RU2559618C1 - Clock having device for simultaneous display of moon phases visible from earth and earth phases visible from moon, and method for said display - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: clock has a device for simultaneous display of moon and earth phases, which is actuated by a clock mechanism, which is in the form of a Moon/Earth sphere, immovably fixed on its axis which lies in a plane for dividing the Moon/Earth sphere into two models of celestial bodies, on the bearing element of the clock mechanism and a hemisphere, which in turn is configured to rotate about the mounting axis of the Moon/Earth sphere with regular simultaneous display of corresponding moon and earth phases on the Moon/Earth sphere.

EFFECT: design and implementation of an astronomical clock, which is configured to display the true map of the visible part of the moon's surface while simultaneously displaying moon phases visible from the Earth, and earth phases visible from the Moon, which particularly enables to determine the visibility of the Earth from the Moon at the present moment in time, and the topographic map of the visible side of the Moon on the clock enables to detect the so-called transient phenomena on the Moon anywhere, the suddenness and short duration of which make said phenomena hard to detect.

17 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to chronology and can be used in the manufacture of astronomical clocks, configured to simultaneously display the phases of the moon visible from the Earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon.

State of the art

An astronomical clock is a clock that differs from ordinary clocks in increased accuracy (first of all, by compensating for the effects of temperature on the clock), and this clock is designed to indicate the movement of the planets and the moon, tides, mobile holidays, various celestial phenomena, in particular the eclipse of the Sun and the Moon, leap years, etc., through special mechanical devices [1].

Since ancient times, people have tried to create watches that could display the movement of planets and stars. The first known astronomical (planetary) clocks are watches created by astronomer and mechanic Giovanni Dondi (1318-1387). In the years 1348-1364, Dondi created the famous clock, which showed the movement of the Sun, Moon and five planets, contained an eternal calendar and made it possible to determine stellar and average solar time.

The most famous function of astronomical clocks today is the execution of watches equipped with an indicator of the lunar phases.

Indices (indicators) of the lunar phases in watches have been developed since ancient times. Descriptions and watches are known dated to the 14th century, where the function of indicating the phases of the moon was used.

Indication of the lunar phases on the clock, which is the first astronomical function in clockwork, appeared shortly after the advent of mechanical clocks. This clock function is still in demand today, in particular when using lunar calendars.

To this day, there are many known designs and solutions of indicators (indicators) of the lunar phases, however, only a few solutions are suitable for practical use in ordinary mechanical watches.

So, there are known watch devices that are equipped with indicators of the lunar phases (RU 2124749 C1, publication date 01/10/1999; JP 61-139778, publication date 06/27/1986). However, the known indicators of the phases of the moon in the clock, made in the form of windows in the dial of various shapes and disks with printed images of the moon, rotating under the indicated windows, lead to geometric distortion of the moon phases.

There are designs of the voluminous Moon, when the pointer is made in the form of a ball rotating in one lunar month, half painted in light, half in dark colors (for example, patent CH 697674 B1, published January 15, 2009). This design has one significant drawback associated with the fact that the Moon does not rotate relative to the Earth, but is always located on one side towards the observer, therefore such a design does not allow realistically displaying the surface of the Moon and using a real map of the lunar surface.

In addition, there are a number of watch models in which the mechanism for displaying the lunar phases is made in the form of a moving hollow sphere that rotates around a stationary ball - the Moon and displays the change in the lunar phases, as we observe them from the Earth (see, for example, patent documents RU 2426165 C1 published on 08/10/2011 and EP 2687918 A1 published on 01/22/2014).

The disadvantage of all existing watches today is that they are all aimed only at displaying the phases of the moon observed from the Earth. However, such a watch does not provide for the possibility of displaying the phases of the Earth observed from the moon.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating watches specially created for use both on Earth and on the Moon. As you know, the exploration of the moon is one of the priorities for the development of Russian astronautics. According to Deputy Prime Minister Rogozin: “The moon is not an intermediate stage, but an independent and self-sufficient goal. To make 10-20 flights to the Moon, and then, having thrown everything, flying to Mars or asteroids is hardly advisable. This process has a beginning, but no end: we are going to gain a foothold on the moon forever. " Already by 2030, it is planned to land on the moon, as well as the creation of an inhabited station on it, where various scientific experiments will be carried out, polygons for accumulating and transmitting energy over distances, as well as polygons for testing new engines, have been created.

Moreover, today, when observing the moon, an important stage in the study of the elements of the lunar surface is the registration of the so-called "short-term lunar phenomena." Short-term phenomena appear on the Moon sporadically and exist for several (up to 15) minutes. [2]. To date, it has been proven that the Moon is not a "dead world", as has been thought for a long time. According to 1958, volcanic activity on the moon has not yet ceased. For example, when studying the Alphonse crater at the moment when a red spot appeared on it, it was unequivocally established that the temperature of the carbon gas at that moment was 2000 Kelvin. Thus, the observation of “short-term lunar phenomena”, their search and registration are an important and interesting task of observing the moon. Inexplicable today is a change in the color of the lunar surface in some places, the appearance of reddish spots, a change in the clarity of lunar details and even their appearance. There are the most “active” objects where optical phenomena are most often observed, which may be caused by internal processes on the moon. Thus, the implementation of the present invention will allow you to observe the moon and in the case of fixing "short-term lunar phenomena" to record the time, duration and place of manifestation of this phenomenon for the purpose of its further analysis.

Task and technical result

The objective and technical result of the invention consists in the development and practical implementation of the construction of an astronomical clock made with the possibility of displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon. This makes it possible, in particular, to determine what the Earth’s visibility is from the Moon at the moment, and a topographic map of the visible side of the Moon on the clock will make it possible to record the so-called “short-term phenomena” on the Moon, the suddenness and short existence of which make these phenomena elusive .

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the device for the simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases, driven by a clock mechanism, is made in the form of a Moon-Earth ball fixedly mounted on its axis lying in the plane of the Moon Earth on two models of celestial bodies, on the supporting element of the clock mechanism and the hemisphere, which, in turn, is made to rotate around the axis of attachment of the Moon-Earth ball with regular simultaneous indication the corresponding lunar and terrestrial phases on the Moon-Earth ball.

In this case, a topographic map of the visible side of the Moon is plotted on one half of the Moon-Earth ball, and an image of the Earth's surface is plotted on the second half of the Moon-Earth ball.

In this case, the hemisphere is made with the possibility of fixing after each regular partial rotation.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that the watch is configured to simultaneously display the phases of the moon visible from the Earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, contain a case, a clock mechanism and additionally contain a device controlled by the clock mechanism Indications of the lunar and terrestrial phases.

In this case, the supporting element of the clockwork can be both movable and stationary.

In this case, the hemisphere is kinematically connected with the clock mechanism and makes a complete revolution around the Moon-Earth ball in one synodic month or a period close to one synodic month.

In addition, the indication of the phase of the Moon visible from the Earth and the phase of the Earth visible from the Moon is carried out both from the side of the watch dial and from the back of the watch.

Also, the watch additionally contains a button for changing the display mode, mounted in the watch case. When the display mode is switched, the Moon-Earth ball and the hemispheres rotate 180 degrees and the observed celestial body changes on the watch dial. When the display mode change button is pressed, the arrow of the indication mode indicator pointer located on the watch dial moves.

The watch also contains a lunar day wheel, made with the possibility of moving the hemisphere from the clock wheel.

In addition, the watch contains a means of arrow indication of time.

In this case, the clock mechanism can be either mechanical or electromechanical.

At the same time, the device for the simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases can be used both in a portable clock and in a stationary clock.

Also, the device for simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases can be used both with a standard clock mechanism, and with a clock mechanism with additional functions, such as a clock mechanism for a 24-hour dial or a clock mechanism with the ability to display world time.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result when using the invention is achieved by the fact that in the method for simultaneously displaying the moon and earth phases on the clock, the hemisphere is rotated around the axis of attachment of the Moon-Earth ball with regular simultaneous indication of the corresponding moon and earth phases on the Moon-Earth ball, motionlessly fixed on its axis lying in the plane of the separation of the Moon-Earth ball on two models of celestial bodies, on the supporting element of the clock mechanism.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

The figures schematically depict one embodiment of a design of a device for displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while displaying the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, and design options for an astronomical clock configured to display a true map of the visible parts of the lunar surface while indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, on which there are the following elements:

1 - Moon-Earth ball,

2 - hemisphere,

3 - ball shaft,

4 - a small hemisphere sleeve,

5 - a large hemisphere sleeve,

6 - tribes of the hemisphere,

7 - an intermediate wheel,

8 - tribes of the lunar wheel,

9 - moon wheel,

10 - pin

11 - watch wheel,

12 - minute axis,

13 - hour hand,

14 - minute hand,

15 - the spring of the moon wheel,

16 - button to change the display mode,

17 - watch case,

18 - watch dial,

19 - arrow of the indication mode indicator,

20 - crown

21 - platinum mechanism

22 - case ring,

23 - bezel,

24 - top glass,

25 - back cover,

26 - rear window.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the motion of the moon around the earth relative to the sun, and also shows the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon at several positions of the moon.

In FIG. 2 shows an approximate view of the various phases of the moon (indicated age in days).

In FIG. 3 shows a general view of a design variant of a device for displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, which contains: the earth-moon ball 1, hemisphere 2, ball 3 shaft, small sleeve hemispheres 4, large hemisphere sleeve 5, hemisphere tribes 6, intermediate wheel 7, moon wheel tribes 8, moon wheel 9, pin 10, hour wheel 11, minute axis 12, hour hand 13, minute hand 14 and moon wheel spring 15.

In FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a general construction view of a device for displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously displaying the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, which contains: the earth-moon ball 1, hemisphere 2, ball shaft 3, small sleeve hemispheres 4, large hemisphere sleeve 5, hemisphere tribes 6, intermediate wheel 7, moon wheel tribes 8, moon wheel 9, pin 10, hour wheel 11, minute axis 12, hour hand 13 and minute hand 14.

In FIG. 5 shows a general view of the first embodiment of the construction of an astronomical clock containing a display device of a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, which contains: the moon-earth ball 1, hemisphere 2, button change of the display mode 16, the watch case 17, the dial of the watch 18, the arrow of the pointer of the display mode 19 and the crown 20.

In FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of an astronomical clock containing devices for displaying a true map of the visible portion of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, which contains: the moon-earth ball 1, hemisphere 2, the mechanism platinum 21, the case ring 22, the bezel 23, the upper glass 24, the back cover 25 and the rear glass 26.

The implementation of the invention

Ф [2]. При этом в новолуние Фл=0,0, в первую и последнюю четверти Фл=0,5, в полнолуние Фл=1,0. Для оценки возраста Луны обычно используют рисунок, приведенный на фиг.2, на котором указано положение терминатора (линии, разделяющей светлую и темную части диска Луны) с интервалом в одни сутки. При этом отсчет начинается с неомении - первого появления узкого серпа Луны после новолуния. Весь промежуток времени S, отображенный на фигуре 2, называется синодическим месяцем, то есть это период обращения Луны вокруг Земли и он равен 29,530588 солнечных суток или 29^d12^h44^m2,8^s.For an objective and clear assessment of the essence of the claimed invention, it is necessary to make the following explanations. In astronomy, the phase of the moon (Fl) is a quantity measured by a number: it is equal to the ratio of the largest width of the illuminated part b of the lunar disk to its diameter d, i.e. $$Fl=\frac{b}{d}$$

Ф [2]. Moreover, at the new moon, Fl = 0.0, in the first and last quarter of Fl = 0.5, at the full moon, Fl = 1.0. To assess the age of the moon, the figure shown in figure 2 is usually used, which shows the position of the terminator (the line separating the light and dark parts of the moon’s disk) with an interval of one day. In this case, the countdown begins with neo-mania - the first appearance of a narrow crescent moon after a new moon. The entire time period S, shown in figure 2, is called the synodic month, that is, this is the period of the moon's revolution around the Earth and it is 29.530588 sunny days or 29 ^d 12 ^h 44 ^m 2.8 ^s .

The phase of the Earth (Фз), in turn, is equal to the ratio of the largest width of the illuminated part of the Earth's disk visible from the Moon to its diameter. Moreover, in connection with the rotation of the Moon around the Earth and the illumination of only that side of the Earth that faces the Sun while on the Moon, we will observe the phases of the Earth Фз, opposite to the phases of the Moon Фл. That is, at the new moon, when Фл = 0,0, Фз = 1,0, and at the full moon, when Фл = 1,0, Фз = 0,0.

Based on the foregoing, a watch design was developed with a topographic map display device for the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon. At the same time, a mechanical device that allows you to display the true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon is described in one embodiment.

A characteristic feature of the claimed device is the Moon-Earth ball 1, containing on one half a topographic map of the surface of the visible side of the Moon, on the other - an image of the Earth’s surface, fixedly mounted on its axis lying in the plane of the Moon-Earth ball’s interface on two celestial bodies, on the bearing element of the clock mechanism and hemisphere 2 is the part of the Moon and the Earth that is not illuminated by the Sun, rotatable around the axis of attachment of the Moon-Earth ball 1 with regular simultaneous indication of the corresponding moons s and terrestrial phases on a motionless ball the Earth-Moon. Hemisphere 2 is painted black.

As the supporting element for securing the Moon-Earth ball 1, both movable and fixed elements of the clock mechanism can act.

The kinematic chain provides hemisphere movement with the necessary frequency, namely, one revolution of 29.5 days (the duration of the synodic month). The clock wheel 11 makes one revolution in 12 hours, it is pressed into it by a pin 10 and interacts with the moon day wheel 9, which has 59 teeth in this embodiment. Thus, once every 12 hours, the clock wheel 11 rotates the wheel of the lunar days 9 on one tooth. The spring wheel of the lunar days 15 fixes the wheel of the lunar days 9 in each position for half a day. The wheel of lunar days 9 is pressed onto the tribes of the lunar days 8. The tribe of the lunar days 8 transfers rotation through the intermediate wheel 7 to the tribe of the hemisphere 6. The tribe of the lunar days 8 and the tribes of hemisphere 6 have the same number of teeth. The number of teeth of the intermediate wheel can vary and is selected taking into account the convenience of the layout of the device. The hemisphere tribe 6 is pressed onto the large hemisphere sleeve 5. The hemisphere 2 is pressed onto the small hemisphere sleeve 4 and the large hemisphere sleeve 5. The small hemisphere sleeve 4 and the large hemisphere sleeve 5 are freely mounted on the ball shaft 3. The Moon-Earth ball is pressed onto the ball shaft 3 that remains motionless. Thus, the moment through the tribe of the hemisphere 6 is transmitted to the hemisphere 3, and the hemisphere 3 rotates around the Moon-Earth ball.

The period of revolution of the moon around the earth is 29.530588 sunny days. In this embodiment of the device, the circulation period is 29.5 days. This error with such a small volume of the model is insignificant, elusive to the human eye. However, if necessary, by selecting the number of teeth of the wheels and the tribes, as well as the introduction of additional pairs of wheel-tribes, it is possible to obtain the necessary gear ratio corresponding to 29.530588 days.

The design of astronomical clocks made with the possibility of displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon can be performed using both sides of the clock (Fig. 4), and with the ability to switch modes (Fig. 5).

The design of astronomical clocks made with the possibility of displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon using both sides of the clock allows you to use the back side for observation.

In the design variant of the astronomical clock, made with the possibility of displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously displaying the phases of the moon visible from the Earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, with the ability to switch modes when you press the button to change the display mode 16, mounted in the case 17 hours, the Moon-Earth 1 ball and hemisphere 2 rotate 180 degrees, that is, the observed celestial body changes on the clock face 18. At the same time, the arrow of the indicator of the display mode 19 moves married on the dial 18.

Thus, the required technical result is achieved, namely, the implementation of the construction of an astronomical clock made with the possibility of displaying a true map of the visible part of the lunar surface while simultaneously indicating the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon. This makes it possible, in particular, to determine what the Earth’s visibility is from the Moon at the moment, and a topographic map of the visible side of the Moon on the clock will make it possible to record the so-called “short-term phenomena” on the Moon, the suddenness and short existence of which make these phenomena elusive .

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also make it possible to realize the invention in an industrial way.

Literature

1. V.N. Pipunyrov. The history of watches from ancient times to the present day. Moscow: Nauka Publishing House, 1982, pp. 147-170.

2. I.A. Klimishin. Elementary astronomy. Moscow: publishing house "Science", Fizmatlit, 1991, p. 219-221, 353-366.

Claims (17)

1. The device for the simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases, driven by a clock mechanism, is made in the form of a Moon-Earth ball, fixedly mounted on its axis lying in the plane of the Moon-Earth ball on two models of celestial bodies, on a bearing element of the clock mechanism and hemispheres, which, in turn, is made to rotate around the axis of attachment of the Moon-Earth ball with regular simultaneous indication of the corresponding lunar and terrestrial phases on the Moon-Earth ball. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on a half of the Moon-Earth ball a topographic map of the visible side of the Moon is plotted. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on half of the Moon-Earth ball the image of the Earth's surface is applied. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the hemisphere is made with the possibility of fixing after each regular partial rotation. 5. A clock made with the possibility of simultaneous indication of the phases of the moon visible from the earth and the phases of the earth visible from the moon, comprising a case and a clock mechanism, characterized in that they further comprise a device controlled by a clock mechanism according to any one of claims. 1-4. 6. Clocks according to claim 5, characterized in that the supporting element of the clock mechanism can be both movable and motionless. 7. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that the hemisphere is kinematically connected with the clock mechanism and makes a complete revolution around the Moon-Earth ball in one synodic month or a period close to one synodic month. 8. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that the indication of the phase of the moon visible from the earth and the phase of the earth visible from the moon is carried out both from the side of the watch dial and from the back of the watch. 9. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a display mode change button mounted in the watch case. 10. The watch according to claim 9, characterized in that when the display mode is switched, the Moon-Earth ball and hemispheres are rotated 180 degrees and the observed celestial body is changed on the watch dial. 11. The watch according to claim 9, characterized in that when the display mode change button is pressed, the arrow of the display mode indicator pointer located on the watch dial moves. 12. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that it contains a lunar day wheel, configured to move the hemisphere from the clock wheel. 13. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises means for indicating the time. 14. Clocks according to claim 5, characterized in that the clockwork can be either mechanical or electromechanical. 15. Clocks according to claim 5, characterized in that the device for the simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases can be used both in a portable clock and in a stationary clock. 16. The watch according to claim 5, characterized in that the device for the simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases can be used with either a standard clockwork or a clockwork with additional functions, such as a clockwork for a 24-hour dial or a clockwork with the possibility display world time. 17. A method for simultaneous indication of the lunar and terrestrial phases on a clock, in which the hemisphere is rotated around the axis of attachment of the Moon-Earth ball with regular simultaneous indication of the corresponding moon and terrestrial phases on the Moon-Earth ball, fixedly fixed on its axis lying in the plane of the ball’s interface Moon-Earth on two models of celestial bodies, on the supporting element of the clockwork.

Images