RU2734217C1 - Mechanism for adjusting position of pressure rollers relative to press-shape of press-pelletizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building and can be used in pelletizing presses having two pressure rollers for press-through of the material through the mould oppositely mounted on eccentric axles on the fixed shaft. Roller position control mechanism comprises reduction gear with housing and two extending spindles, which act on rollers by means of rotary levers. Each rotary lever is connected with eccentric axis for its rotation depending on spindle position. There is holder of pressure rollers rigidly connected with fixed shaft and having holes. One end of the eccentric axles is connected to the fixed shaft and the other end is installed in the holder hole. Housing of the reduction gear is rigidly fixed on the holder. Each spindle is connected to the pivoted lever by means of a two-axis hinge. Free end of the spindle is connected to one axis of the hinge, and a rotary lever is connected to the other axis with possibility of rotation around it, which is rigidly connected to the end of the eccentric axis of the corresponding roller.

EFFECT: higher reliability of adjustment mechanism.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to granulation devices, and can be used in chemical, construction, agricultural, food and other industries.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2375188 for the invention, a pellet press is known, containing a housing mounted on the base and a perforated cylindrical matrix placed in it, mounted with the possibility of rotation on the main shaft fixed along the axis of the matrix, and two pressing rollers mounted with the possibility of rotation on eccentric axes inside the matrix and having a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the matrix and the rollers, including a plate rigidly fixed to the main shaft and a pair of levers movably mounted on the eccentric axes of the pressing rollers, and at least one drive for rotation of the main shaft, located parallel to the main shaft and connected to it by two-stage transmission with belts, with each rotation drive installed on the base behind the main shaft and connected to it through an intermediate shaft located above the main shaft by means of multi-ribbed belts, and the mechanism for adjusting the gap between the matrix and the rollers is made with two-shoulder and one-shoulder levers, which which are connected with one arm by means of a thrust with multidirectional threads and two threaded lugs, and the second arm of the two-armed lever is connected to a fixed axis mounted on the plate from the side of the single-arm lever using two rods with multidirectional threads and a threaded bushing.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2464171 for the invention, a pellet press is known containing a body, a perforated cylindrical matrix and two pressing rollers, at least one mechanism for cutting granules, configured to adjust the gap between the matrix and the knife of the cutting mechanism, including a knife installed in the pelletizing chamber connected with the mechanism for regulating the gap between the matrix and the knife and equipped with a mechanism for fixing the gap, and the drive, while the knife of the granule cutting mechanism placed in the granulation chamber is mounted on a rod fixed to a shaft mounted on the body, the second end of which is located inside the body and connected to a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the matrix and the knife, made in the form of a reducer mounted on the second end of the shaft and connected by means of rods with a handle for adjusting the gap, mounted on the side of the housing, and equipped with an indicator of the position of the knife.

The disadvantages of known solutions - analogs are their complexity and significant overall dimensions.

From WO2007051325, a pellet press is known in which two pressure rollers are provided, which can be moved along the inner surface of the mold and back relative to it by adjusting the roller. The adjusting roller has a rotating sleeve in a housing (slewing bearing), which is driven by spindles rotating internally in opposite directions, the other ends of which are pivotally connected to a roller bearing. The pinch rollers are adjusted from the housing, which is located in the center of the roller adjustment. The sleeve, which is mounted in the housing, is driven by internal spindles through a rotating ring gear. The eccentric pressure roller levers are driven by spindles to determine the position of the pressure rollers.

The disadvantage of the solution according to the international application No. WO2007051325 is the laboriousness of manufacturing the support structure for organizing the rotation of the housing (rotary bearing) and the possible occurrence of distortions during the operation of this system caused by the displacement of the straight line connecting the centers of the hinges in the swing arms of the rollers from the center of rotation. The displacement of a straight line from the center of rotation of the case causes parasitic forces inside the mechanism, which create conditions for the occurrence of backlash in the hinges and the possibility of jamming the case during its rotation, reducing the overall reliability of the entire system.

The invention according to international application No. WO2007051325 is selected as the closest analogue (prototype).

The technical problem solved by the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of the mechanism and increase the reliability of its operation by eliminating distortions during the operation of the mechanism.

The technical result achieved by the invention is to increase the reliability of the mechanism of the pellet press, to simplify the design.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that the mechanism for adjusting the position of the pressure rollers relative to the mold of the pelletizer press, which has two pressure rollers intended for pushing the material through the mold and opposed to rotate on eccentric axes on a fixed shaft, containing a gearbox with a housing and two retractable spindles made with the possibility of longitudinal movement in opposite directions and acting by means of associated pivot levers on the pressure rollers, with each pivot lever associated with the eccentric axis of the corresponding pressure roller to ensure its rotation depending on the position of the retractable spindle, according to the invention equipped with a pressure roller holder rigidly connected to the stationary shaft and made with holes, the eccentric axes are connected at one end with the stationary shaft, and at the other end are installed in the corresponding hole of the roller holder, the gearbox housing is rigidly fixed on the said roller holder, and each gearbox spindle is connected to the corresponding pivot arm by means of a biaxial hinge, with one axis of which the free end of the spindle facing outward from the gearbox housing is connected to rotate around it, and is connected to the other axis for rotation around it, a pivot arm, which is rigidly connected to the end of the eccentric axis of the corresponding pressure roller, installed in the hole of the pressure roller holder.

The nip roller holder can be rigidly connected to the stationary shaft by means of struts.

The mechanism can be equipped with a motor fixed on a stationary shaft and connected to a gearbox, and the pressure roller holder is made in the form of a plate mounted parallel to the end surface of the stationary shaft, on which the engine is fixed.

In well-known granulator presses (according to patent No. 2375188, according to international application No. WO2007051325 and other well-known presses), as well as in the design of a granulator press, in which the proposed mechanism is supposed to be used, the design provides for the presence of a matrix (mold) and two pressing (pressure) roller. The gap between the pressing (pinch) rollers and the die is regulated by an adjusting mechanism (this is the mechanism proposed in the present invention).

The initial raw material in the amount required to obtain the final product is fed through the loading nozzle into the rotating die (mold). The material is pulled between the matrix and pressing (pressure) rollers each rotating on its own axis. Rotating, the pressure rollers roll over the material and press it on the inner surface of the die. Then the extrusion of the pressed material takes place through the perforation of the matrix. At the exit from the matrix, the granules are cut with knives. Adjustment of the gap between the matrix and the pressure rollers, both in the claimed mechanism and in the closest analogue, is performed by changing the length of the retractable rods (spindles) of the gearbox. Initially, before starting work with the maximally extended position of the rods (spindles), the maximum possible gap is set, then, by means of the proposed mechanism, changes in the working gap during the operation of the pellet press are regulated.

At the same time, for the normal operation of the mechanism for adjusting the pressure rollers in the construction of the closest analogue, it is necessary that the straight line connecting the centers of the hinges in the swivel arms of the rollers always intersects the center of rotation of the housing (since the gearbox housing of the closest analogue is rotating), which during operation in real conditions are often not achievable for reasons of working wear and uneven relative placement of the elements of the mechanism.

In the inventive mechanism of the pellet press, as well as in the closest analogue, there are two pressure rollers, which are installed with the possibility of their movement along the inner surface of the mold (matrix) and back relative to it by means of a device for adjusting the position of the pressure rollers. Such a device for regulating the position of the pressure rollers in the claimed invention is a gearbox.

Both in the closest analogue and in the claimed mechanism, the pressure rollers are oriented in opposite directions, arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry and connected with pivoting levers that control the position of the pressure rollers.

The gearbox of the proposed mechanism, as well as in the closest analogue, contains two oppositely directed rotating spindles. The gearbox is connected to the drive shaft, which controls the operation, the gearbox position. The spindles are essentially retractable gear rods, the position of which is determined by the operation (position) of the gear. The spindles, on the one hand (as well as in the closest analogue), are connected to the gearbox, and on the other hand, each spindle is connected along one axis to the corresponding biaxial hinge, which, in turn, is connected to the pivot arm through the other axis. Each pivot arm is associated with a corresponding pinch roller. At the initial position of the gearbox, the spindles are in the maximally extended position from the gearbox housing, while the gap between the inner surface of the matrix and the pressure roller will be maximum. Under the influence of the control shaft, the spindles are drawn into the gearbox housing, taking the maximum retracted position, in which the pressure roller will be pressed against the inner surface of the corresponding mold (matrix), providing a minimum clearance.

The pressure rollers are mounted and fixed for rotation around their axis on the roller holder, which is, for example, a plate on which the gearbox housing is rigidly fixed.

Thus, the proposed solution differs from the closest analogue primarily in that the impact on the pressure rollers occurs when the gearbox housing is stationary due to the change in the relative position of the spindles and pivot levers by means of a biaxial hinge, with one axis of which the corresponding spindle is connected, and with the other - the corresponding swing arm.

The rigid attachment of the gear housing to the roller carrier eliminates the need to support the housing rotation. The rollers with pivot arms are supported by a roller holder. In this case, the roller holder, made in the form of a plate mounted parallel to the end surface of the stationary shaft, located opposite the side of the stationary shaft on which the drive is located, does not entail an increase in the overall dimensions of the mechanism and does not complicate its design.

The use of a biaxial hinge on each spindle connecting the spindle and the swivel arm of the roller with rigid fastening of the gear housing relative to the holder of the pressure rollers eliminates the possibility of parasitic forces when the roller arms are rotated.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - shows a general view of the main shaft of a pellet press with the inventive mechanism.

FIG. 2 - shows a section of the main shaft of a pellet press with the inventive mechanism.

FIG. 3 - shows a front view of the inventive mechanism with fully retracted spindles.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the inventive mechanism with spindles fully extended.

FIG. 5 - shows the pressure rollers and their fastening elements.

FIG. 6 shows a gearbox connected to a pivot arm by means of a biaxial hinge.

List of positions on the figures:

1 - stationary shaft;

2 - the holder of the pressure rollers;

3 - reducer;

4 - pressure rollers;

5 - rotor;

6 - mold (matrix);

7 - racks;

8 - engine;

9 - magnetic clutch;

10 - drive shaft;

11 - sensor;

12 - adapter shaft

13 - screws;

14 - rotary levers;

15 - biaxial hinge;

16 - adjustable bolt;

17 - retractable spindles (rods) of the gearbox;

18 - eccentric axis.

The inventive mechanism for adjusting the press-granulator is designed to adjust the position of the pressure rollers 4 in relation to the mold 6 during the operation of the press-granulator.

The inventive mechanism for adjusting the pellet press contains a fixed shaft 1, one end of which is rigidly connected through the racks 7 to the holder 2 of the pressure rollers 4. Shaft 1 in the claimed mechanism acts as a support, a supporting structure on which other structural elements of the pellet press are attached, including number of the proposed mechanism. On the other hand, a motor 8 and a magnetic coupling 9 are placed on the shaft 1 and fixed relative to it, connected to a drive shaft 10 mounted on sliding bearings and passing inside the shaft 1 along it. Motor 1, magnetic clutch 9 and shaft 10 represent the drive of the proposed mechanism. The drive shaft 10 through the adapter shaft 12 is connected to the gearbox 3, causing the movement of two extending spindles (rods) 17 of the gearbox 3. The gearbox housing 3 is rigidly fixed to the holder 2 of the pressure rollers 4. Each retractable rotating spindle (rod) 17 of the gearbox 3 is connected to the first axis the corresponding biaxial hinge 15 with the ability to rotate around it. A corresponding pivot arm 14 is connected to the second axis of the biaxial hinge 15 for rotation around it. The pressure rollers 4 are mounted for rotation on the stationary shaft 1. Each roller 4 is placed through rolling bearings on the eccentric axis 18, which is mounted at one end in the stationary shaft 1, and the other in the hole of the holder 2 of the rollers 4. The shaft 1 and the holder 2 of the rollers are interconnected by racks 7 and are stationary in relation to each other. At one end of the roller axle 18, a pivot arm 14 is fixed, upon the action of which the axle 18 rotates and the roller 4 is displaced relative to the matrix surface - this forms the necessary gap. The holder 2 of the rollers 4 is made in the form of a plate installed parallel to the end surface of the stationary shaft 1, located opposite the side of the stationary shaft 1 on which the engine 8 is located.

The drive for turning the rollers 4 is carried out by the rotation of the motor shaft 8 through the magnetic coupling 9, the drive shaft 10 and the adapter shaft 12 to the gearbox 3. When the gearbox 3 is operating, the rods 17 are extended or retracted into the gearbox housing 3. The required amount of movement of the rods 17 is determined by the control system using counting the number of revolutions of the drive shaft 10. The linear movement of the rods 17 is converted into a circular motion of the rollers 4 around their axes, thereby bringing the surface of the roller 4 closer or further away from the surface of the matrix (not shown in the drawings). To control the number of revolutions of the gearbox, and, consequently, to control the distance between the roller 4 and the matrix 6, a sensor 11 is used in the design. Around the stationary shaft 1 and rollers 4, the rotor 5 rotates with the mold 6 fixed on it.

The general principle of operation of the pellet press is carried out similarly to the operation of the pellet press described in the invention by RF patent No. 2375188.

The operation of the proposed mechanism for adjusting the pressure rollers of the pellet press is as follows.

As a result of the action of the drive mechanism, the shaft 10 is rotated and the resulting rotation of the adapter shaft 12 and the gearbox shaft 3. As a result, the spindles 17 are extended and the levers associated with them are rotated 14. When the gearbox rods are retracted, all the axes of rotation of the biaxial hinges are in line, when the rods are extended, the levers 14 are rotated and the axes of the biaxial hinges are displaced by size A. To mechanically limit the extension of the rods, a persistent adjustable bolt 16 is provided.

Claims (3)

1. A mechanism for adjusting the position of the pressure rollers relative to the mold of a pellet press, which has two pressure rollers designed to push the material through the mold and opposed to rotate on eccentric axes on a stationary shaft, containing a gearbox with a housing and two retractable spindles, made with the possibility of longitudinal movement in opposite directions and action by means of associated pivot levers on the pressure rollers, while each pivot lever is connected to the eccentric axis of the corresponding pressure roller to ensure its rotation depending on the position of the retractable spindle, characterized in that it is equipped with a holder pinch rollers rigidly connected to the stationary shaft and made with holes, the eccentric axes are connected at one end to the stationary shaft, and at the other end are installed in the corresponding hole of the roller holder, the gearbox housing is rigidly fixed to the said holder of rollers, and each spindle of the gearbox is connected to the corresponding pivot lever by means of a biaxial hinge, with one axis of which the free end of the spindle facing outward from the gearbox housing is connected with the possibility of rotation around it, and with the other axis is connected with the possibility of rotation around it a pivot lever, which is rigidly connected to the end of the eccentric axis of the corresponding pinch roller installed in the hole of the pinch roller holder. 2. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the nip roller holder is rigidly connected to the stationary shaft by means of struts. 3. The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a motor fixed on the stationary shaft and connected to the gearbox, and the pressure roller holder is made in the form of a plate installed parallel to the end surface of the stationary shaft, located opposite the side of the stationary shaft on which engine.

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