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and, more specifically, to watch mechanisms of a complicated type, having an additional function of indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun.

State of the art

Mars is a terrestrial planet with a rarefied atmosphere.

Since the 1960s, the USSR (the Mars and Phobos programs), the USA (the Mariner, Viking, Mars Global Surveyor programs and others) have been engaged in direct exploration of Mars with the help of an automatic interplanetary station (AMS), European Space Agency (Mars-Express program) and India (Mangalyan program). To date, Mars is the most extensively studied planet in the solar system after Earth.

The climate on Mars, like on Earth, is seasonal. The angle of inclination of Mars to the orbital plane is almost equal to that of the Earth and is 25.1919 °; accordingly, on Mars, as well as on Earth, the seasons change.

An important feature of the Martian climate is that the eccentricity of Mars' orbit is much larger than that of the Earth, it is one of the largest in the Solar System, the difference between the distances in aphelion and perihelion is huge, more than 20%, and the Mars climate is strongly influenced by the distance to the Sun.

The closest point of its orbit to the Sun - perihelion - Mars passes during the height of winter in the northern hemisphere and summer in the southern. The most distant point of the orbit from the Sun - aphelion - Mars passes during the height of winter in the southern hemisphere and, accordingly, summer in the northern. As a result, the climate of the northern and southern hemispheres is different. The northern hemisphere of Mars is characterized by milder winters and cooler summers; in the southern hemisphere, winters are colder and summers hotter. In the cold season, even outside the polar caps, light frost can form on the surface of Mars.

Knowing at what distance Mars is from the Sun, many parameters can be taken into account that affect the state of instruments, in particular, the rovers on the surface of Mars. It is known that the eccentricity of the Martian orbit is one of the largest in the solar system. That is, a change in the distance from the Sun to Mars strongly affects the tidal forces in the gravitational field of the Sun and Mars, the amount of heat, the amount of sunlight (illumination), the amount of solar energy and the amount of radiation recorded on the surface of Mars.

In addition, information on the magnitude of the distance between the Sun and Mars at a particular moment in Earth time is important for astronomical observations and calculations, both from Earth and Mars.

In addition, the distance between the Sun and Mars can be used as an additional indicator when calculating the position of Mars in orbit, as well as for calculating the moments of great oppositions of Mars, in conjunction with the opposition indicator disclosed in patent documents RU 2685766 and RU 2681297, given in this application in as links in full. Moreover, in the case when the proposed indicator of the distance from Mars to the Sun indicates the minimum distance close to the point of perihelion of the orbit of Mars and with the onset of opposition, it will be possible to accurately designate this period as the moment of the great opposition of Mars.

Until now, there have been no known technical solutions disclosing time devices, for example, wrist or stationary watches, made with the possibility of indicating the distance between the Sun and Mars. At the same time, as already indicated above, this decision is necessary in the present realities in the light of the development of space programs and planning for the implementation of manned flights to Mars and the colonization of Mars. Projects such as the planned human flight to Mars with the help of the manned spacecraft Roskosmos, NASA and EKA have declared their goals in the 21st century. Thus, the planned implementation of the direct inclusion of the human mind in the exploration of Mars as a part of the surrounding world is the task of modern scientists.

In this regard, and taking into account all the above factors affecting both ensuring the operability of technical means on Mars and the possibility of planning and performing interplanetary flights during the opposition / great opposition of Mars, the need to create the present invention is obvious. The author proposed a device that allows observing the distance from the Sun to Mars in real time.

The use of this device is important when carrying out astronomical observations and calculations, both from Earth and Mars.

Thus, the author has not identified solutions aimed at creating a clock capable of displaying the distance from Mars to the Sun.

In view of the declared alleged plans for the further development and study of Mars among future explorers, astronauts, scientists, unmanned vehicles, rovers, etc. there will be an urgent need to determine the distance from Mars to the Sun due to the very large eccentricity of the Mars orbit.

Task and technical result

The technical problem solved by the present invention, and the technical result achieved by using the present invention, is to create a time device with a mechanism for indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun. The claimed technical solution allows observing the distance from Mars to the Sun in real time without the use of additional instruments and / or devices and / or systems and / or services that provide machine-to-machine communications and cover various communication protocols, domains and applications. In addition, there is no need to do additional calculations to determine the distance between Mars and the Sun.

Disclosure of invention

The goal set, the technical result required and obtained when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the time device contains a case, a dial, a clock mechanism, and additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun, by means of which the distance between Mars and the Sun is displayed at the current time of the earth's day or Martian days.

In this case, the mechanism for indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun contains a cam of the distance between Mars and the Sun.

In addition, the clockwork is connected to the cam of the equation of time using a kinematic connection.

In this case, the kinematic connection can be carried out by means of a gearbox.

At the same time, the indication mechanism includes an indication means that allows you to display the distance between Mars and the Sun.

In this case, the indication means includes an arrow-indicator of the distance between Mars and the Sun and a distance scale, with the values of the distance between Mars and the Sun marked on it.

In an embodiment, the arrow indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun can be made movable and move relative to the distance scale.

In an additional embodiment, the arrow indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun can be made stationary, and a movable distance scale can move relative to it

Moreover, the distance between Mars and the Sun can be indicated both in astronomical units and in kilometers.

The stated goal, the technical result required and obtained when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the above-mentioned time device is used in the method for displaying the distance between Mars and the Sun.

Brief Description of Drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings: Structurally, in a preferred, but not the only mandatory, version of the claimed device for indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun includes the following details:

1 - Case

2 - Crown

3 - Strap

4 - Hour hand

5 - Minute hand

6 - Distance scale

7 - Arrow indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun

8 - Cam distance from Mars to the Sun

9 - Dial

10 - Comb

11 - the comb probe

12 - Toothed part of the comb

13 - Wheel of an arrow of the equation of time

14 - Wheel of selection of backlash

15 - Spring of selection of backlash

16 - Pin of the wheel of selection of backlash

17 - Minute trib

18 - Clock wheel

19 - Bill tribe

20 - Bill wheel

21 - Daily wheel

22 - The first tribe of the reducer

23 - The first gear wheel

24 - the Second reducer tribe

25 - the Second gear wheel

26 - the Third tribe of the reducer

27 - the Third gear wheel

FIG. 1 shows a graph of the distance from the Sun to Mars, built from the data presented in Table 1.

FIG. 2 shows a watch with an indicator of the distance from the Sun to Mars.

FIG. 3 shows a variant of constructing a cam of the distance from Mars to the Sun.

FIG. 4 shows a variant of the drive mechanism for indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun, according to which the distance between the Sun and Mars is displayed on the distance scale 6 using the distance indicator arrow 7.

Implementation of the invention

To implement the invention, first of all, it is necessary to calculate the distance from the Sun to Mars.

For this we need the following data:

- orbital characteristics of Mars (eccentricity of the Martian orbit (e), perihelion, aphelion, semi-major axis (a), sidereal period of revolution (length of the year));

- heliocentric coordinates of the Sun in a rectangular coordinate system;

- heliocentric coordinates of Mars in a rectangular coordinate system.

Data on the orbital characteristics of Mars are widely studied and known. In particular, the author used information from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Mars: Facts & Figures. Solar System Exploration. NASA (https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/). Thus, the application used the following values of the orbital characteristics of Mars:

- Eccentricity of the Martian orbit (e) 0.0933941

- Perihelion 2.06655⋅108 km or 1.381 AU. e.

- Aphelios 2.49232⋅108 km or 1.666 AU. e.

- Semi-major axis (a) 2.2794382⋅108 km or 1.523662 a. e.

- The duration of the Martian year is 686.92970957 Earth days.

In this case, the designation "a. e. " is an astronomical unit for the IERS 2003 system of constants equal to 149597870691 m (see IERS CONVENTION, 2003). Further in the application, all calculations will be given in astronomical units. Obviously, if you wish or if necessary, you can easily convert astronomical units to kilometers

Considering that the planets are in an elliptical orbit, the calculation was made using the equations of the ellipse when calculating coordinates and distance. Therefore, even taking into account the inclination of the orbit, we can calculate the distance from the Sun, where, for example, the perihelion point of the orbit of Mars can be used as a reference point.

To calculate, we will use the following formulas.

The heliocentric coordinates of the Sun:

Where

x ₀ - x-coordinate of the center of mass of the Sun, the distance from the origin to the focus of the ellipse,

y ₀ - y-coordinate of the Sun's center of mass.

Heliocentric coordinates of Mars:

Where

a ₂ , b ₂ are the semiaxes of the elliptical orbit of Mars around the Sun,

ω ₂ = 2π / T ₂ - the circular frequency of rotation of Mars around the Sun,

T ₂ - the period of Mars revolution around the Sun,

t is a variable.

The distance r from the Sun to Mars at an arbitrary moment in time is related to the coordinates of the Sun and Mars by the ratio:

Substituting (1) and (2) in (3), we get:

Using the ratio:

Sin ² (ω ₂ t) = (1-Cos ² (ω ₂ t))

we bring expression (4) to the form:

We get

Where

r is the distance from the Sun to Mars.

Thus, using formula (6), for each day of the Martian year, the values of the distance from the Sun to Mars were obtained.

A distance curve was also obtained, which reflects the change in the distance from Mars to the Sun over time during the Martian year.

The results are shown in Table 1. Considering that the values in Table 1 are calculated by the applicant from 1 to 687 (the length of the Martian year), Table 1 is shown in a truncated form: the periods from 1 to 7 ... from 407 to 413 ... from 681 to 687 ...

These values were used to construct a cam of the distance from Mars to the Sun, shown in Fig. 3. Structurally select the largest and smallest value and, based on these values, build the cam profile of the distance from Mars to the Sun.

The principle of operation of the device.

Consider the watch arrangement shown in FIG. 4.

As shown, from the minute tribe 17, the kinematic movement is transmitted to the bill wheel 20 through, then through the bill tribe 19 to the hour wheel 18, which makes one revolution in 12 hours. In turn, the clock wheel 18 transmits movement to the daily wheel 21, which makes one revolution per day.

On the axis of the day wheel 21 there is a first gearbox tribe 22, which transmits motion to the first gearbox wheel 23. On the axis of the first gearbox wheel, there is a second gearbox tribe 24, which transmits motion to the second gearbox wheel 25. On the axis of the second gearbox wheel 25, there is a third gearbox tribe 26, which transmits motion to the third gear wheel 27, which makes one revolution in one Martian year, which is approximately 687 Earth days.

A chain of wheels with the following number of teeth can be used as a reducer that converts the rotation of a diurnal wheel (one revolution per day) into rotation in one Martian year:

37/7 × 78/6 × 80/8 = 687.14

On the axis of the third gear wheel 27, the cam of the distance from Mars to the Sun 8, calculated according to the values indicated in Table 1, is installed, which, rotating with the third gear wheel 27, raises the comb 10.

The probe of the comb 11 interacts directly with the surface of the cam of the distance from Mars to the Sun 8, and the comb 10 also has a toothed part 12, which interacts with the wheel 13 of the arrow indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun 7. The arrow indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun 7 shows the value distance from Mars to the Sun on the distance scale 6. In order to press the comb 10 and the probe of the comb 11 to the surface of the cam of the distance from Mars to the Sun 8, a backlash sampling wheel 14 is installed, on which there is a pin 16, which is spring loaded with a backlash sampling spring 15.

Thus, by means of the transmission mechanism disclosed in FIG. 4 on the dial of a clock (for example, shown in Fig. 2) displays the distance from Mars to the Sun at the current time. That is, at any time of the earth's day, the clock displays the distance from Mars to the Sun. At the same time, the spread of time in 24 earth hours, taking into account the time zones of the Earth, in this case can be neglected, since daily changes in distance are insignificant (thousandths of AE) and cannot be taken into account on the analogue clock scale.

The claimed implementation of the device for indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun makes it possible to use the proposed solution not only in stationary clocks (floor, chimney), but also in portable clocks (pocket, wrist, etc.).

In this case, any standard manufactured watch movement can be taken as a basis for such watches. That is, the basic clockwork and the hand system can be practically any of the known and used in watchmaking when performing their usual functions for watches. In addition, the clock mechanism can be made for both 12-hour indication and 24-hour indication. Also, the watch can use the clock mechanism developed by the author and disclosed in the patent document RU 2685764. The specified clock mechanism additionally contains a gearbox consisting of two coaxial gear wheels fixed to each other rigidly or frictionally, and the gearbox provides the transformation of the rotation speed of the switch element in the speed of rotation of the mechanism displaying the mean Martian solar time.

Thus, the claimed invention solves the task set before it and ensures the achievement of the claimed technical result, which consists in creating a time device with a mechanism for indicating the distance from Mars to the Sun. The claimed technical solution allows observing the distance from Mars to the Sun in real time.

Considering the novelty of the totality of essential features, the technical solution to the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the claimed invention, proven in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of the Invention", proved in the section "Implementation and Industrial Implementation of the Invention", the technical feasibility and industrial the applicability of the invention, the solution of the inventive problems posed and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions meets all the requirements of patentability for inventions.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also allow the invention to be implemented in an industrial way.

Claims (10)

1. A time device containing a case, a dial, a clock mechanism, characterized in that it additionally contains a mechanism for indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun, by means of which the distance between Mars and the Sun is displayed at the current time of the Earth's day or Martian day. 2. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun contains a cam of the distance between Mars and the Sun. 3. A time device according to claim 2, characterized in that the clock mechanism is connected to the cam of the equation of time by means of a kinematic connection. 4. A time device according to claim 3, characterized in that the kinematic connection can be carried out by means of a reducer. 5. The time device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indication mechanism includes an indication means that allows displaying the distance between Mars and the Sun. 6. The time device according to claim 5, characterized in that the indicating means includes an arrow indicating the distance between Mars and the Sun and a distance scale with the values of the distance between Mars and the Sun marked on it. 7. A time device according to claim 6, characterized in that the arrow-indicator of the distance between Mars and the Sun can be made movable and move relative to the distance scale. 8. The time device according to claim 6, characterized in that the arrow-indicator of the distance between Mars and the Sun can be made stationary, and a movable distance scale can move relative to it 9. A time device according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between Mars and the Sun can be indicated both in astronomical units and in kilometers. 10. The method of displaying the distance between Mars and the Sun, characterized by the use of a time device according to PP. 1-9.

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