RU2531670C2 - Elimination method of smoke powders by means of blasting method using explosive as primer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to elimination of rifle smoke powders (RSP) and can be implemented using explosives as a primer. According to the proposed method, elimination is performed by blasting an RSP box with trinitrotoluene blocks with weight of at least 200 g. Blasting is performed on a platform intended for installation onto it of a box filled with smoke powder with the weight of not more than 50 kg. The box is put on its side with the neck turned to the right or to the left from electrical blasting circuit direction.

EFFECT: increasing productivity and reducing fire and explosion hazard.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of destruction of smoky gunpowder (DRP) and can be implemented as a method for destroying smoky gunpowder of smoky gunpowder undermining using explosives as a means of initiation.

Smoke powder is a granular mechanical mixture of the composition, wt.%: Saltpeter - 75, sulfur - 10, wood charcoal - 15, where nitrate is an oxidizing agent, wood charcoal is combustible, sulfur is the main plastic substance for imparting mechanical strength to grain is also combustible.

After the expiration date and in the process of manufacturing smoke powders, the waste must be destroyed by soaking or incineration.

These methods of disposal of smoke powder is economically disadvantageous, it requires certain costs and preparation time.

At the moment, there are various developments in the field of disposal [2, 3]. Known production line for the disposal of obsolete gunpowder [4]. The line is designed to produce a nitrocellulose product, for civilian materials or gunpowder, purified from unstable impurities that accumulate during storage from obsolete pyroxylin and ballistic gunpowder. The line does not allow to process smoke powder and products containing it.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is the destruction of powder by burning. The utilization of smoke powder in the prototype is carried out at special sites by burning smoke powder dispersed over it of a certain mass. This increases the environmental hazard. In addition, due to the property of smoke powder to detonate during combustion, the fire and explosion hazard during this type of work increases.

The aim of the invention is the destruction of the destruction of smoky gunpowder in the boxes by the method of detonation from explosive charge (EXPLOSIVES) at the destruction sites containing sections of the 1st type (subversive fields), as well as the basic requirements for the equipment of the destruction sites.

The technical result is achieved by destroying the smoky gunpowder located in the box using a sample of explosives. At the same time, the destruction of smoke powder is carried out at a distance and instantly, which in turn increases productivity and reduces fire and explosion hazard.

The goal is realized in the proposed method by destroying at a special site smoky gunpowder located in the box (ind. 4ЯК10) laid on its side with a neck to the right or to the left of the direction of the electric explosive chain connected to explosives (two trotyl barrels weighing 200 g each), which fixed on the box. The general scheme is presented in (Fig. 1.);

The proposed method for the destruction of smoky gunpowder by the method of blasting using explosives as a means of initiation (figure 2) includes:

- electric explosion network (1);

- explosive charge (TNT bomb with electric detonator) (2);

- metal box with DRP (3);

- a cover of a metal box (4);

- the site of the blasting (5);

- protective wall (6);

- shelter for a demoman (7);

- the protective shaft of the site (8).

When destroying smoky gunpowder undermining at the destruction site, the following procedure must be followed:

- set up guard posts in the prohibited area of the destruction site in accordance with the requirements of STP 44A-P-021-03;

- place for temporary storage explosives and means of initiation;

- put in a trench container (metal boxes ind. 4YaK10) with smoke powder intended for destruction;

- lay and check the electric explosion network;

- prepare means of initiation;

- prepare and lay on the container with smoky gunpowder TNT blocks;

- insert an electric detonator into the socket of the explosive charge checkers;

- to undermine the ammunition using a subversive machine;

- check the results of the blast;

- to clear the territory of the site of destruction from elements of smoky gunpowder and other fire hazardous objects;

- remove security posts;

- carry out the spill of the site with water to fulfill the fire safety conditions.

If two or more detonations will be carried out at the destruction site during the work shift, then after cleaning the territory of the destruction site, after each explosion of smoky gunpowder, measures should be taken to inspect and clean the territory.

A replaceable supply of initiation and blasting equipment should be stored in a separate dugout, which should be located no closer than 50 m from dugouts to shelter explosives and workers and not closer than 200 m from trenches or pits for detonating products from smoke powder.

The dugout must have at least three separate rooms for:

- storage of means of initiation;

- storage of explosives;

- preparation of means of initiation and blasting;

Pits (trenches) for the destruction of smoky gunpowder should have a flat bottom, the dimensions of which should provide the necessary space for the safe packing of containers with gunpowder, the laying of an electric explosion network and the installation of an explosive charge. The depth of the pit (trench) is determined from the condition for excluding the expansion of fragments outside the territory of the destruction site. At the bottom and slopes of the pit (trench) there should be no foreign objects (stones, bars, etc.) and explosive objects left over from undermining the previous bookmark.

Smoke powder containers to the edge of the pit (trench) or to the place of laying should be carried on a stretcher equipped with sides at least 10 cm high and shoulder straps that prevent the stretcher with ammunition from falling during transport. The total weight of the stretcher with smoky gunpowder should not exceed 50 kg. In case of excess of weight (more than 50 kg) it is allowed to use hoisting mechanisms (crane). The number of bookmarks and the maximum amount of gunpowder in one bookmark is determined for each site separately by the technical commission of the unit on the basis of experimental work and must ensure compliance with all safety conditions. An exemplary layout of the tabs of containers with smoke powder at the destruction site is shown in figure 2.

An electric blast network must be made of sapper wires having intact insulation. The blast network must be two-wire. It is forbidden to use pipes, rails, ropes, water, earth, etc. as one of the conductors. The installation of the electric blast network must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of clause 11.4 of STP 44A-P-021-03 and under the direct supervision of the head of blasting operations. The manufactured electric blast network should be checked for its integrity with the help of a small ohmmeter type M-57.

All electric detonators must be checked for conductivity with an M-57 device (small ohmmeter) before being included in an electric blast network. Inspection of electric detonators should be carried out by the head of work in a separate room of the dugout. Precinct wires must be laid from the tabs to the trunk wires. An electric detonator connected to the local wires must be laid at a distance of at least 1 m from the explosive charge.

Explosive charges should be placed on the walls of the container (metal box ind. 4YaK10) with smoke powder. The explosive charge, after laying it, must be secured using twine, turf or electrical tape. The approximate consumption rate of initiation and blasting means for blowing up one box with smoke powder weighing 50 kg is 400 g of TNT and one electric detonator.

The scheme for securing the explosive charge on containers with black powder is shown in (Fig. 1).

Explosive devices (demolition vehicles, power supplies, etc.) must be stored in the demolition dugout in an iron box locked. The key to the box and the handle of the blasting machine must always be at the head of the work, it is forbidden to transfer them to other persons.

After the installation of electric detonators in explosive charges, the explosive workers involved in their installation, on the command of the demolition supervisor, should leave for cover. The work manager is obliged:

- personally verify the absence of people at the destruction site (outside the shelter);

- give the set warning signals;

- personally connect the ends of the electric blast network to the blasting machine and carry out the blasting.

If the charge gave up during the detonation, then you should approach it for inspection no earlier than 15 minutes after the moment when, according to the calculation, an explosion should occur. The inspection must be carried out personally by the head of the destruction site in compliance with safety requirements, while it is allowed to involve an explosive worker for inspection. Having identified the cause of the refusal, the work manager must prepare and carry out a second blast.

It is forbidden to remove an installed electric detonator from an explosive charge socket. To re-detonate, it is necessary to use another electric detonator, while it must be inserted into the nest of another TNT block.

The destruction site and the territory adjacent to it should be cleaned according to the “Instructions for Cleaning the Territory of the Site of Destruction from Explosive Hazards”, which should be developed on the basis of STP 44A-P-021-03.

Theoretical calculations and justifications for the method of destruction of smoky gunpowder in boxes undermining from a charge of explosive

1. The calculation of the required amount of explosive to detonate the duct with smoky gun powder

1.1. The initial data for the calculation:

gunpowder mass - 70 kg;

gunpowder density ρ _o = 1.7 g / cm ³ ;

explosion speed 420 m / s;

$${Р}_{н}=\frac{{\rho }_{о}{V}^2}{4}=\frac{1700\cdot {\left(420\right)}^2}{4}=75МПа$$

, $$$$

$$R_n=\frac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{about}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}^2}{\mathrm{four}}=\frac{\mathrm{one}700\cdot {\left(\mathrm{four}20\right)}^2}{\mathrm{four}}=75MP\mathrm{but}$$

,

where R _n - the pressure of the explosion products during the explosion of smoky gunpowder in the duct, MPa.

1.2. To initiate an explosion of smoky gunpowder in the duct, the pressure in the shockwave from the explosive charge must be not less than the pressure in the blast wave from the smoky gunpowder.

1.3. An explosive bomb with blasting will carry out a blasting effect on the box and smoky gunpowder in it. The distance at which the blasting effect is carried out is equal to 1.5 charge radius. For 200 g of TNT (ρ _o = 1.6 g / cm ³ ), the charge radius

$$r_o=\sqrt[3]{\frac{3m}{\mathrm{four}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\pi \; \rho \; o"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\pi \; </figure-callout>}{\rho }_o{}_{}}}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{3\cdot 200\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{-3}}{\mathrm{four}\cdot 3,\mathrm{one}\mathrm{four}\cdot \mathrm{one}600}}=0,032\mathrm{one}m.$$

1.4. Detonation products affecting the box and smoky gunpowder from the TNT bomb obey the isentropic law PV ⁿ = const.

1.5. Using it, we can write:

$$P_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot V_{\mathrm{one}}^n={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2\cdot V_2^n,\Rightarrow {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{P_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot V_{\mathrm{one}}^3}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2^3}$$

where P ₁ , V ₁ - pressure and specific volume of detonation products in the volume occupied by the volume of the pieces;

P ₂ , V ₂ - pressure and specific volume of detonation products when they expand by a radius equal to 1.5 r _o .

We calculate these parameters:

, $$P_{\mathrm{one}}=\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\rho \; o\; V"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\rho \; </figure-callout>}}_o{V}^{}{}^2}{\mathrm{four}}=\frac{\mathrm{one}600\cdot {\left(7000\right)}^2}{\mathrm{four}}=\mathrm{one},96\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{\mathrm{one}0}P\mathrm{but}$$

,

, $$V_{\mathrm{one}}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{{\rho }_o}=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{\mathrm{one}600}=6,25\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{-\mathrm{four}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3/\mathrm{to}g$$

,

, $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{four}}{3}\pi {(\mathrm{one},5r_o)}^3=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{0,2}=\frac{\mathrm{four}}{3}\pi {(\mathrm{one},5\cdot 0,032\mathrm{one})}^3\cdot \frac{\mathrm{one}}{0,2}=5,58\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{-3}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3/\mathrm{to}g$$

,

. $${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="P"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{P_{\mathrm{one}}\cdot V_{\mathrm{one}}^3}{2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2^3}=\frac{\mathrm{one},96\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{\mathrm{one}0}{\left(6,25\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{-\mathrm{four}}\right)}^3}{2\cdot {\left(5,58\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^{-3}\right)}^3}=\mathrm{one}38MP\mathrm{but}$$

.

With the existing scheme of undermining a box with smoky gunpowder (in pits), the speed of expansion of the resulting fragments from the box and their flight range will be significantly less than fragments of high-explosive fragmentation shells detonated at a site of type 1. Consequently, the level of security during the destruction of boxes with smoky gunpowder will be higher than when destroying high-explosive fragmentation munitions.

2. Assessment of the possibility of simultaneous initiation of several boxes with smoky gun powder

We determine the excess pressure in the front of the shock wave during the explosion of the DRP in the duct at a distance of 30 m from the place of initiation according to the formula of MA Sadovsky, taking the energy of the DRP two times less than that of TNT [1]:

, $$\Delta P=0,8\mathrm{four}\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega "\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega </figure-callout>}}^{{}_3^{\mathrm{one}}}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R\; +"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R\; </figure-callout>}}+2,7\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega "\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega </figure-callout>}}^{{}_3^2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}+7\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega \; R"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega \; </figure-callout>}}{R^{}}$$

,

where R is the distance of the considered point from the center of the explosion.

. $$\Delta P=0,8\mathrm{four}\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega "\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega </figure-callout>}}^{{}_3^{\mathrm{one}}}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R\; +"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R\; </figure-callout>}}+2,7\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega "\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega </figure-callout>}}^{{}_3^2}}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="R"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">R</figure-callout>}}^2}+7\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="\omega \; R"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\omega \; </figure-callout>}}{R^{}}=0,8\mathrm{four}\frac{70,8^{{}_3^{\mathrm{one}}}}{30}+2,7\frac{70,8^{{}_3^2}}{30^2}+7\frac{70,8}{30^3}=0,\mathrm{one}9\frac{\mathrm{to}g}{\mathrm{from}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000013.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^2}$$

.

Then the impulse force applied to the lateral surface of the adjacent duct with DRP will be

, $$F=\Delta P{S}_{bn}=0,\mathrm{one}9\cdot \mathrm{one}{0}^5\cdot 0,\mathrm{four}2\cdot 0,57=\mathrm{four}5\mathrm{four}8N$$

,

where S _bn is the area of the side surface of the box.

Thus, we can conclude that at a distance of up to 30 meters or more, the adjacent box with smoke gunpowder gets damaged in the form of a throwing action while deforming (deflecting) the side wall of the box, which is unacceptable according to the requirements of explosion safety technology.

Findings:

1. When undermining a box with smoky gunpowder with two TNT blocks weighing 200 g each, its reliable and complete destruction by an explosion is ensured. Thus, when 200 g of TNT is detonated, a shock wave is created in a box with smoky gunpowder, the value of which is 2 times higher than that necessary to initiate an explosion.

2. To exclude the movement of smoky gunpowder in the box, it is necessary to use for detonation two pieces of 200 g each, located on opposite walls of the box, at the same time.

3. The successive destruction of boxes with smoky gunpowder by a blasting method using explosive charges is excluded due to deformation of subsequent boxes with smoky gunpowder by a shock wave formed by the explosion of the previous explosive charge and smoky gunpowder in the box. Therefore, to destroy boxes with smoky gunpowder by a method of detonating an explosive charge at a site, it is allowed to install only one box.

Used Books

1. The action of artillery ammunition / PN Deryabin [and others]. - Penza: PA-II, 2004 .-- 250 p.

2. The method of destruction of nitrocellulose powders (No. 2188385 from 08.27.2002 RU).

3. The method of disposal of TNT (No. 2247933 RU 2005).

4. Technological line for the disposal of obsolete gunpowder No. 2093501 (RU) C06B 21/00, 20101197.

Claims (1)

A method of disposing of smoky gunpowder (DRP), characterized in that the destruction is carried out by undermining the box with DRP with TNT weighing at least 200 g on a site designed to install on it a box filled with smoke powder weighing no more than 50 kg, laid on its side with the throat to the right or to the left of the direction of the electric explosion circuit.

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