RU2734036C1 - Fortification structure for missile launchers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: fortification structure for missile launchers comprises inserts made of prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks of curvilinear outline with U-shaped cross section, and steel support plates in form of composite ring bolted to reinforced concrete structure from below and from above. Blocks are connected to each other in horizontal and vertical planes through sealing gaskets by means of coupling bolts. Blocks externally covered and protected by waterproof mastic insulating wall of granulated foamed glass, and the inside – a layer of polymeric foam density of 50 kg/m³ with low thermal conductivity in a moisture-proof solid shell.

EFFECT: improved tactical and technical characteristics of a fortification structure, its survivability, combat readiness and combat readiness, counteracting technical means of reconnaissance and guidance systems of enemy precision weapons, improved conditions of self-defense against attack of subversive-terrorist groups.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of military affairs, and more specifically to buried protective silo-type fortifications for launching missiles from transport and launch containers, erected in permafrost, in the Arctic or the Far North, with the advance preparation of theaters of operations in order to ensure the containment of aggressive aspirations the enemy with the possibility of a guaranteed retaliatory nuclear defeat, in view of the special military-strategic importance of the Arctic part of Russia, the growth of the global geopolitical claims of the leading states of the world and the need to build up the Russian army's defensive potential of the country.

Known mobile ground missile system, including "Self-propelled launcher for transporting and launching missiles from transport and launch containers using powder pressure accumulators", - an analogue (Patent No. 2239764 RU, application No. 2003122974 from 21.07.2003, MPK-8 F41F 3/04, published on November 10, 2004), consisting of a transport wheeled chassis with a fixed frame and an articulated boom with a lifting mechanism, a movable frame with the possibility of longitudinal movement along the boom, with a block of transport and launch containers and two-rod hydraulic cylinders attached to it double-acting with drive mechanisms.

The disadvantages of such a device are:

- high unmasking signs due to the specific appearance and architecture of the structure, the hiding of which in an open snow-covered area from modern aerospace reconnaissance means and high-precision weapons in the Arctic or the Far North is not possible due to the lack of effective technical means of camouflage, and, as a consequence, it can allow the enemy with a sufficient degree of probability to determine the location of the starting positions for inflicting fire strikes on them;

- vulnerability from automated reconnaissance and strike complexes of high-precision weapons, as well as from various types of unmanned reconnaissance and strike aircraft or loitering ammunition due to the importance and priority of the target for destruction;

- low cross-country ability in the harsh conditions of the Arctic zone in the absence of roads, as well as due to high weight and size parameters;

- the complexity of using this device in a critically low outside temperature, high wind speeds and large snow drifts, which complicate the combat work of the crew;

- significant operating costs in the Arctic, low motor resource and low durability.

It is also known an analogue device "Launch silos for missiles" (Patent No. 2674542 RU, MPK-8 F41F 3/07, patentee of JSC "Design Bureau for Special Engineering", authors: Lyamin K.A. and Dolbenov V.G.), containing a mine a structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete, a metal structure of the upper part with a split-mounted protective roof, as well as a system of horizontal and vertical depreciation.

The main disadvantages of this device are the high complexity and laboriousness of erecting a monolithic reinforced concrete structure of a mine structure under conditions of critically low outside temperatures in the Arctic zone, high wind speeds and large snow drifts.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is the "Mine structure of the launcher", - prototype (Patent No. 2253081 RU, MPK-8 F41F 3/073, patent holder "The Military Academy of the Strategic Missile Forces named after Peter the Great", authors: Kirillov N P., Chernykh A.A., etc.), containing a protective device and a metal shaft of a toroidal shaft, made of a collapsible structure of several identical liners and a base of the barrel, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of any liner.

The disadvantages of this technical solution are the complexity of the operation of such a structure in the Arctic and the Far North, in permafrost soils, due to the high laboriousness of performing work to protect the structure from corrosion, condensate, high heat loss, significant operating costs and limited durability.

The objectives of the proposed technical solution are to increase the tactical and technical characteristics of the fortification, its survivability, combat effectiveness and combat readiness, as well as to reduce the labor intensity of construction, operating costs and the total cost of the product due to the use of high-strength prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks of curved shape and steel base plates in the form of a compound ring, connected tie bolts, protected by effective heat-insulating material, with the provision of a complex of camouflage measures to hide the actual location of the object during the construction and operation period in order to counteract the technical means of reconnaissance and guidance systems of high-precision weapons of the enemy, improve the conditions of self-defense against attacks by sabotage and terrorist groups.

The solution to the tasks is achieved by the fact that the proposed fortification for rocket launchers is made of prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks of curvilinear shape with a U-shaped cross-section, interconnected in horizontal and vertical planes through sealing gaskets with tightening bolts, and steel base plates, in the form a composite ring bolted to the reinforced concrete structure from the bottom and from the top, respectively, for equipping the base and a protective device, while the blocks are covered with waterproofing mastic on the outside and protected by a heat-insulating wall made of granular foam glass, and from the inside with a layer of polymer foam with a density of up to 50 kg / m ³ s low thermal conductivity, in a durable waterproof shell.

The essence of the proposed technical device is illustrated by drawings, which show: Fig. 1, 2 - shows, respectively, longitudinal and cross sections of the structure of a fortification with an installed transport and launch container, erected in the Arctic zone, in the permafrost; in fig. 3 - shows a general view of an element of a prefabricated reinforced concrete block of curvilinear shape with a U-shaped cross section; fig. 4 shows a general view of a steel base plate for the formation of a shaft of a toroidal shaft, safe development of frozen soil and equipment of a head with a detachably installed protective roof; in fig. 5 - shows the construction of a fortification in permafrost, by lowering a reinforced concrete structure, under its own weight, due to the development and excavation of soil from below at its base; in fig. 6 - shows a fragment of a protective wall of a fortification with bolted connection of reinforced concrete elements to each other, waterproofing, external and internal thermal insulation.

A fortification for rocket launchers (Figs. 1-6), containing a protective device 1, a shaft shaft 2 of a toroidal shape of several identical liners and a base 3, differs in that the liners are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks 4 of curvilinear shape with P- shaped cross-section, interconnected in horizontal and vertical planes through sealing gaskets 5 with tie bolts 6 and steel base plates 7, in the form of a compound ring bolted to the reinforced concrete structure from the bottom and from the top, respectively, for equipment of the base and a protective device, while blocks 4 are covered on the outside with waterproofing mastic 8 and protected by a heat-insulating wall 9 made of granular foam glass, and from the inside with a layer of polymer foam 10 with a density of up to 50 kg / m ³ with low thermal conductivity, in a strong moisture-proof shell.

The proposed structure of the fortification (Fig. 1-3), made of separate high-strength prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks 4 of curvilinear shape with a U-shaped cross-section, has increased tactical and technical characteristics, can be used to launch missiles from transport and launch containers 11 installed on support shock-absorbing cushion 12, with shock-absorbing horizontal braces 13, attached to the tie bolts 6 by means of embedded parts.

Before the construction of the facility, according to the established procedure, survey work should be carried out to carefully select the landing site for a structure with protective and camouflaging properties, with accessible access roads, without pronounced landmarks, as well as with layers of permafrost soils that are homogeneous in structural composition, resistant to mutual shear, and free of inclusions from ice lenses.

To hide the location of the fortification and create favorable conditions for its erection from above, such an object is temporarily covered with a removable technological shelter (light hangar of a frame-fabric structure), which provides masking of the nature of the construction and installation work, as well as protection from the effects of icy wind, snow drifts and low outdoor temperature.

The design of the fortification for rocket launchers provides the possibility of its erection in the most economical, convenient and fast way, acceptable for the conditions of the Arctic and the Far North, by the method of successive lowering, under its own weight, of a section of the reinforced concrete structure of the structure's frame (Fig. 5), assembled on the surface of the earth in compliance with all technological requirements. The lowering of the reinforced concrete structure of the structure is carried out as the development (loosening) of the frozen soil from below and its rise to the surface.

For this, a flat platform is prepared at the construction site, on which the lower steel base plate 7 (Fig. 4) of an annular structure is assembled, consisting of three component elements connected by electric welding. At the same time, reinforced concrete blocks 4 are assembled by means of tie bolts 6 (Fig. 3), to which a steel base plate 7 is attached from below using bolts 6 (Fig. 5). Blocks 4 and steel base plate 7 are interconnected through sealing gaskets 5. After assembling two or three reinforced concrete rings of the structure frame, the development of frozen soil at its base is carried out (Fig. 5).

The development of frozen soil is carried out according to a proven (known) technology by a specialized organization with trained personnel and appropriate technical equipment. The development of the soil is carried out, as a rule, in sections (bushes) approximately to the height of one block of the structure. One of the most common methods of developing frozen soils is drilling and blasting, which includes making holes with 14 special drills (drills), filling holes 1 / 3-1 / 4 of their height with a powder explosive 15, installing electric detonators and driving with sandy soil (Fig. 5) ... Explosions ("micro-explosions") are carried out under the load plate 16 to ensure the safety of work and to avoid damage to the wall blocks. The power of the "microexplosions" is spent entirely on loosening the frozen soil, which subsequently rises to the surface to fill the gabions 17 used in the formation of the head of the structure and the equipment of its protective device 1 (Fig. 1). For safety reasons, excavation is carried out after the internal volume of the structure has been ventilated using forced supply and exhaust ventilation. To lower the reinforced concrete structure under its own weight, after the complete excavation of the loose soil under the base steel plate 7, 3-4 small soil prisms 18 are left, when destroyed, the structure is lowered onto a new soil foundation with the help of jackhammers. Prevention of skewing of the longitudinal axis of the structure frame when it is lowered to the calculated design level is ensured by installing four guide skis 19 (Figs. 1, 2, 5) on the pit surface, which limit the lateral displacement of the reinforced concrete structure. After assembling the entire part of the reinforced concrete structure, the last lowering of the structure is performed on four concrete prisms, equal in height to the thickness of the reinforced concrete base 3 and the thickness of the layer of the lower thermal insulation material. At this time, the space between the frozen ground and the outer side surface of the structure is filled with insulation made of granular foam glass, which creates a protective heat-insulating wall 9 (Fig. 6), and damaged areas of the polymer foam layer 10 are restored from the inner side of blocks 4. When the base 3 is manufactured directly on site from monolithic concrete in its reinforcement, a grid of pipes is provided for heating concrete for the period of strength gain, due to the forced supply of air heated by gas burners into them. Then, on the upper blocks 4 of the fortification, a steel base plate 7 is fixed with tightening bolts 6 for mounting the cap and protective device 1.

After the completion of the construction of the fortification, a complex of camouflage measures is taken to hide the actual location of the object by restoring the natural background of the surrounding area, providing an increase in radio-scattering and heat-scattering properties, to counteract the technical means of reconnaissance and guidance systems of high-precision weapons of the enemy, which significantly increases the size of the zone of uncertainty of the coordinates of the fortification and leads to a significant increase in the probable radius of safe destruction of the object.

The advantages of the proposed design of the fortification for the protection of missile systems in comparison with the known technical solutions are:

- the safety and comfort of the crew for maintenance or reloading, as well as preparation for the combat launch of missiles in extremely harsh climatic conditions;

- ease of use, minimal costs for maintenance or repair of equipment;

- the possibility of erecting a fortification of a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure in the Arctic or the Far North;

- high protective and masking properties of fortifications of the proposed design;

- maximum concealment of the missile system located in silo-type fortifications, almost flush with the completely open and snow-covered surface of the Arctic zone;

- the difficulty of detecting and inflicting defeat on a missile system by enemy reconnaissance and sabotage and terrorist groups.

The readiness of the proposed technical device for manufacture and use for its intended purpose is confirmed by the availability of drawings of technical solutions and the necessary experience of domestic industrial enterprises in the production of similar samples of products widely used in special capital construction, as well as proven technology by specialized organizations for the development of frozen soils during the construction of fortifications for missile launchers that provide missile launches using transport and launch containers.

Theoretical studies and performed calculations show that the proposed device, according to the main criterion for evaluating "application efficiency - cost and feasibility", has indicators about 1.5-2 times higher compared to existing analogues.

Claims (1)

A fortification for missile launchers, containing a protective device, a toroidal shaft shaft of several identical liners and a base, characterized in that the liners are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks of curved shape with a U-shaped cross-section, interconnected in horizontal and vertical planes through sealing gaskets with tightening bolts, and steel base plates in the form of a compound ring bolted to the reinforced concrete structure from the bottom and from the top, respectively, for the equipment of the base and the protective device, while the blocks are covered with waterproofing mastic on the outside and protected by a thermal insulation wall made of granular foam glass, and from the inside - a layer of polymeric foam with a density of up to 50 kg / m ³ with low thermal conductivity, in a durable moisture-proof casing.

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