RU2638047C1 - Resource-saving method for removal of mine-type structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: annular elongated shaped charge of blasting explosive is installed in the bottom part of the shaft on the metal cup cylindrical wall and exploded. A compact explosive charge is then placed on the bottom of the mine, one and/or more means for initiation for explosive transformation of compact charge are connected and filled with ground. The roof of the protective structure is closed, and the compact charge is initiated. A high-explosive condensed individual or mixed explosive, or a solid rocket or special fuel, or powder or pyrotechnic composition is used as explosive material of compact charge.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to extract practically all construction from earth on day surface, reduce the level of seismic and air action of explosion on the environment.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting for special purposes, namely, the technique of such work during dismantling, followed by cutting into scrap of engineering structures of a buried type; in particular - silo launchers (silos) and silo-type command posts (KPShT) / the term “unified command post — UCP” is often found in specialized literature / during the liquidation or modernization of missile systems.

Modern technology for the disposal of weapons and military equipment (B and BT) usually includes two stages: at the first stage, partial or complete dismantling of weapons, special equipment, assemblies and devices is carried out, at the second, the sample body is disassembled. The proposed combined method of explosive disassembly B and VT (in particular silos and KPShT) refers to the second stage of its disposal.

A known method of cutting large-sized hollow products by explosion, used in industry (application DE No. 3307060, class F42D 3/00. The method of pyrotechnic cutting of thick-walled steel tanks, 1984; as well as patent RU No. 2056516 C1, IPC F42B 1/02. Method of metal cutting explosion, 1996). The method is characterized in that an elongated blasting explosive charge of non-cumulative or cumulative type is placed on the wall of the container, previously cooled (for example, with liquid nitrogen) to the temperature of the transition of the metal from a plastic state to a brittle one, and then initiated. This known method is practically unacceptable for cutting steel structures silos and KPShT, in the first place such elements as a glass, head; it may be partially applicable for cutting the roof of a protective device. This is due to the design features of these structures, primarily with large dimensions, as well as with their location below the zero mark. The depth of silos and KPShT can be from 24 to 36 meters; the diameter of the glass can reach four or more meters. The thickness of the metal (high-alloy steel grades AK-29, 10HSND, 09G2S, etc.) ranges from 8 to 40 mm; the mass of metal of the entire design of silos and KPShT in this case can reach 300 tons or more (see, for example, Shirokorad AB, Encyclopedia of Russian Missile Weapons 1817 - 2002 / Ed. by the General Editor of A.E. Taras. - M .: ACT , Mn .: Harvest, 2003 - 544 p.). Cooling such an amount of metal to its cold brittle temperature will require a very large amount of coolant (for example, liquid nitrogen). Installation of a “grid” of elongated charges on the inner surface of the structure will take considerable time, as a result of which the effect of cooling the metal will be nullified. In addition, the installation of charges will require additional service sites, scaffolding, towers or cradles with hoisting and lowering mechanisms. The disadvantages of the method also include the high cost of elongated charges, the increased risk of installing them in a mine, a large number of detonation initiation means, the difficulty of installing an electric blast network, difficulties in lifting cut metal fragments after blasting to the day surface, especially in cases of mines flooding with groundwater as a result of a violation waterproofing and partially tubing lining.

There is a method of cutting metal scrap for armored vehicles (Abramov V.A., Karyalaynen D.I., Kremnev I.B., Potapov I.A. Cutting the hulls and towers of armored vehicles by explosion // Bulletin of Transport Engineering, No. 3, 1992) as well as ships and planes (Borodulin A. Explosions in “cemeteries” // Technique of youth, No. 12, 1991), similar to the above, but not requiring expensive cooling of the object. The method consists in placing on the external surfaces of a shared object a system of elongated cumulative charges (despite the variety of designs and names of such charges, namely: elongated cumulative charge - UKZ, elongated cumulative charge rolled - UK3-P, elongated cumulative charge - UK3-U , cumulative elongated charge - KUZ, linear cumulative charge - LKZ, cord cumulative charge - ShKZ and ShK3-M, cumulative linear ballistic charge - ZKLB and others. Let us take a generalized abbreviation for them - UKZ) such Braz, to achieve a desired size of metal size. After connecting the charges in a single circuit, they are initiated. As already noted above, this method, unlike the previous one, does not require expensive cooling of the metal. However, all other disadvantages inherent in the previous analogues are retained. In addition, for cutting barriers without first transferring the metal into a brittle state, it will require large-caliber UKZ (outer diameters, linear dimensions), with a high content of explosives, and therefore more expensive.

A known method of explosive cutting of metal structures and equipment using the so-called elongated cumulative Quasar-charges (UKKZ), which are hollow both metal and polymer shells, filled after installation on a cutting surface with liquid explosive, manufactured at the place of use - VZHIMI from non-detonation capable components (patent RU No. 2084818 C1, IPC F42D 3/00. Quasar method for cutting metal structures (options), 1997; patent RU No. 2138770 C1, IPC F42D 3/00. Quasar method for explosive cutting p surface ships, surface ships and vessels (options), 1999; patent RU No. 2151997 C1 IPC F42D 3/02, E04G 23/08. Quasar-method of dismantling buildings, structures and building structures, 2000). Compared with previous analogues, this method allows to reduce the danger and cost of cutting work, to increase their productivity. However, all other disadvantages inherent in the aforementioned analogues are retained. In addition, a highly toxic substance - nitrogen tetroxide N ₂ O ₄ , with a very narrow temperature range (the freezing temperature is -11 ° C; the boiling point is + 21.2 ° C), is used as an oxidizing agent in VZHIMI. which imposes certain requirements on the use by working personnel of personal protective equipment and compliance with the specific storage conditions of this component. The natural environment is also subject to significant environmental damage. Also, as in previous analogues, for cutting steel structures of silos (KPShT), additional costs (both time and material) will be required for installing a UKZ in the shaft of a mine and subsequent extraction of cut fragments to the surface.

Currently known and widely used in military practice, the method of destruction of the military and technical forces, as well as the dismantling of building structures by explosion (Manual on military engineering for the Soviet Army. - M.: Military Publishing, 1966). The method is intended to bring the VT and VT and structures in unsuitable for further operation. It consists in placing a powerful charge of condensed explosive (usually in the form of TNT bombs like TP-200 and TP-400) in the armored space (the internal cavity of the object), on the armor (on the surface of the structure), then undermine the charge. As a result of the explosion, the sample is destroyed into shapeless strongly deformed fragments. In this case, a mass of small fragments and fragments is formed, a significant part of which is scattered over a large area and lost, causing damage to nature. This method is adopted as the closest known to the claimed. The advantages of this method compared to the analogues listed above are simplicity and low cost (speed and lack of the need for additional structures, devices, devices, equipment). For reference, in this way the vast majority of domestic silos and KPShT that fell under START-1 were eliminated.

This known closest to the claimed method, widely used in practice, allows you to dispose of only a small part of the expensive metal (for silos and KPShT, this is, at best, the roof of the protective device and the head collar in the form of shapeless pieces). The whole metal of the shaft of the mine, and for some structures - also of cast-iron tubing lining remains after undermining in the ground. The disadvantages of the method also include large radii of the hazardous area of blasting (up to 400 ÷ 500 meters and more), high levels of seismic and air impact of the explosion, a large amount of emission of harmful explosion products and dust into the atmosphere, the formation of funnels with a diameter of up to 10 ÷ 15 meters with a pile of fragments of metal, concrete, reinforcement, PVC plates, paraffin, etc. After such liquidation, significant additional costs for land restoration are required.

The task to which the claimed invention is directed is to develop an effective, practiced method of eliminating silo launchers and silo-type command posts with the maximum possible utilization of metal.

When carrying out the invention, the task is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency and resource saving of the process of eliminating silos and KPST, significantly reducing the harmful effects of the explosion (seismic, air shock wave and environmental) on the environment, increasing the ergonomics of the process of cutting the structure into scrap metal, expanding the functionality of the method.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the bottom part of the glass silos or KPShT they install a ring-type UKZ, mount an explosive network, dock the initiation means and undermine the charge. After that, a compact (concentrated) charge of explosive material (VM) with the initiation means is laid at the bottom of the mine, the mine shaft is covered with soil, the roof of the protective device is closed and the charge is initiated. As an explosive material, either individual condensed high-explosive explosives can be used (for example, TNT in the form of molten or pressed blocks of the TP-200, TP-4 type) or mixed (for example, TNT alloys with the RDX type TG 40/60, TG 50 / 50, etc.), or utilized gunpowder for various purposes, solid rocket and special fuels, pyrotechnic compositions.

The products of explosive transformation of a compact charge formed during detonation or burning push out part of the silos of the silos (KPShT) cut off from the bottom from the ground: a glass with a cap and a roof of a protective device with or without tubing support. The effect of a mortar launch of silos (silos) from the ground is realized. In contrast to the known method closest to the claimed method, when a compact charge of an explosive is exploded, it is realized, mainly not blasting (fragmentation or crushing), but the propelling effect of the explosion. The structure thus extracted onto the day surface can subsequently be cut into scrap by any known economically feasible method (by any explosive, mechanical, gas-plasma, etc., or a combination thereof).

The choice of the type of UKZ and the calculation of the required caliber (outer diameter) are made on the basis of the material of the cut obstacle (glass) and its thickness. The type of VM and the mass of the compact charge, based on the dimensions and mass of the missile structure (ejected from the ground by the silos and KPShT), can be calculated from the classical dependences of the internal ballistics of barrel systems (for example, Serebryakov M.E. Internal ballistics of barrel systems and powder rockets. M. : Oborongiz, 1962).

The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by a series of full-scale experiments conducted during the planned liquidation of one of the types of KPShT of the Missile Forces. The experimental results are presented in the photographs of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1 shows the design of the KPShT extracted to the surface by the proposed method without tubing support (reinforced concrete support remained in the ground); figure 2 - together with tubing lining.

As explosive material of a compact charge, pressed trotyl checkers of the TP-200 and TP-400 type were used, wooden boxes placed in the factory packaging.

The sequence of technological operations in the elimination of silos and KPShT proposed method:

- install on the inner wall of the glass in its bottom part an elongated cumulative charge of a ring shape;

- mount an explosive network;

- dock to UKZ means of initiating detonation;

- carry out the undermining of the UKZ;

- lay on the bottom a compact charge of explosive material;

- dock one or several (to increase reliability) explosive transformation initiation means (electric detonators, detonator caps, explosive cartridges, electric igniters, igniter caps, pyrocartridges, etc.) and connect them to the initiation main line;

- fill up a compact charge with soil;

- close the roof of the protective device silos (KPShT);

- initiate a compact charge.

Subsequently, on the day surface, the extracted structure is cut into scrap metal using one of the selected known methods, or a combination thereof.

The advantages of the proposed method are:

1) extraction on the surface for further disposal of almost the entire metal of the structure (metal losses are minimal (the bottom of the mine cut off by the UKZ remains in the ground);

2) a significant reduction in the environment of the seismic and air impact of the explosion due to backfilling of a smaller mass of explosive charge with soil;

3) a significant reduction in the volume of explosion products hazardous to human health and the environment;

4) a decrease in the radius of the danger zone (also compared with the method known and closest to the declared) by more than two times.

Claims (2)

1. A resource-saving method for the liquidation of mine-type structures, which consists in placing a powerful compact charge of explosive material in the cavity of the object to be liquidated, followed by initiating an explosive transformation in it, characterized in that an annular elongated cumulative charge of brisant is installed on the cylindrical wall of the metal cup in the bottom of the shaft explosive and undermine it, after which a compact charge of explosive material is placed on the bottom of the mine, connected they reveal one and / or several means of initiating the explosive transformation of a compact charge, fill the latter with soil, close the roof of the protective device of the structure, and initiate a compact charge. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the explosive material of a compact charge, a liquidated high-explosive condensed individual or mixed explosive is used, either solid rocket or special fuel, or gunpowder, or a pyrotechnic composition.

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